Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christine S. Benn, Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer, Sebastian Nielsen, Mihai G. Netea, Peter Aaby
Summary: We reviewed the randomized control trials of mRNA and adenovirus-vector COVID-19 vaccines to examine their possible non-specific effects. The mortality risk ratios (RRs) for mRNA COVID-19 vaccines vs. placebo recipients and adenovirus-vector COVID-19 vaccine recipients vs. controls were calculated. The overall mortality RR for mRNA vaccines vs. placebo was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-1.71), while for adenovirus-vector vaccines, it was 0.37 (0.19-0.70). There was a significant difference between the two vaccine types in terms of overall mortality impact (p = 0.015). The unblinded and vaccinated control groups in the COVID-19 vaccine RCTs may not represent long-term effects. Randomized control trials comparing long-term effects on overall mortality between mRNA and adenovirus-vector vaccines are warranted.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming-Han Tsai, Chih-Yung Chiu
Summary: Vaccination is crucial for reducing infectious diseases in children, but concerns about vaccine safety can lead to incomplete immunization. It is important to understand allergic reactions to vaccines, their mechanisms, and management strategies to ensure the safest care. This review provides an overview of allergic reactions to vaccines and offers recommendations for diagnosis and management in children with suspected allergies.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christine Stabell Benn, Nelly Amenyogbe, Anders Bjorkman, Jorge Dominguez-Andres, Eleanor N. Fish, Katie L. Flanagan, Sabra L. Klein, Tobias R. Kollmann, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Mihai G. Netea, Naja Hulvej Rod, Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer, Frank Shann, Liisa Selin, Sanne M. Thysen, Peter Aaby
Summary: The current framework for testing and regulating vaccines needs to be updated to consider the non-specific effects of vaccines, which can affect all-cause mortality and morbidity in ways that are not explained by the prevention of the targeted disease. Immunological studies have provided mechanisms that explain how vaccines might modulate the immune response to unrelated pathogens. Non-specific effects are often greater in female individuals. Currently, these effects are not routinely captured in clinical trials or post-licensure safety surveillance, but a new framework is proposed to address this issue.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter Aaby, Mihai G. Netea, Christine S. Benn
Summary: Live attenuated vaccines may provide beneficial non-specific effects against vaccine-unrelated infections. Understanding these effects has been studied in children, but research on adults and older adults is of interest. This article proposes a framework for analyzing the non-specific effects of live attenuated vaccines against pandemic potential infections, highlighting endpoints, revaccination, coadministration, vaccine sequence, immune response modification, and subgroup analysis by sex.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pouria Mosaddeghi, Farbod Shahabinezhad, Mohammadreza Dorvash, Mojtaba Goodarzi, Manica Negahdaripour
Summary: No proven remedy for COVID-19 has been identified yet. Boosting immune responses may be beneficial as impaired immunity activation in some patients leads to high mortalities. Co-administration of BCG vaccine with interferon-alpha/-beta or influenza vaccine is suggested as a potential strategy to overcome its shortcomings and enhance immune defenses against COVID-19. Further studies are recommended to assess the outcomes of such interventions and potential adverse effects.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Gerhard Trunk, Masa Davidovic, Julia Bohlius
Summary: Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine reduces the risk of respiratory infections and all-cause mortality, but does not have a significant protective effect on other infections, COVID-19, sepsis, or hospitalization. BCG vaccination may provide partial protection against non-tuberculosis respiratory infections and could be beneficial in pandemic preparedness and reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Catalina Contreras, Raul Alegria-Moran, Mario Duchens, Pedro Abalos, Renata Lopez, Patricio Retamal
Summary: This study describes the specific and non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in calves from a commercial dairy herd in central Chile. The results show that the BCG vaccine provides a certain level of protection against Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and has positive effects on health parameters. However, these non-specific effects may be influenced by factors such as animal breed and season.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Anne Des Roches, Francois Graham, Philippe Begin, Louis Paradis, Michael Gold
Summary: The development and widespread use of vaccines have significantly impacted public health by preventing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Most people tolerate vaccines well, and healthcare providers play a critical role in maintaining public confidence in vaccines.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Wenping Gong, Ashok Aspatwar, Shuyong Wang, Seppo Parkkila, Xueqiong Wu
Summary: This study reviewed the concept and mechanisms of trained immunity induced by the BCG vaccine and presented details of current BCG vaccine clinical trials. The advantages of the BCG vaccine may be essential in overcoming the challenges faced by COVID-19 vaccines.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Francesco Bellinato, Martina Maurelli, Paolo Gisondi, Giampiero Girolomoni
Summary: This review summarizes the cutaneous adverse reactions associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, categorizing them into new onset reactions and flares of preexisting dermatoses. Injection site reactions are the most common, affecting 30-70% of cases and generally mild or moderate.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sintayehu M. Arega, Darryn L. Knobel, Felix N. Toka, Anne Conan
Summary: Recent studies have revealed the additional effects of vaccines known as non-specific effects (NSEs) or heterologous effects of vaccines. This review examines the findings of published studies on NSEs of vaccines developed or repurposed for use in animals, indicating that most vaccines have beneficial NSEs against multiple pathogens and disease conditions. However, there are also a few studies reporting detrimental NSEs from both non-live and live vaccines.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Te-Liang Yang, Chieh-Ming Lee, Kuan-Lin Lee, Ting-Yu Yen, Chun-Yi Lu, Ping-Ing Lee, Chun-Min Chen, Li-Min Huang, Luan-Yin Chang
Summary: Clinical features of tuberculosis and BCG adverse effects in children vary, with more fever, lower lymphocyte count, and higher CRP level observed in patients with EPTB plus PTB. The median time interval from BCG vaccination to diagnosis of BCG osteomyelitis was 16.4 months, unaffected by delayed vaccination in this study.
JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wenyue Gu, Yangjie Xu, Xiaohong Chen, Hao Jiang
Summary: This study assessed the characteristics of NSCLC therapeutic vaccines registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The results showed that the number of clinical trials has been increasing in recent years, but they lack randomized control and masking, and recruit less than 50 participants.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Patrick Santos, Fausto Almeida
Summary: Extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and immune response, while also being implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancer and infectious diseases. Research suggests that EV-based vaccines have promising therapeutic potential for cancer and infectious diseases, showing exciting results in inducing immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Allergy
Krzysztof Rutkowski, Rita Mirakian, Stephen Till, Ryszard Rutkowski, Annette Wagner
Summary: COVID-19 vaccines can reduce severity of infection and prevent deaths, but limited data on triggers and mechanisms of anaphylaxis exist. Therefore, we propose an innovative allergy support model and practical investigation algorithm for anaphylaxis to these vaccines.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Janne Weis, Sanne Allermann Beck, Andreas Jensen, Anne Brodsgaard, Jos M. M. Latour, Gorm Greisen
Summary: In this study, a Danish version of the EMPATHIC-N questionnaire was translated and validated, and its psychometric properties were assessed. The shorter version of the questionnaire showed better model fit and reliability.
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Ulrikka Nygaard, Nikolai Soren Kirkby, Kia Hee Schultz Dungu, Kim G. Nielsen, Tania Masmas, Klaus Juul, Peter Born, Soren Buus, Lone Graff Stensballe
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Signe Holst Soegaard, Maria Spanggaard, Klaus Rostgaard, Mads Kamper-Jorgensen, Lone Graff Stensballe, Kjeld Schmiegelow, Henrik Hjalgrim
Summary: Early childcare enrolment is associated with a modest increase in the cumulative number of antimicrobial-treated infections throughout childhood and adolescence, and this increase is not compensated by lower infection risk later in life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Mohamed El-Dib, Nicholas S. J. Abend, Topun Austin, Geraldine Boylan, Valerie Chock, M. Roberta Cilio, Gorm Greisen, Lena Hellstroem-Westas, Petra Lemmers, Adelina Pellicer, Ronit Pressler, Arnold Sansevere, Tammy Tsuchida, Sampsa Vanhatalo, Courtney J. Wusthoff
Summary: The development of neonatal neurocritical care in the past decade has shown significant progress in neuromonitoring and neuroprotection. Commonly used brain monitoring tools in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) include amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG), full multichannel continuous EEG (cEEG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). However, there is no consensus on the consistent and efficient use of these modalities in common NICU scenarios. This review summarizes current evidence for the best utilization of neuromonitoring modalities in neonates with encephalopathy or possible seizures.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Louise Faurholt Obro, Palle Jorn Sloth Osther, Jette Ammentorp, Gitte Thybo Pihl, Peter Gall Krogh, Charlotte Handberg
Summary: Research shows that combining mHealth and health coaching can improve patients' well-being. Nurse coaches play a significant role in interpreting patients' tracked data. However, integrating mHealth may lead to conflicting expectations for nurse coaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Signe V. V. Pedersen, Rikke Wiingreen, Bo M. Hansen, Gorm Greisen, Mads L. Larsen, Christina E. Hoei-Hansen
Summary: This study investigates the performance of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the Danish school system and identifies factors associated with school performance. The results show that children with CP are less likely to complete elementary school compared to those without CP and have lower overall grades. The study concludes that the complex needs of children with CP may present challenges in an inclusive school environment.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Louise Laub Asserhoj, Ikram Mizrak, Gerda Ferja Heldarskard, Tine Dalsgaard Clausen, Eva R. Hoffmann, Gorm Greisen, Katharina M. Main, Per Lav Madsen, Rikke Beck Jensen, Anja Pinborg
Summary: The study found that BMI in childhood does not differ between children conceived after frozen embryo transfer (FET), fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET), or natural conception (NC). Previous studies have shown that high childhood BMI is strongly associated with obesity, cardiometabolic disease, and mortality in adulthood. Children conceived after FET have a higher risk of being born large for gestational age (LGA), which is associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. The study suggests that ART-induced epigenetic variations may influence fetal size at birth as well as BMI and health later in life.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mathias L. Hansen, Adelina Pellicer, Simon Hyttel-Srensen, Ebru Ergenekon, Tomasz Szczapa, Cornelia Hagmann, Gunnar Naulaers, Jonathan Mintzer, Monica Fumagalli, Gabriel Dimitriou, Eugene Dempsey, Jakub Tkaczyk, Guoqiang Cheng, Siv Fredly, Anne M. Heuchan, Gerhard Pichler, Hans Fuchs, Saudamini Nesargi, Gitte H. Hahn, Salvador Piris-Borregas, Jan Sirc, Miguel Alsina-Casanova, Martin Stocker, Hilal Ozkan, Kosmas Sarafidis, Andrew O. Hopper, Tanja Karen, Beata Rzepecka-Weglarz, Serife S. Oguz, Luis Arruza, Asli C. Memisoglu, Ruth del Rio Florentino, Mariana Baserga, Pierre Maton, Anita C. Truttmann, Isabel de las Cuevas, Peter Agergaard, Pamela Zafra, Lars Bender, Ryszard Lauterbach, Chantal Lecart, Julie de Buyst, Afif El-Khuffash, Anna Curley, Olalla O. Vaccarello, Jan Miletin, Evangelia Papathoma, Zachary Vesoulis, Giovanni Vento, Luc Cornette, Laura S. Lopez, Beril Yasa, Anja Klamer, Massimo Agosti, Olivier Baud, Emmanuele Mastretta, Merih Cetinkaya, Karen McCall, Shujuan Zeng, Eleftheria Hatzidaki, Agata Bargiel, Sylwia Marciniak, Xiaoyan Gao, Lin Huijia, Lina Chalak, Ling Yang, Shashidhar A. Rao, Xin Xu, Begona L. Gonzalez, Maria Wilinska, Zhaoqing Yin, Iwona Sadowska-Krawczenko, Itziar Serrano-Vinuales, Barbara Krolak-Olejnik, Marta M. Ybarra, Catalina Morales-Betancourt, Peter Korcek, Marta Teresa-Palacio, Fabio Mosca, Anja Hergenhan, Nilgun Koksal, Konstantia Tsoni, Munaf M. Kadri, Claudia Knoepfli, Elzbieta Rafinska-Wazny, Mustafa S. Akin, Tone Nordvik, Zhang Peng, Sinem G. Kersin, Liesbeth Thewissen, Ana Alarcon, David Healy, Berndt Urlesberger, Muenevver Bas, Jana Baumgartner, Eleni Skylogianni, Veronika Karadyova, Eva Valverde, Elena Bergon-Sendin, Jachym Kucera, Silvia Pisoni, Le Wang, Anne Smits, Rebeca Sanchez-Salmador, Marie I. Rasmussen, Markus H. Olsen, Aksel K. Jensen, Christian Gluud, Janus C. Jakobsen, Gorm Greisen
Summary: A multicenter, randomized trial found that treatment guided by cerebral oximetry monitoring for the first 72 hours after birth did not reduce the risk of death or severe brain injury at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in extremely preterm infants.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreas Jensen, Gorm Greisen, Thomas Hjuler, Lone Graff Stensballe
Summary: This study aimed to assess the utilization of surgery in Danish children aged 0-5 years from 1999 to 2018. The results showed that the overall incidence of surgical procedures did not increase during this period. It was also found that boys underwent more surgery than girls, and the rate of surgery decreased in public hospitals but increased in private specialist practices among children with severe chronic disease.
Article
Pediatrics
Emma Louise Malchau Carlsen, Kia Hee Schultz Dungu, Anna Lewis, Nadja Hawwa Vissing, Lise Aunsholt, Simon Trautner, Hristo Stanchev, Gholamreza Krog Dayani, Anne-Janet L. Pedersen, Mia Bjerager, Maria De Salas, Kristian Vestergaard, Pernille Pedersen, Niels Frimodt-Moller, Gorm Greisen, Bo Molholm Hansen, Ulrikka Nygaard
Summary: This study evaluated the implementation of switch therapy from intravenous to oral antibiotic treatment in neonates with early-onset infection. The results showed that switch therapy was safe and effective in relieving the treatment burden for neonates, caregivers, and healthcare systems.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Charlotte Carina Holm-Hansen, Stine Lund, Tine Bruhn Skytte, Jil Molenaar, Christina Nadia Steensgaard, Ulfat Amour Mohd, Said Mzee, Said Mouhammed Ali, Jesper Kjaergaard, Gorm Greisen, Jette Led Sorensen, Anja Poulsen
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for neonatal mortality, quality of neonatal resuscitation, and identify areas for improvement. The study found significant deviations from guidelines in the quality of care for neonatal resuscitation, despite 87.5% of health workers being trained in this area. The videos provided direct evidence of gaps in care and highlighted the need for future education in effective positive pressure ventilation.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Anne Mette Plomgaard, Nathan Stevenson, James A. Roberts, Tue Hvass Petersen, Sampsa Vanhatalo, Gorm Greisen, SafeBoosC-II study group
Summary: Automated computational measures of EEG in extremely preterm infants were found to be predictive of neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years of age. The association between EEG measures and neurodevelopment in childhood was confirmed in this study, and the measure appears to be robust to differences in electrodes, amplifiers, and filters.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Linander Vestager, Mathias Luehr Hansen, Marie Isabel Rasmussen, Gitte Holst Hahn, Simon Hyttel-Sorensen, Adelina Pellicer, Anne Marie Heuchan, Cornelia Hagmann, Eugene Dempsey, Gabriel Dimitriou, Gerhard Pichler, Gunnar Naulaers, Hans Fuchs, Jakub Tkaczyk, Jonathan Mintzer, Monica Fumagalli, Saudamini Nesargi, Siv Fredly, Tomasz Szczapa, Christian Gluud, Janus Christian Jakobsen, Gorm Greisen
Summary: The SafeBoosC-IIIv trial aims to evaluate the benefits and harms of cerebral oximetry added to usual care versus usual care in mechanically ventilated newborns. This randomized clinical trial, involving 3000 participants from multiple countries, will assess outcomes such as mortality rate and neurodevelopmental disabilities. The findings from this study will provide important guidance for neonatal intensive care and treatment of brain injuries.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marie Isabel Rasmussen, Mathias Luhr Hansen, Adelina Pellicer, Christian Gluud, Eugene Dempsey, Jonathan Mintzer, Simon Hyttel-Sorensen, Anne Marie Heuchan, Cornelia Hagmann, Ebru Ergenekon, Gabriel Dimitriou, Gerhard Pichler, Gunnar Naulaers, Guoqiang Cheng, Jakub Tkaczyk, Hans Fuchs, Monica Fumagalli, Saudamini Nesargi, Siv Fredly, Tomasz Szczapa, Anne Mette Plomgaard, Bo Molholm Hansen, Janus Christian Jakobsen, Gorm Greisen
Summary: The SafeBoosC-III follow-up study aims to assess mortality, neurodevelopmental disability, or any harm in trial participants at 2 years of corrected age. The lack of funding for trial-specific assessment local costs is a challenge that needs to be addressed.
Article
Pediatrics
Helene Kildegaard, Lars Christian Lund, Anton Pottegard, Lone Graff Stensballe
Summary: This study assessed the real-world effectiveness of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV-4) in children aged 2-6 years. The results showed that LAIV-4 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of influenza-related hospital contacts, but did not show significant reductions in other secondary outcomes.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)