Article
Oncology
Juyeun Lee, Michael Nicosia, Ellen S. Hong, Daniel J. Silver, Cathy Li, Defne Bayik, Dionysios C. Watson, Adam Lauko, Kristen E. Kay, Sabrina Z. Wang, Sadie Johnson, Mary McGraw, Matthew M. Grabowski, Danielle D. Kish, Amar B. Desai, Wendy A. Goodman, Scott J. Cameron, Hideho Okada, Anna Valujskikh, Robert L. Fairchild, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Justin D. Lathia
Summary: This study demonstrates the crucial role of T cells in driving sex differences in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. Male mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth with decreased frequency and increased exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Furthermore, a higher frequency of progenitor exhausted T cells was found in males, with improved responsiveness to anti-PD-1 treatment. These findings highlight the importance of sex-biased predetermined behavior of T cells in GBM.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rania Saeed, Abdul Khader Mohammed, Sarra E. E. Saleh, Mohammad M. M. Aboulwafa, Khaled M. M. Aboshanab, Jalal Taneera
Summary: Inflammasomes play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and their expression and importance in pancreatic beta-cells are not well understood. MAPK8IP1 is a scaffold protein involved in JNK signaling and cellular processes. It was found that MAPK8IP1 correlates positively with proinflammatory and inflammasome-related genes in human islets, and its silencing reduces inflammasome activation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in beta-cells. However, silencing of MAPK8IP1 does not protect beta-cell function against inflammasome response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Minjin Kim, Gyeongin Jang, Kyu-Sung Kim, Jinwook Shin
Summary: Microgravity negatively regulates the survival and effector function of mast cells, as well as impairs mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ji-Hyun Lee, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Sushil G. Rane
Summary: Pancreatic islet beta cells play a crucial role in diabetes development, with the TGF-β pathway playing an important role in regulating beta cell development, proliferation, and function. This supports the research and therapeutic potential of targeting the TGF-β pathway in diabetes.
Article
Oncology
Marta Tagliabue, Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Rita De Berardinis, Aurora Gaeta, Chiara Martinoli, Andrea Fausto Piana, Fausto Maffini, Sara Gandini, Mohssen Ansarin, Susanna Chiocca
Summary: This study found that male patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma showed better overall survival and disease-free survival in early-stage tumors compared to female patients. Low hemoglobin levels were identified as an independent prognostic factor for women, especially in early-stage tumors. Sex was not a significant factor related to patients' prognosis in advanced-stage tumors (III-IV).
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Ruslan Rafikov, Franz Rischard, Mikhail Vasilyev, Mathews V. Varghese, Jason X-J Yuan, Ankit A. Desai, Joe G. N. Garcia, Olga Rafikova
Summary: This study examines the influence of sex and plasma redox status on circulating cytokine profiles in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The results show that the cytokine profiles in PAH patients are affected by both redox status and sex, suggesting the importance of stratifying patients for anti-inflammatory therapies. Combined cytokine and redox profiling have shown promising value in predicting PAH survival.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen E. Rohli, Cierra K. Boyer, Sandra E. Blom, Samuel B. Stephens
Summary: Pancreatic islet beta-cells have the ability to adapt their secretory program to match nutrient availability and peripheral insulin signaling cues. However, as Type 2 diabetes progresses, these adaptive mechanisms fail, leading to a decline in beta-cell function and impaired insulin secretion.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Changhua Sun, Kai Jin, Jing Zhou, Qisheng Zuo, Jiuzhou Song, Zhang Yani, Guohong Chen, Bichun Li
Summary: Mono-Sex culturing is an important methodology for intensive livestock and poultry production. In this study, Hintw was identified as a potential key gene in the sex-determination process in chicken embryos. A method to interfere or overexpress Hintw in chicken embryos was developed. The results showed that Hintw plays a crucial role in gonadal development and can affect hormone levels. This study provides a basis for understanding the molecular regulatory network of sex-determination in chicken embryos and has implications for mono-sex culturing of poultry.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Michelle Sharp, Kevin J. Psoter, Aparna Balasubramanian, Anuhya Pulapaka, Edward S. Chen, Stacey-Ann Whittaker Brown, Stephen C. Mathai, Nisha A. Gilotra, Jonathan Chrispin, Rebecca Bascom, Richard Bernstein, Michelle N. Eakin, Robert A. Wise, David R. Moller, Meredith C. McCormack
Summary: This study investigated the pulmonary function phenotypes of a large and diverse cohort of patients with sarcoidosis. Less than half of the patients with pulmonary involvement demonstrated a restrictive phenotype. There were significant differences in pulmonary function phenotypes by race and sex.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinay Kumar Sharma, Kiersten Campbell, Xuyu Yang, Ryan Dale, Y. Peng Loh
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of serotonin-induced activation of 5-HTR1E receptor and found that Gai-linked cascade is the sole regulator of the cAMP and ERK pathways. The expression of 5-HTR1E is crucial for cell survival.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xin Tong, Siming Liu, Roland Stein, Yumi Imai
Summary: This review summarizes the role of lipid droplets (LDs) in pancreatic beta cells and their impact on beta-cell function and health. Proper formation and clearance of LDs are critical for insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and mitochondrial integrity in beta cells. However, the effect of LDs on human beta-cell demise in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still unclear.
Article
Cell Biology
Fernando H. G. Tessaro, Emily Y. Ko, Marco De Simone, Roberta Piras, Marina T. Broz, Helen S. Goodridge, Bonnie Balzer, Stephen L. Shiao, Jlenia Guarnerio
Summary: This study characterized the immune composition of an undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcoma mouse model using single-cell RNA sequencing. The researchers found that macrophages in the sarcoma mass exhibit distinct activation states. Sarcoma cells use MIF to interact with macrophages and switch their activation state, promoting tumor growth. Blocking MIF expression in sarcoma cells reduces tumor growth.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wenyu Li, Jian Wang, Weiyi Chen, Jianhao Yin, Haijun Yang, Xiangming Kong
Summary: The impact of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the hydration of white Portland cement (WPC) was studied using various techniques. The retardation effect of β-CD was confirmed in both WPC and pure C3S pastes, and it was found that the aluminate phases in WPC pastes mitigated this effect. β-CD remaining in the aqueous solution of the WPC pastes was found to block the formation of certain hydrates, leading to an extended induction period. High dosage of β-CD was also found to directly promote the precipitation of certain hydrates in the aqueous solution.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yury Kryvalap, Jan Czyzyk
Summary: The regulation of protease and inhibitor balance is crucial for maintaining health. Serine protease inhibitors, known as serpins, have been studied as potential therapeutic targets. Different proteases and serpins play distinct roles in health and disease development.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shuai Lu, Xi Chen, Maoqi Gong, Shuo Chen, Jianyu Zhang, Xigong Zhang, Chengai Wu, Aimin Cui, Xieyuan Jiang
Summary: This study explored the differences in parathyroid tissue-derived cells between male and female patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The results showed that there was no substantial difference in cell population, function, or communication between the two sexes. However, in female patients, pathways and cellular interactions were up-regulated in fibroblast cells, endothelial cells, parathyroid cells, and myeloid cells. Subcluster analysis of parathyroid cells identified different subpopulations in males and females. Cellular functions were also elevated in females compared to males. The findings suggest that sex differences in PHPT may be caused by differentially expressed genes and activated pathways in different cell types in the parathyroid tissue.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
