Article
Microbiology
Ekaterina Stepanova, Elena Krutikova, Pei-Fong Wong, Victoria Matyushenko, Ekaterina Bazhenova, Irina Isakova-Sivak, Larisa Rudenko
Summary: This study developed an experimental chimeric influenza vaccine that efficiently induced immune responses against both influenza A and B viruses, providing comprehensive protection. However, further optimization may be needed due to mismatch of T-cell epitopes.
Article
Immunology
Wen-Chun Liu, Raffael Nachbagauer, Daniel Stadlbauer, Shirin Strohmeier, Alicia Solorzano, Francesco Berlanda-Scorza, Bruce L. Innis, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Peter Palese, Florian Krammer, Randy A. Albrecht
Summary: The study demonstrated that sequential immunization with cHA-based vaccines induced durable antibody responses and provided better protection against the 2009 influenza A virus HA conserved stalk domain in ferrets.
Article
Pediatrics
Andrew G. Sokolow, Amy P. Stallings, Carolyn Kercsmar, Theresa Harrington, Natalia Jimenez-Truque, Yuwei Zhu, Katherine Sokolow, M. Anthony Moody, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Emmanuel B. Walter, Mary Allen Staat, Karen R. Broder, C. Buddy Creech
Summary: This study found that among children with asthma aged 5 to 17 years, LAIV4 was not associated with an increased frequency of asthma exacerbations or asthma-related symptoms compared to IIV4. There were no significant differences in asthma symptoms or lung function changes within 14 days post-vaccination between the two groups.
Article
Microbiology
Wei Ran, Jacob Schoen, Kevin Ciminski, Julian Kraft, Susanne Kessler, Sophie Euchner, Donata Hoffmann, Anne Pohlmann, Martin Beer, Martin Schwemmle, Sebastian Giese
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of a chimeric bat H17N10 virus as a live influenza vaccine. The virus was passaged in eggs and chickens to improve its suitability for mammalian usage. The vaccine induced a strong antibody response and provided full protection against avian influenza virus in mice.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Giulia Perego, Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi, Giulia Cocciolo, Federica Chiappa, Stefano Salvati, Federica Balzarini, Anna Odone, Carlo Signorelli, Vincenza Gianfredi
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of spray live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), finding that LAIV was associated with a higher probability of seroconversion for the A/H1N1 serotype, and had no significant association with systemic adverse events, with only rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and sore throat being significantly associated with LAIV compared to the placebo.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ji Chen, Jinyu Wang, Hongyu Zhu, Yang Zhang, Jin Sun, Wei Wang, Congwen Wei, Hui Zhong, Mingxin Dong
Summary: Researchers report a novel method to construct recombinant influenza A virus regulated by small molecules. By inserting 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT)-dependent intein into the polymerase acidic (PA) protein of IAV, a series of 4-HT-dependent recombinant viruses were generated and screened. The attenuated viruses showed excellent replication characteristics and elicited robust immunity against homologous viruses.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brianna L. Bullard, Brigette N. Corder, Jennifer DeBeauchamp, Adam Rubrum, Bette Korber, Richard J. Webby, Eric A. Weaver
Summary: In this study, a universal swine H3 influenza vaccine was designed using a computational algorithm, which showed significant cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses in both murine and swine models. The vaccine demonstrated superior cross-reactive immunity and reduced weight loss and lung viral titers in mice challenged with different swH3 viruses. The findings suggest that this epigraph vaccination strategy should be further investigated as a potential universal swH3 vaccine.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Longlong Si, Quan Shen, Jing Li, Li Chen, Jinying Shen, Xue Xiao, Haiqing Bai, Tang Feng, Adam Yongxin Ye, Le Li, Chunhe Zhang, Zhen Li, Ping Wang, Crystal Yuri Oh, Atiq Nurani, Siwen Niu, Chengxin Zhang, Xiaoqiong Wei, Wanqiong Yuan, Hao Liao, Xiaojie Huang, Ning Wang, Wen-xia Tian, Hongwei Tian, Li Li, Xiaoheng Liu, Roberto Plebani
Summary: The study describes the generation of a live attenuated influenza A virus vaccine using PROTAC technology to degrade viral proteins via the host cell's ubiquitin-proteasome system. The vaccine showed highly attenuated and immune responses against both homologous and heterologous virus challenges in mouse and ferret models.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ji Dong, Zhenyuan Dong, Pei Feng, Yu Gao, Jiashun Li, Yang Wang, Lujie Han, Zhixia Li, Qian Wang, Xuefeng Niu, Chufang Li, Weiqi Pan, Ling Chen
Summary: This study successfully synthesized a new neuraminidase (NA) gene by modifying the codon bias preferences of murine. The gene plays a crucial role in the release and spread of progeny viral particles. By reconstructing nucleotides at the gene termini, the modified NA gene was able to be packaged into the viral genome, making it a potential candidate for a new live attenuated influenza vaccine. In mouse experiments, inoculation of the modified virus induced specific humoral, cell-mediated, and mucosal immune responses, protecting mice from both homologous and heterologous viral challenges. This method may provide a new approach for the development of improved and rapidly responsive live attenuated influenza vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Annika Graaf, Philipp P. Petric, Julia Sehl-Ewert, Dinah Henritzi, Angele Breithaupt, Jacqueline King, Anne Pohlmann, Fabian Deutskens, Martin Beer, Martin Schwemmle, Timm Harder
Summary: Given the challenges of antigenic drift and interference with maternal antibodies in controlling swine influenza A virus infections, researchers evaluated the safety and efficacy of cold-passaged and reassortment techniques for vaccine development. The results showed that reassortant-incompetent chimeric bat-swIAV candidates demonstrated good safety profiles and induced protective immunity in mice and pigs.
Article
Microbiology
Shelby Landreth, Susan Detmer, Volker Gerdts, Yan Zhou
Summary: The study designed a bivalent live attenuated influenza virus vaccine using Canadian swIAV isolates, which showed strong potential to protect swine against the predominant influenza subtypes in North America.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sergey Yegorov, Daniel B. Celeste, Kimberly Braz Gomes, Jann C. Ang, Colin Vandenhof, Joanne Wang, Ksenia Rybkina, Vanessa Tsui, Hannah D. Stacey, Mark Loeb, Matthew S. Miller
Summary: This study describes the significant boosting of a durable bNAb response through repeated seasonal influenza vaccination in a pediatric cohort. The boosting of serological bNAb titers is comparable within inactivated and live attenuated vaccinees and declines with age.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yo Han Jang, Baik L. Seong
Summary: Influenza virus infection poses a major public health challenge, with current vaccines potentially compromised by viral antigenic changes. Efforts are underway to develop a universal influenza vaccine that provides long-lasting and broad protection. Immune responses induced by live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), including neutralizing antibodies, T cell responses, and mucosal immunity, show promising potential for serving as attractive platforms for a universal influenza vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Minjin Kim, Yucheol Cheong, Jinhee Lee, Jongkwan Lim, Sanguine Byun, Yo Han Jang, Baik Lin Seong
Summary: This study demonstrated that caspase-triggered live attenuated influenza vaccine induced broad reactive antibody response and provided heterosubtypic protection against diverse influenza viruses in mice model. The protection relied on non-neutralizing antibodies-mediated ADCC activities and robust mucosal secretion of sIgA, which highlight the potential of this vaccine as a promising option for developing a universal influenza vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ying Wang, Chen Yang, Yutong Song, J. Robert Coleman, Marcin Stawowczyk, Juliana Tafrova, Sybil Tasker, David Boltz, Robert Baker, Liliana Garcia, Olivia Seale, Anna Kushnir, Eckard Wimmer, Steffen Mueller
Summary: COVI-VAC is an attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine currently in development, which was engineered by recoding a segment of the viral spike protein and deleting the furin cleavage site for added safety. Studies have shown that intranasal vaccination with COVI-VAC in Syrian golden hamsters resulted in lower tissue viral loads, milder lung pathology, and reduced weight loss compared to those inoculated with wild-type virus. Additionally, COVI-VAC generated similar levels of spike IgG antibodies and plaque reduction neutralization titers as wild-type virus inoculation, and provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Young Jae Lee, Ji Eun Yu, Paul Kim, Jeong-Yoon Lee, Yu Cheol Cheong, Yoon Jae Lee, Jun Chang, Baik Lin Seong
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seung Won Yang, Yo Han Jang, Soon Bin Kwon, Yoon Jae Lee, Wonil Chae, Young Ho Byun, Paul Kim, Chan Park, Young Jae Lee, Choon Kang Kim, Young Seok Kim, Seong Il Choi, Baik Lin Seong
Article
Microbiology
Young J. Lee, Jeong Y. Lee, Yo H. Jang, Sang-Uk Seo, Jun Chang, Baik L. Seong
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Microbiology
Leonid Yurkovetskiy, Mehmet Hakan Guney, Kyusik Kim, Shih Lin Goh, Sean McCauley, Ann Dauphin, William E. Diehl, Jeremy Luban
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Cell Biology
Abhilash Chiramel, Nicholas R. Meyerson, Kristin L. McNally, Rebecca M. Broeckel, Vanessa R. Montoya, Omayra Mendez-Solis, Shelly J. Robertson, Gail L. Sturdevant, Kirk J. Lubick, Vinod Nair, Brian H. Youseff, Robin M. Ireland, Catharine M. Bosio, Kyusik Kim, Jeremy Luban, Vanessa M. Hirsch, R. Travis Taylor, Fadila Bouamr, Sara L. Sawyer, Sonja M. Best
Article
Microbiology
Kyusik Kim, Ann Dauphin, Sevnur Komurlu, Sean M. McCauley, Leonid Yurkovetskiy, Claudia Carbone, William E. Diehl, Caterina Strambio-De-Castillia, Edward M. Campbell, Jeremy Luban
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Yetao Wang, Lawrence Lifshitz, Kyle Gellatly, Carol L. Vinton, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Sean McCauley, Pranitha Vangala, Kyusik Kim, Alan Derr, Smita Jaiswal, Alper Kucukural, Patrick McDonel, Peter W. Hunt, Thomas Greenough, JeanMarie Houghton, Ma Somsouk, Jacob D. Estes, Jason M. Brenchley, Manuel Garber, Steven G. Deeks, Jeremy Luban
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eun-Ji Choi, Young Jae Lee, Jin-Moo Lee, Yeon-Jung Kim, Jang-Hoon Choi, Byeongwoo Ahn, Kisoon Kim, Myung Guk Han
Article
Immunology
Ju-yeon Choi, Young Jae Lee, Jae-Hoon Ko, Su-Hwan Kim, Hye-Jin Kim, Hye Won Lee, Hyeonji Jeong, Tae-Yong Kim, Yeong Gyeong Jang, Hyo-jeong Hong, Min-Seong Kim, Sang Eun Lee, Yong Guan Kim, Eun Joo Chung, Heeji Lim, Sundong Jang, Kwangwook Kim, Sung Soon Kim, Jin Young Ahn, Jun Yong Choi, Yong Chan Kim, Yoon Soo Park, Kyong Ran Peck, Byoungguk Kim
Summary: Three vaccination schedules using three doses of BNT or ChAd vaccines were found to strengthen neutralizing activity against Delta and Omicron variants.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shi-Jian Song, Heeyeon Kim, Eun Young Jang, Hyungmin Jeon, Hai-Ping Diao, Md Rezaul Islam Khan, Mi-Seon Lee, Young Jae Lee, Jeong-hyun Nam, Seong-Ryeol Kim, Young-Jin Kim, Eun-Ju Sohn, Inhwan Hwang, Jang-Hoon Choi
Summary: This study generated a candidate COVID-19 vaccine by expressing recombinant S proteins in tobacco, which induced immune responses and cross-neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants in mouse and knock-in mouse models.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jung Yeon Heo, Yu Bin Seo, Eun Jin Kim, Jacob Lee, Young Rong Kim, Jin Gu Yoon, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Soo-Young Yoon, Ju-Yeon Choi, Young Jae Lee, Hye Won Lee, Sung Soon Kim, Byoungguk Kim, Joon Young Song
Summary: This study evaluated the association between reactogenicity and immunogenicity after vaccination with different COVID-19 vaccines. It found that systemic adverse events after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 may be related to proinflammatory cytokine responses, while fever after the second dose of BNT162b2 is positively correlated with vaccine-induced immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Min Joo Choi, Jung Yeon Heo, Yu Bin Seo, Young Kyung Yoon, Jang Wook Sohn, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Ju-yeon Choi, Hwa Jung Kim, Young Jae Lee, Hye Won Lee, Sung Soon Kim, Byoungguk Kim, Joon Young Song
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the humoral and cellular immune response to the mRNA-1273 vaccine through a prospective longitudinal cohort. The results showed that the two-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination induced a strong antibody response that remained elevated over time. A higher peak antibody titer was associated with better cross-reactive immunity against Delta and Omicron variants and longer-lasting humoral immunity. Overall, the cellular immune response was not correlated with antibody titers.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Young Jae Lee, Ju-yeon Choi, Jinyoung Yang, Jin Yang Baek, Hye-Jin Kim, Su-Hwan Kim, Hyeonji Jeong, Min-Seong Kim, Hye Won Lee, Garim Kang, Eun Joo Chung, Tae-Yong Kim, Hyo-jeong Hong, Sang Eun Lee, Yeong Gyeong Jang, Sung Soon Kim, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Ko, Byoungguk Kim
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in group immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccination and BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infections (BIs) in a healthcare worker cohort. The longitudinal kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against circulating variants were investigated, and it was confirmed that BA.1/BA.2 BIs enhance the magnitude and durability of cross-neutralization against BA.1 and BA.5. Correlation equations between semi-quantitative anti-spike antibody and plaque reduction neutralization test titers were deduced using a linear regression model. The estimated group immunity suggests that the augmented immunity and flattened waning slope through BI could correlate with the overall outbreak size. These findings provide valuable insights for establishing public health strategies against future endemicity.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hakjun Hyun, Min Joo Choi, Jung Yeon Heo, Yu Bin Seo, Eliel Nham, Jin Gu Yoon, Hye Seong, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Ju-Yeon Choi, Young Jae Lee, Hye Won Lee, Sung Soon Kim, Byoungguk Kim, Joon Young Song
Summary: In this study, a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was found to be safe and effective in healthy adults in South Korea. Antibody titers and specific T-cell immunity peaked at 5-8 weeks after vaccination and decreased at 10-12 weeks. However, cross-reactive neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was negligible.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean Matthew McCauley, Kyusik Kim, Anetta Nowosielska, Ann Dauphin, Leonid Yurkovetskiy, William Edward Diehl, Jeremy Luban
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.