Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Gomez-Perosanz, Jose L. Sanchez-Trincado, Miguel Fernandez-Arquero, John Sidney, Alessandro Sette, Esther M. Lafuente, Pedro A. Reche
Summary: This study identified and characterized 23 conserved HRV-specific CD8 T cell epitopes on PBMCs from 14 HLA I typed subjects, confirming peptide-specific IFN gamma production and binding to the relevant HLA I for nine of these epitopes. The study also validated cytotoxicity mediated by A*02:01-restricted epitopes and discovered an unusually long 16-mer epitope peptide restricted by A*02:01. These HRV-specific CD8 T cell epitopes are expected to elicit CD8 T cell responses in up to 87% of the population and could be crucial for developing an HRV vaccine.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gayathri Anandhan, Yogesh B. Narkhede, Manikandan Mohan, Premasudha Paramasivam
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a contagious viral pathogen that causes serious respiratory infection in adults and neonates. The monoclonal antibodies palivizumab and motavizumab are the only approved treatments for RSV, but they are expensive and require hospital administration. In this study, in silico prediction methods were used to identify potential vaccine targets for RSV. By analyzing the entire proteome of RSV strain A, 70 potential immunogenic epitopes were identified, including 13 experimentally verified epitopes.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kim Chiok, Swechha M. Pokharel, Indira Mohanty, Lindsay Grace Miller, Shou-Jiang Gao, Arthur L. Haas, Kim C. Tran, Michael N. Teng, Santanu Bose
Summary: Understanding the interaction between RSV and the host is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study identifies the RSV nonstructural protein NS2 as the key component in activating autophagy by modulating the ISGylation of Beclin1.
Article
Microbiology
Kim Chiok, Swechha M. Pokharel, Indira Mohanty, Lindsay Grace Miller, Shou-Jiang Gao, Arthur L. Haas, Kim C. Tran, Michael N. Teng, Santanu Bose
Summary: Paramyxoviruses like RSV are a leading cause of viral pneumonia in infants. This study identified the viral protein NS2 as mediating autophagy induction by RSV, providing a potential target for interventions against RSV.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alaa Ahmad, Kingsley Eze, Nicolas Noulin, Veronika Horvathova, Bryan Murray, Mark Baillet, Laura Grey, Julie Mori, Nathalie Adda
Summary: The study demonstrated that EDP-938 was superior to placebo in reducing RSV viral load, total symptom scores, and mucus weight, with a favorable safety profile.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
C. Garrett Rappazzo, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Scott A. Rush, Emma S. Esterman, Teresa Delgado, James C. Geoghegan, Anna Z. Wec, Mrunal Sakharkar, Vicente Mas, Jason S. McLellan, Laura M. Walker
Summary: In this study, the B cell responses to hMPV were investigated using high-throughput single-cell technology, and rare and highly potent broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting specific epitopes were identified. Additionally, monotherapy with neutralizing antibodies targeting different antigenic sites showed effective protection against lower respiratory tract infection. This study provides promising monoclonal antibody candidates for passive immunoprophylaxis and informs the design of hMPV vaccines.
Article
Virology
Olayinka O. Idris, Olatunji M. Kolawole
Summary: This study evaluated the seroprevalence and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus among children in Nigeria. The findings showed a correlation between HRSV and HAdV infection in children with factors such as age, fever, and cough. Furthermore, viral coinfection with HRSV and HAdV was not observed.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chandrav De, Raymond J. Pickles, Wenbo Yao, Baolin Liao, Allison Boone, Mingyu Choi, Diana M. Battaglia, Frederic B. Askin, Jason K. Whitmire, Guido Silvestri, J. Victor Garcia, Angel Wahl
Summary: RSV infection causes severe morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups. The study demonstrated the extensive lung damage, proinflammatory immune response and protective adaptive immune response against RSV infection. Human T cells, specifically primed CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells, played a key role in controlling RSV replication in the absence of RSV-specific antibodies. These findings support the development of RSV vaccines to improve efficacy by inducing effective T cell responses.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shimon Amar, Yonat Shemer Avni, Norm O'Rourke, Tal Michael
Summary: The study examines the incidence rates of infectious diseases after a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the lifting of social restrictions in Israel. The results suggest that the rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections have increased, indicating that similar trends could occur in other countries.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Margot Miranda-Katz, John J. Erickson, Jie Lan, Alwyn Ecker, Yu Zhang, Sebastian Joyce, John Williams
Summary: The study identified 6 HLA-B7-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitopes in mice infected with HMPV, with M195-203 (M195) eliciting the strongest response. Immunization with pooled HLA-B7-restricted peptides reduced viral titer and protected mice from virulent infection. CD8(+) T cells from HLA-B7 positive humans also recognize the identified epitopes, providing valuable information for future HMPV vaccine design.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David L. Rose, Katie L. Reagin, Kimberly E. Oliva, S. Mark Tompkins, Kimberly D. Klonowski
Summary: NK cells play a crucial role in the development of anti-influenza CD8(+) T cell memory, and their removal results in an increase in influenza-specific memory CD8(+) T cells. Protection in NK-deficient animals during primary influenza infection is attributed to rapid reactivation of lung tissue-resident (T-RM) memory cells. Additionally, the development of T-RM is independent of global and NK cell-derived IFN-gamma.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zaid Haddadin, Stockton Beveridge, Kailee Fernandez, Danielle A. Rankin, Varvara Probst, Andrew J. Spieker, Tiffanie M. Markus, Laura S. Stewart, William Schaffner, Mary Lou Lindegren, Natasha Halasa
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in hospitalized children. RSV-positive children were more likely to be hospitalized, require intensive care unit admission, and receive oxygen compared with children positive for other viruses. Higher viral load, White race, younger age, and higher severity score were independently associated with hospitalization in RSV-positive children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xin Cheng, Gan Zhao, Aihua Dong, Zhonghuai He, Jiarong Wang, Brian Jiang, Bo Wang, Miaomiao Wang, Xuefen Huai, Shijie Zhang, Shuangshuang Feng, Hong Qin, Bin Wang
Summary: This study conducted a first-in-human trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity response of the BARS13 vaccine in healthy adults. The vaccine demonstrated good safety and tolerability, and there were no significant differences in adverse reaction severity or frequency between different dose groups. The immune response in repeat-dose recipients showed potential for further study and guiding the dose selection for future studies.
Article
Immunology
Andrew Nishimoto, Nicholas Wohlgemuth, Jason Rosch, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Valerie Cortez, Hannah M. Rowe
Summary: Bacterial, fungal, and helminthic species within the microbiome of mammalian hosts have significant effects on health and disease. Pathogenic viruses have evolved to interact with and potentially exploit or evade the microbiome during infection. Recent research has highlighted both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between the microbiome and pathogenic viruses, showcasing the complexity of their relationship.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Takashi Ono, Koichi Hashimoto, Yohei Kume, Mina Chishiki, Hisao Okabe, Masatoki Sato, Sakurako Norito, Jumpei Aso, Mitsuru Sada, Izumi Mochizuki, Fumi Mashiyama, Naohisa Ishibashi, Shigeo Suzuki, Hiroko Sakuma, Reiko Suwa, Miyuki Kawase, Makoto Takeda, Kazuya Shirato, Hirokazu Kimura, Mitsuaki Hosoya
Summary: Understanding the molecular diversity of human respiratory syncytial viruses during pandemics caused by different viruses can provide insights that can guide public health decisions and vaccine development.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)