Review
Urology & Nephrology
Michelle Higgins, J. Peter Marquardt, Viraj A. Master, Florian J. Fintelmann, Sarah P. Psutka
Summary: Body composition analysis (BCA) uses objective anthropometric data to inform urologic prognostication and treatment decisions. Machine learning (ML) has the potential to automate and scale accurate BCA, relying on convolutional neural networks to analyze images. This review discusses the use of ML in BCA and its translation into clinical practice.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Henning Wackerhage, Ivan J. Vechetti, Philipp Baumert, Sebastian Gehlert, Lore Becker, Richard T. Jaspers, Martin Hrabe de Angelis
Summary: There are metabolic differences between growing and non-growing tissues, and hypertrophying muscle reprograms its metabolism similar to cancer cells. Increased glucose uptake in hypertrophying muscle may explain the negative association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Saori Onishi, Akira Fukuda, Masahiro Matsui, Kosuke Ushiro, Tomohiro Nishikawa, Akira Asai, Soo Ki Kim, Hiroki Nishikawa
Summary: This study examined body composition using bioimpedance analysis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The results showed a strong correlation between fat-free mass index (FF index) and muscle mass index. BMI and fat mass index were significant factors linked to FF index.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicolas Busse, Madison L. Gonzalez, Ashley L. Wagner, Sally E. Johnson
Summary: This study found that supplementation with calcium butyrate in adult Thoroughbred geldings increased the percentage of type IIA fibers and reduced the numbers of type IIX fibers in the gluteus medius muscle. The increase in type IIA fibers suggests that calcium butyrate may affect myosin ATPase expression independent of altered metabolism. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of action and validate the improved exercise performance in response to calcium butyrate supplementation in equine skeletal muscle.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kamar Ghaibour, Melanie Schuh, Sirine Souali-Crespo, Celine Chambon, Anouk Charlot, Joe Rizk, Daniela Rovito, Anna-Isavella Rerra, Qingshuang Cai, Nadia Messaddeq, Joffrey Zoll, Delphine Duteil, Daniel Metzger
Summary: Disrupting the androgen/androgen receptor axis impairs glycolytic activity and promotes the development of type 2 diabetes in male mice, but not in females. It also leads to oxidative stress and necrosis in muscle fibers.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xin Zhang, Ke Deng, Yulai Yuan, Lei Liu, Shuwen Zhang, Changyong Wang, Gang Wang, Hongping Zhang, Lei Wang, Gaiping Cheng, Lisa G. Wood, Gang Wang
Summary: This study identified three distinct clusters of asthma patients based on body composition, which showed significant differences in clinical features and asthma outcomes. The importance of evaluating body composition for determining nutritional status in clinical practice was reinforced by the data.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ayoung Kim, Ja Hyun Koo, Xing Jin, Wondong Kim, Shi-Young Park, Sunghyouk Park, Eugene P. Rhee, Cheol Soo Choi, Sang Geon Kim
Summary: The research findings demonstrate the crucial role of USP21 in skeletal muscle in regulating myofibre type switch, muscle mass control, mitochondrial function, and heat generation, suggesting the potential of USP21 and its downstream substrates network as targets for treating and preventing muscle dysfunction and associated metabolic diseases.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Frederic Nicolas Daussin, Alexane Cuillerier, Julianne Touron, Samir Bensaid, Bruno Melo, Ali Al Rewashdy, Goutham Vasam, Keir J. Menzies, Mary-Ellen Harper, Elsa Heyman, Yan Burelle
Summary: The study found that cocoa flavanols supplementation can improve mitochondrial function and whole-body metabolism, particularly by stimulating NAD metabolism and enhancing the function of Sirt3. These findings suggest that cocoa flavanols may help improve metabolic efficiency in the body.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gyu Seok Oh, Ju-Hak Lee, Kyunghee Byun, Dong-Il Kim, Ki Deok Park
Summary: The study confirmed that combining resistance exercise with leucine-rich protein supplements is more effective in preventing sarcopenia in the elderly than just performing resistance exercise alone.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sihan Meng, Yanli Zhang, Shipeng Lv, Zhengkai Zhang, Xuexue Liu, Lin Jiang
Summary: This study observed muscle glycogen, enzyme activities, and LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics in two different horse breeds to explore the differentiated metabolites related to muscle development. The results showed significant differences in glycogen content and enzyme activity between the two breeds, and identified various metabolites associated with muscle development, including antioxidants, amino acids, and lipids.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Soyoko Kaburaki, Eri Yoshimura, Yasushi Miyamoto, Shungo Imai, Hitoshi Kashiwagi, Hidefumi Ueno, Mitsuru Sugawara, Yoh Takekuma
Summary: Dosage adjustment is important for older individuals due to liver function decline and body composition changes. This study examined hepatic drug metabolism in older individuals and found that low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was associated with reduced CYP2C19 metabolic activity in male patients, while high hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was associated with reduced CYP2C19 metabolic activity in female patients. Additionally, low CYP3A4 metabolic activity was correlated with low handgrip strength in male patients.
GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Cristiana R. Bromberger, Julia Rodrigues Costa, Mariana Herman, Juliana Mira Hernandez, Lukas Garrido Albertino, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca Alves, Alexandre S. Borges, Jose P. Oliveira-Filho
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV) in equine aural plaque samples. PCR analysis revealed that EcPVs 2, 7, 8, and 9 were not detected in any of the evaluated samples, suggesting that these viral types are not involved in the etiology of equine aural plaque in Brazil. EcPV 6 was the most prevalent (81%), followed by EcPVs 3 (72%), 4 (63%), and 5 (47%), emphasizing their important role in the etiology of equine aural plaque in Brazil.
JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stefano Sbrignadello, Christian Goebl, Andrea Tura
Summary: Sarcopenia is a severe complication in type 2 diabetes, and nutritional aspects play a role in its development. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an effective and cost-efficient method to assess body composition in T2DM patients with sarcopenia or at risk. However, more validation studies are needed in this specific population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yuxin Li, Zhen Huang, Yan Gong, Yansong Zheng, Qiang Zeng
Summary: This study explores the relationship between bone mineral density and body composition indicators in Chinese adults aged 50 and above. It found that age, smoking, homocysteine levels, and blood glucose levels are independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Increasing body weight, particularly lean muscle mass, while controlling body fat percentage, can reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dirk L. Christensen, Theonest K. Mutabingwa, Ib C. Bygbjerg, Allan A. Vaag, Louise G. Grunnet, Fanny Lajeunesse-Trempe, Jannie Nielsen, Christentze Schmiegelow, Kaushik L. Ramaiya, Kathryn H. Myburgh
Summary: This study assessed muscle fibre distribution 20 years after placental and/or peripheral in-utero malaria exposure. The results showed that there were no differences in muscle fibre types or enzymatic activity between the malaria-exposed and non-exposed groups. The findings supported the idea that the mild elevations of plasma glucose levels in people exposed to placental malaria in pregnancy were due to compromised pancreatic insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
P. A. Harris, J. L. L. Rivero
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
M. J. Sanchez, P. J. Azor, A. Molina, T. Parkin, J. L. L. Rivero, M. Valera
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
C. L. McGivney, J. Sweeney, F. David, J. M. O'Leary, E. W. Hill, L. M. Katz
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
C. L. McGivney, K. F. Gough, B. A. McGivney, G. Farries, E. W. Hill, L. M. Katz
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
C. L. McGivney, J. Sweeney, K. F. Gough, E. W. Hill, L. M. Katz
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
C. L. McGivney, J. Sweeney, K. F. Gough, E. W. Hill, L. M. Katz
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Biology
Jose-Luis L. Rivero
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
E. W. Hill, B. A. McGivney, M. F. Rooney, L. M. Katz, A. Parnell, D. E. MacHugh
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. J. Sanchez-Guerrero, J. Ramos, M. Valdes, J-L. L. Rivero, M. Valera
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haige Han, Beatrice A. McGivney, Gabriella Farries, Lisa M. Katz, David E. MacHugh, Imtiaz A. S. Randhawa, Emmeline W. Hill
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beatrice A. McGivney, Haige Han, Leanne R. Corduff, Lisa M. Katz, Teruaki Tozaki, David E. MacHugh, Emmeline W. Hill
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Biology
Emmeline W. Hill, Martin A. Stoffel, Beatrice A. McGivney, David E. MacHugh, Josephine M. Pemberton
Summary: This study used genomic data from horses to investigate the effects of inbreeding on race performance and identified a genetic haplotype associated with a reduced probability of racing and increased risk of musculoskeletal injury.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Amy R. Holtby, Thomas J. Hall, Beatrice A. McGivney, Haige Han, Keith J. Murphy, David E. MacHugh, Lisa M. Katz, Emmeline W. Hill
Summary: Using genomics analyses, we identified SNPs associated with behaviour in yearling Thoroughbred horses, which help horses adapt to training and reduce stress. These SNPs are near genes involved in social behaviour, autism spectrum disorder, suicide, stress-induced anxiety and depression, Alzheimer's disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuroinflammatory disease, fear-induced behaviours, and alcohol and cocaine addiction. These findings contribute to improving racehorse welfare by developing genetic markers.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emmeline W. W. Hill, Beatrice A. A. McGivney, David E. E. MacHugh
Summary: The proportion of the genome containing runs of homozygosity affects production traits in livestock populations. In European and Australasian Thoroughbreds, inbreeding quantified using ROH is associated with the probability of ever racing. In North American Thoroughbred horses, F-ROH was not associated with the probability of ever racing but was significantly associated with the number of race starts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mary F. Rooney, Nuno G. B. Neto, Michael G. Monaghan, Emmeline W. Hill, Richard K. Porter
Summary: Researchers established three novel equine muscle cell lines, reflecting the characteristics associated with the MSTN gene in horses. The cell lines showed similar phenotype and metabolic function to ex vivo muscle samples with different genotypes. This study contributes to understanding equine muscle metabolism, testing nutritional supplements, developing drug and gene doping tests.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
L. Alibrandi, R. Tognetti, O. Domenech, M. Croce, M. Giuntoli, G. Grosso, T. Vezzosi
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility and diagnostic reliability of a new smartphone-based ECG device in dogs, and found no significant differences compared to a traditional ECG device. The results suggest that the smartphone-based device is clinically reliable for assessing heart rate and rhythm in dogs.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2024)