Evaluation of bread wheat genotypes for early drought resistance via germination under osmotic stress, cell membrane damage, and paraquat tolerance

In order to develop genotypes with stable, higher yields in dry farming conditions, it is necessary to characterize genetic resources based on drought adaptation, determine suitable genotypes, and then use them in breeding programs. This study was carried out at the laboratories of the Field Crops Department of Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty. A total of 64 certified and local bread wheat genotypes were used to test germination characters under osmotic stress, cell membrane damage, and paraquat tolerance. There were significant differences among genotypes with respect to the selection parameters in this study. Average germination percentages in osmotic environment treatments ranged from 63.3% to 94.7%, total root lengths were 10.54-23.12 cm, and shoot lengths were 4.73-10.56 cm. Seed vigor indexes ranged from 1392.4 to 3048.6, cell membrane damage ranged from 0.16% to 47.26%, and chlorophyll content varied between 0.005 and 0.101 mg mL(-1) g FW-1. Kirmizi Yerli, Conkesme, and Turkmen were considered drought-resistant based on two out of the three parameters tested. In addition, Yakar 99, Pehlivan, Izgi 2001, Ikizce 96, Mizrak, and Gerek 79 were considered drought-susceptible based on two out of the three parameters tested. Kirmizi Yerli, Conkesme, and Turkmen, which were notable in terms of both parameters, could be used as parents in breeding programs related to drought resistance.