Article
Biology
Pia Ryt-Hansen, Jesper Schak Krog, Solvej Ostergaard Breum, Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager, Anders Gorm Pedersen, Ramona Trebbien, Lars Erik Larsen
Summary: This paper presents the results of swIAV surveillance in Danish swine from 2011 to 2018, revealing multiple different circulating genotypes of the virus, including novel reassortants with human seasonal IAV gene segments. The phylogenetic analysis showed genetic drift in antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin protein and identified a swine divergent cluster among the viruses studied.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Adeyinka J. Adedeji, Rebecca B. Atai, Helen E. Gyang, Panzam Gambo, Maimuna A. Habib, Rebecca Weka, Vincent B. Muwanika, Charles Masembe, Pam D. Luka
Summary: Livestock trading through live animal markets, such as the designated live pig markets in Nigeria, can introduce and spread economically important pathogens like the African swine fever virus (ASFV). This study analyzed data and pig samples from selected live pig markets in Nigeria and found that these markets were hotspots and channels for the transmission and spread of ASFV in the country. Disease surveillance and regulation at these markets are critical for controlling ASF in Nigeria.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin, Aurelie Sausy, Claude P. Mueller, Judith M. Hubschen, Sunday A. Omilabu, Chantal J. Snoeck
Summary: The study aimed to estimate the circulation of influenza A viruses and characterize the strains at the interface between swine workers and their animals in Nigeria, a hub for pig production in Africa. The results showed that a significant number of pig serum samples had anti-influenza A antibodies, indicating circulation of the virus in pigs. However, no positive results were found in pig swabs. Two strains of influenza A, A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal A(H3N2), were detected in swine workers. The study emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among swine workers and implementing vaccination and other preventive measures to reduce inter-species transmission.
Article
Immunology
Shovon Chakma, Muzaffar G. Osmani, Holy Akwar, Zakiul Hasan, Tanzinah Nasrin, Md Rezaul Karim, Mohammed Abdus Samad, Mohammad Giasuddin, Peter Sly, Zahir Islam, Nitish Chandra Debnath, Eric Brum, Ricardo Soares Magalhaes
Summary: The study found higher environmental contamination of influenza A(H5) virus in live bird markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh, particularly in markets that combine wholesale and retail operations, as well as in the month of March. This highlights the ongoing public health issue of influenza A(H5) environmental contamination in most markets in Dhaka, emphasizing the need for enhanced biosecurity interventions in live bird markets in Bangladesh.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Lanre Sulaiman, Ismaila Shittu, Alice Fusaro, Bitrus Inuwa, Bianca Zecchin, Dorcas Gado, Alessia Schivo, Alice Bianco, Agnes Laleye, Federica Gobbo, Columba Vakuru, Tony Joannis, Isabella Monne, Clement Meseko
Summary: Research on H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Nigeria has shown zoonotic potential and the presence of different virus clusters in the country, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring of live bird markets to prevent economic losses and public health threats.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guanghu Zhu, Min Kang, Xueli Wei, Tian Tang, Tao Liu, Jianpeng Xiao, Tie Song, Wenjun Ma
Summary: This study quantified the effects of different interventions towards Live Poultry Markets (LPMs) for controlling H7N9 transmission in Guangdong Province. Temporary, seasonal, and permanent closure of LPMs can substantially reduce transmission risk, while the 1110 policy has limited effectiveness in preventing H7N9 transmission.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Shelby Landreth, Susan Detmer, Volker Gerdts, Yan Zhou
Summary: The study designed a bivalent live attenuated influenza virus vaccine using Canadian swIAV isolates, which showed strong potential to protect swine against the predominant influenza subtypes in North America.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sungsu Youk, Andrew Y. Cho, Dong-Hun Lee, Sol Jeong, Yu-jin Kim, Sunhak Lee, Tae-Hyeon Kim, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, Chang-Seon Song
Summary: This study reports the first detection of Y280-lineage H9N2 avian influenza viruses in live bird markets in Korea, indicating the dispersal of newly introduced viruses from China. Genetic analysis showed high homology between these viruses and one of the most prevalent H9N2 genotypes in China, suggesting potential implications for public health due to the increasing human cases of the same genotype H9N2 infection in China.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ti Liu, Yousong Peng, Julong Wu, Shangwen Lu, Yujie He, Xiyan Li, Lin Sun, Shaoxia Song, Shengyang Zhang, Zhong Li, Xianjun Wang, Shu Zhang, Mi Liu, Zengqiang Kou
Summary: This study reported the long-term surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live bird markets in 16 cities in Shandong province from 2013 to 2019. The predominant subtype was H9, and the newly sequenced H9N2 viruses were genetically similar. Several molecular markers associated with human adaptation, mammalian virulence, and drug resistance were identified.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Lizheng Guan, Gongxun Zhong, Shufang Fan, Erin M. Plisch, Robert Presler, Chunyang Gu, Lavanya Babujee, David Pattinson, Hang Le Khanh Nguyen, Vu Mai Phuong Hoang, Mai Quynh Le, Harm van Bakel, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Summary: Surveillance in Vietnam's northern live poultry markets identified 27 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and H5N6 viruses from 2016 to 2017, belonging to 3 different clades. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed reassortment with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses and identified minor viral subpopulations encoding variants that may affect pathogenicity and antiviral drug sensitivity. Mice infected with clade 2.3.2.1c viruses rapidly lost weight and died, while those infected with clade 2.3.4.4f or 2.3.4.4g experienced non-lethal infections.
Article
Immunology
Jasmine C. M. Turner, Subrata Barman, Mohammed M. Feeroz, M. Kamrul Hasan, Sharmin Akhtar, Trushar Jeevan, David Walker, John Franks, Patrick Seiler, Nabanita Mukherjee, Lisa Kercher, Pamela McKenzie, Tommy Lam, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Richard J. Webby
Summary: Migratory birds have been identified as key players in the dissemination of influenza viruses. Recent detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses in migratory and resident ducks in Bangladesh, which are genetically similar to viruses found in wild birds in China and Mongolia, suggests a potential migration-associated spread of these zoonotic pathogens.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Dillon S. McBride, Amanda C. Perofsky, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Martha Nelson, Andrew S. Bowman
Summary: Research indicates that swine jackpot shows play a significant role in the transmission of influenza zoonoses, with a higher detection rate of influenza among pigs at these events. Additionally, it is shown that influenza primarily spreads at county fairs, as a larger number of influenza-positive pigs are detected at these events.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claire Guinat, Damian Tago, Tifenn Corre, Christian Selinger, Ramses Djidjou-Demasse, Mathilde Paul, Didier Raboisson, Thuy Nguyen Thi Thanh, Ken Inui, Long Pham Thanh, Pawin Padungtod, Timothee Vergne
Summary: In monitoring live bird markets, using portable diagnostic devices and sampling birds staying overnight can improve the detection of avian influenza viruses, while banning birds staying overnight can reduce the risk of H7N9 spread but may decrease the likelihood of virus detection.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Joshua N. Lorbach, Sarah W. Nelson, Sarah E. Lauterbach, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Eben Kenah, Dillon S. McBride, Maria R. Culhane, Christa Goodell, Andrew S. Bowman
Summary: The study demonstrates that vaccinating pigs against influenza can significantly reduce the risk of influenza virus transmission. Observations on pigs vaccinated with live-attenuated influenza virus or killed influenza virus, as well as corresponding ferret exposure groups, show improved outcomes on both sides of the interface. Pigs vaccinated with live-attenuated virus also show a significant delay in onset of infection among exposed ferrets.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Guanting Zhang, Liqin Xu, Jian Zhang, Qiaoyun Fang, Jianjun Zeng, Yan Liu, Changwen Ke
Summary: This report presents a new case of H9N2 infection that occurred in April 2021. It provides epidemiological and laboratory information of the case, as well as routine influenza surveillance data of avian influenza A. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening surveillance of influenzalike illness and live poultry market in order to protect public health.
Article
Immunology
Brendan R. Jackson, Jeremy A. W. Gold, Pavithra Natarajan, John Rossow, Robyn Neblett Fanfair, Juliana da Silva, Karen K. Wong, Sean D. Browning, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Jessica Rogers-Brown, Alfonso C. Hernandez-Romieu, Christine M. Szablewski, Nadine Oosmanally, Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo, Cherie Drenzek, David J. Murphy, Julie Hollberg, James M. Blum, Robert Jansen, David W. Wright, William M. Sewell, Jack D. Owens, Benjamin Lefkove, Frank W. Brown, Deron C. Burton, Timothy M. Uyeki, Stephanie R. Bialek, Priti R. Patel, Beau B. Bruce
Summary: Age is the strongest predictor of death, with older age being a predictor of IMV and death. Certain antihypertensive medications are associated with death. Coronary artery disease may lead to death.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Juliana F. da Silva, Alfonso C. Hernandez-Romieu, Sean D. Browning, Beau B. Bruce, Pavithra Natarajan, Sapna B. Morris, Jeremy A. W. Gold, Robyn Neblett Fanfair, Jessica Rogers-Brown, John Rossow, Christine M. Szablewski, Nadine Oosmanally, Melissa Tobin D'Angelo, Cherie Drenzek, David J. Murphy, Julie Hollberg, James M. Blum, Robert Jansen, David W. Wright, William Sewell, Jack Owens, Benjamin Lefkove, Frank W. Brown, Deron C. Burton, Timothy M. Uyeki, Priti R. Patel, Brendan R. Jackson, Karen K. Wong
Summary: This retrospective study analyzed data from 305 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, identifying a severe phenotype with high mortality and poor prognosis, characterized by specific clinical features. Further validation in other cohorts is necessary to better understand clinical phenotypes and risk factors for tailored clinical management of COVID-19.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
James T. Lee, Elisabeth M. Hesse, Heather N. Paulin, Deblina Datta, Lee S. Katz, Amish Talwar, Gregory Chang, Romeo R. Galang, Jennifer L. Harcourt, Azaibi Tamin, Natalie J. Thornburg, Karen K. Wong, Valerie Stevens, Kaylee Kim, Suxiang Tong, Bin Zhou, Krista Queen, Jan Drobeniuc, Jennifer M. Folster, D. Joseph Sexton, Sumathi Ramachandran, Hannah Browne, John Iskander, Kiren Mitruka
Summary: The investigation on potential SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases in the United States from May to July 2020 did not confirm any cases within 90 days of the initial infection. The findings support current CDC guidance on quarantine and testing for patients who have recovered from COVID-19.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mung Ting Yung, RosaI Chela Vazquez, Amy Liebman, Auguste Brihn, Anna Olson, Delaney Loken, Ana Contreras-Smith, Jeff Bender, Jonathan D. Kirsch
Summary: Dairy farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin have implemented biosecurity and safety measures in response to COVID-19, but there is room for improvement. Most farms are concerned about the health of their employees and the profitability of their operations, with some still having worries and areas needing improvement.
JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lyudmyla Kompaniyets, Nickolas T. Agathis, Jennifer M. Nelson, Leigh Ellyn Preston, Jean Y. Ko, Brook Belay, Audrey F. Pennington, Melissa L. Danielson, Carla L. DeSisto, Jennifer R. Chevinsky, Lyna Z. Schieber, Hussain Yusuf, James Baggs, William R. Mac Kenzie, Karen K. Wong, Tegan K. Boehmer, Adi V. Gundlapalli, Alyson B. Goodman
Summary: This study investigated the risk of severe COVID-19 illness among children with underlying medical conditions and medical complexity. It found that children with type 1 diabetes, cardiac and circulatory congenital anomalies, and obesity had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness, highlighting the importance of close observation and cautious clinical management for these children.
Article
Microbiology
Syeda A. Hadi, Evan P. Brenner, Rinosh Mani, Mitchell Palmer, Tyler Thacker, Srinand Sreevatsan
Summary: This study presents the draft genomes of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis biovar bovis strains. One strain, Ravenel, isolated in the 1900s, has been shown to be attenuated in cattle, while the other strain, 10-7428, is considered highly pathogenic in cattle and was isolated from a bovine tuberculosis outbreak.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sarad Paudel, Evan P. Brenner, Syeda A. Hadi, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Chie Nakajima, Toshio Tsubota, Kamal Prasad Gairhe, Bhagwan Maharjan, Srinand Sreevatsan
Summary: This report describes the genome sequences of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, S1 and S3, recovered from Asian elephants in Nepal, which will enhance our understanding of the genomic epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Asian elephants.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Evan P. Brenner, Syeda A. Hadi, Beth Harris, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, Srinand Sreevatsan
Summary: Tuberculosis-causing members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex have significant impacts on human health and pose threats to endangered species like elephants. The whole-genome sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from two zoo elephants in the United States were reported.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jennifer DeCuir, James Baggs, Michael Melgar, Pragna Patel, Karen K. Wong, Noah G. Schwartz, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Shana Godfred-Cato, Ermias D. Belay
Summary: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but severe hyperinflammatory illness associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most MIS-A patients present with severe cardiac symptoms and have a significant ICU admission rate and mortality rate.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Megan Schossow, Diane Kampa, Jeffrey Bender
Summary: The impacts of stress on physical and mental health are becoming increasingly prominent. The Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center (UMASH) organized a forum to explore occupational stress and mental health outcomes in agriculture, with the aim of identifying barriers to mental health care and interventions to improve the system.
JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Devon Charlier, Melissa Wilson, Chryseis Modderman, Erin Cortus, Kevin Janni, Carol Peterson, Megan Schossow, Bruce H. Alexander, Jeff B. Bender
Summary: Manure management on farms presents potential risks to human health and safety, with toxic gases and confined spaces being the most common hazards. A study in Minnesota found that long working hours, lack of safety practices, and exposure to harmful gases can lead to injury and health issues for manure applicators.
JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathon D. Gass, Robert J. Dusek, Jeffrey S. Hall, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Halldor Palmar Halldorsson, Solvi Runar Vignisson, Sunna Bjork Ragnarsdottir, Jon Einar Jonsson, Scott Krauss, Sook-San Wong, Xiu-Feng Wan, Sadia Akter, Srinand Sreevatsan, Nidia S. Trovao, Felicia B. Nutter, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Nichola J. Hill
Summary: IAV circulates among migratory birds in the Arctic and subarctic regions, connecting Europe and North America. Gulls in Iceland play a significant role in the transmission of the virus. These findings contribute to surveillance strategies for seasonal and emerging viruses with potential public health concerns.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Megan Schossow, Devon Charlier, Suness Hall, Jeff Bender
Summary: Agricultural and food production systems are constantly evolving in response to societal and environmental factors, but they also face emerging and re-emerging issues such as emerging markets and changing worker demographics. UMASH, as a research institute, is responsible for protecting the health and safety of agricultural workers in the Upper Midwest by implementing an Emerging Issues program to address these problems.
JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Syeda A. Hadi, Evan P. Brenner, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Tyler C. Thacker, Catherine Vilcheze, Michelle H. Larsen, William R. Jacobs, Srinand Sreevatsan
Summary: This study investigates the attenuation mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis (MBO) strain Ravenel (MBO Ravenel) through experimental calf infection and genomic analysis. The research identifies nine unique mutations in MBO Ravenel compared to other pathogenic strains, which likely contribute to its attenuated phenotype.
Article
Immunology
Kristen Pettrone, Eleanor Burnett, Ruth Link-Gelles, Sarah C. Haight, Caroline Schrodt, Lucinda England, Danica J. Gomes, Mays Shamout, Kevin O'Laughlin, Anne Kimball, Erin F. Blau, Chandresh N. Ladva, Christine M. Szablewski, Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo, Nadine Oosmanally, Cherie Drenzek, Sean D. Browning, Beau B. Bruce, Juliana da Silva, Jeremy A. W. Gold, Brendan R. Jackson, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Pavithra Natarajan, Robyn Neblett Fanfair, Priti R. Patel, Jessica Rogers-Brown, John Rossow, Karen K. Wong, David J. Murphy, James M. Blum, Julie Hollberg, Benjamin Lefkove, Frank W. Brown, Tom Shimabukuro, Claire M. Midgley, Jacqueline E. Tate, Marie E. Killerby
Summary: The study found that the risk of hospitalization for patients with coronavirus disease in Atlanta, Georgia, was higher in older patients and those with multiple comorbidities. There was also a potential link between hospitalization and high hemoglobin A1c levels in individuals with diabetes.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
