Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gustav van Niekerk, Angus G. Dalgleish, Fourie Joubert, Annie Joubert, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
Summary: Insulin regulates immune cell phenotypes through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, potentially impacting ICB therapy; Insulin interacts with immune pathways such as JAK/STAT, and is regulated by PD-1 and CTLA-4.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christine Grimaldi, Alex Ibraghimov, Andrea Kiessling, Benno Rattel, Changhua Ji, Claudette L. Fuller, Frank R. Brennan, Franziska Regenass-Lechner, Jacintha Shenton, Karen D. Price, Marie-Soleil Piche, Meredith A. Steeves, Rodney Prell, Sherri Dudal, Sven Kronenberg, Wendy Freebern, Diann Blanset
Summary: Harnessing the immune system to kill tumors has revolutionized cancer treatment, but it can also lead to adverse events that pose safety risks. This article reviews the biology and mechanisms of immune-mediated adverse effects and discusses industry approaches for nonclinical safety risk assessments in immune-oncology.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juliana Sitta, Pier Paolo Claudio, Candace M. Howard
Summary: Immunotherapy has shown promising results in certain types of cancer, but the immune suppression mechanisms of tumors limit its efficacy. Oncolytic viruses, as a novel therapeutic approach, can enhance immune response and improve treatment outcomes through genetic engineering. However, developing preclinical models that replicate human immune response remains a challenge.
Article
Immunology
Yunqi Hou, Zhen Chen, Liping Wang, Yingxin Deng, Genglong Liu, Yongfen Zhou, Haiqin Shi, Xiangqun Shi, Qianhua Jiang
Summary: The immune system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and four immune-related genes (CSF1R, IL6R, TLR2, and TNFRSF1A) were identified as closely correlated with epilepsy. These genes may impact the cytokine cytokine receptor interaction (CCR) and the balance of Th1/Th2 signatures involved in the occurrence of epilepsy. Immune infiltration analysis showed that immune signatures, particularly T cell subsets, were significantly enriched in epilepsy tissues.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kewal K. Jain
Summary: Personalized cancer immunotherapy is crucial due to individual variations in anticancer immune responses and the diverse inhibitory mechanisms affecting them. This approach encompasses a range of pharmaceutical and technological interventions, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and gene therapies, with a focus on biomarker-guided treatment and the integration of various technologies for optimal outcomes. Immuno-oncology advancements also include targeted delivery systems for improved precision and efficacy, as well as innovative cell therapies like CAR-T cells and gene-editing tools for reducing immunogenicity and enhancing treatment effectiveness.
MEDICAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Pei Jye Voon, David Cella, Aaron R. Hansen
Summary: Immuno-oncology therapies for solid tumors have high costs and potential toxicities, necessitating a thorough assessment of their risks and benefits. Patient-reported outcome tools specific to these therapies are being developed to enhance precision and reliability in HRQOL evaluation, impacting the ultimate value of these drugs.
Article
Oncology
Berna C. Ozdemir
Summary: Despite a wealth of data on immune-related adverse events, the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on gonadal function remains understudied. Evidence suggests that ICIs may pose risks to fertility through hypogonadism, emphasizing the need for further investigation due to the increasing use of ICIs in various populations.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Molly C. Tokaz, Christina S. Baik, A. McGarry Houghton, Diane Tseng
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibition has revolutionized the field of non-small cell lung cancer, but resistance to immunotherapy remains a challenge. Researchers are trying to identify the mechanisms of resistance and develop new treatments to overcome it.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Randolph J. Noelle, J. Louise Lines, Lionel D. Lewis, Robert E. Martell, Thierry Guillaudeux, Sam W. Lee, Kathleen M. Mahoney, Matthew D. Vesely, Jerome Boyd-Kirkup, Dhanya K. Nambiar, Andrew M. Scott
Summary: Immune checkpoints play a vital role in regulating immune system activation, and inhibition of specific immune checkpoint proteins has transformed cancer treatment. VISTA is a protein that regulates immune system homeostasis differently from PD-1 and CTLA-4, and VISTA blockade has positive effects on myeloid suppression and immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lisa Argnani, Beatrice Casadei, Carla Pelusi, Valentina Lo Preiato, Uberto Pagotto, Francesco Bertoni, Pier Luigi Zinzani
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown effectiveness in treating non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), but they are also associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). A study on NHL patients treated with ICI found that 31.3% of patients developed irAEs, with a median time to onset of 69 days. The resolution time was 16 days. Patients who experienced irAEs had a higher progression-free survival rate at 24 months compared to those without irAEs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Haoyu Wang, Ruoqu Wei, Tanjun Deng, Jie Zhang, Zhengyu Shen
Summary: Through the study of gene expression databases, we found that periodontitis may be susceptible to alopecia areata and identified three genes with high diagnostic values, which is of great significance for diagnosing patients with alopecia areata and periodontitis. In addition, we also observed different immune cell dysregulation, with mast cells potentially serving as markers for alopecia areata and plasma being associated with periodontitis.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yuting Zhang, Wen Qin, Wenhui Zhang, Yi Qin, You Lang Zhou
Summary: This study developed a new model for risk assessment of immuno-glycolysis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, which could predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy more accurately. The results showed that the model could provide a more accurate prediction of prognosis for LUAD patients and an effective immunotherapy approach.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Richard Sharpley
Summary: The paper argues that the main issue with achieving sustainable tourism lies in the continuation of an economic growth model and suggests adopting sustainable consumption levels as a solution. However, even among environmentally aware post-millennial generation, voluntary limiting of tourism consumption is unlikely. Therefore, the path to sustainable tourism production and consumption lies in effective regulation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Robert S. Seitz, Michael E. Hurwitz, Tyler J. Nielsen, Daniel B. Bailey, Matthew G. Varga, Brian Z. Ring, Carrie F. Metts, Brock L. Schweitzer, Kimberly McGregor, Douglas T. Ross
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical utility of the IO Score in bladder cancer and found a strong correlation between IO Score and inflammatory gene expression. Patients with positive IO Score showed significant improvement in overall survival in the cohort treated with ICI. The significance of IO Score remained when combined with other clinical factors and biomarkers. These results suggest that IO Score may serve as a promising biomarker for ICI clinical benefit across different tumor types.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaoqiang Zhang, Li Shen, Ruyu Cai, Xiafei Yu, Junzhe Yang, Xian Wu, Yanhui Zhu, Xiaoan Liu
Summary: This study investigated the role of N-6-methyladenosine-related long non-coding RNAs as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer patients, constructing a prognostic signature and stratifying patients into low- and high-risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group showed higher immune scores and upregulated immune-oncology targets, while the high-risk group was more associated with overall gene mutations and specific signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
