Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Haimin Li, Qianyu Zhang, Xueting Luo, Zhihao Yao, Yaqin Qu, Erjing Wang, Bingbing Jiang, Zhenpeng Qiu, Cao Li, Ziqiang Xu
Summary: This study developed a ratiometric analysis method for the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based on intrinsic dual-emissive fluorescent nano-materials. The method can serve as a biomarker of neurotoxicity and has the potential for early diagnosis and prognosis.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lukas Gorecki, Ondrej Soukup, Jan Korabecny
Summary: Nerve agents are highly toxic chemical weapons with fast action and simple synthesis. The current medical intervention methods have limitations and further research is needed.
TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yadan Zhang, Junlin He, Liao Shen, Tao Wang, Jun Yang, Yao Li, Yongan Wang, Dongqin Quan
Summary: The study developed transferrin receptor aptamer-functionalized liposomes (Apt-LP) to deliver AChE reactivator across the blood-brain barrier, showing promising results in treating organophosphorus poisoning by improving drug transport efficiency to the brain.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Monika Jain, Priyanka Yadav, Bhavana Joshi, Abhijeet Joshi, Prashant Kodgire
Summary: The indiscriminate use of organophosphorus (OP)-based insecticides poses a serious threat to human health due to bioaccumulation-induced hazards, necessitating the development of reliable, selective, cost-effective, and sensitive detection methods. Enzymatic sensor systems have gained popularity for their high catalytic activity, enhanced detection limits, and environmentally benign operation.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Eddleston
Summary: The routine use of AChE reactivating antidotes like pralidoxime for organophosphorus poisoning may not always be effective, as studies have shown that they may actually harm patients. Oximes should not be used routinely for organophosphorus poisoning until safer and more effective treatment options are identified through translational and clinical studies.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Milan Jokanovic, Patrik Oleksak, Kamil Kuca
Summary: This article examines the potential link between organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and neurological disorders, including dementia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurodevelopment, autism, cognitive development, Parkinson's disease, and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder. These effects are primarily observed after chronic exposure to low doses of OP pesticides. The article also discusses three well-defined neurotoxic effects in humans resulting from single doses of OP compounds. These effects include the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome, and organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Poisoning can generally be prevented through improved administrative control, restricted access to OP pesticides, effective personal protection measures, and education for OP pesticide applicators and medical staff.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Paul W. Elsinghorst, Timo Wille, Danijela Baric, Matthias D. Mertens, Madlen Baumann, Jim Kueppers, Michael Guetschow
Summary: Reactivation of acetylcholinesterase is important for the treatment of organophosphorus compound poisoning. This study successfully identified a small set of possible reactivators by attaching different nonaromatic amines to a coumarin core and evaluating their potential for inhibiting and reactivating cyclosarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
ARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Horst Thiermann, Franz Worek
Summary: In the treatment of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds, drug-induced reactivation of acetylcholinesterase is essential for timely termination of the cholinergic crisis. Obidoxime and pralidoxime have been proven to reactivate inhibited cholinesterase and save the lives of poisoned animals.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Lukas Gorecki, Vendula Hepnarova, Jana Zdarova Karasova, Martina Hrabinova, Charlotte Courageux, Jose Dias, Tomas Kucera, Tereza Kobrlova, Lubica Muckova, Lukas Prchal, David Malinak, Daniel Jun, Kamil Musilek, Franz Worek, Florian Nachon, Ondrej Soukup, Jan Korabecny
Summary: Novel monoquaternary reactivators developed in this study showed superior efficacy compared to clinically used standards, with broad-spectrum capability demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Through detailed investigation of their reactivation mechanisms, K1374 and K1375 emerged as promising candidates for further exploration as nerve agents and insecticide antidotes.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jiri Handl, David Malinak, Jan Capek, Rudolf Andrys, Erika Rousarova, Martina Hauschke, Lenka Bruckova, Petr Cesla, Tomas Rousar, Kamil Musilek
Summary: This study found that certain double charged oximes have effects on dehydrogenase activity, while the effects of chlorinated oximes were deemed unreliable due to rapid degradation in the assay medium.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
A. Vinotha Alex, Amitava Mukherjee
Summary: Organophosphorus pesticides pose health risks to humans due to their residues in soil, food, and water, leading to the development of rapid and effective detection methods. The development of AChE inhibition based biosensors offers a simple platform for quick detection of OPs in various samples, with nanotechnology playing a significant role in enhancing sensing strategies. Further research is needed to address challenges and gaps in AChE inhibition based OPs detection for commercial biosensor development.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elmira A. Vasilieva, Darya A. Kuznetsova, Farida G. Valeeva, Denis M. Kuznetsov, Andrey V. Zakharov, Syumbelya K. Amerhanova, Alexandra D. Voloshina, Irina V. Zueva, Konstantin A. Petrov, Lucia Ya. Zakharova
Summary: Chitosan-decorated liposomes were developed for the intranasal delivery of a reactivator for acetylcholinesterase in the brain as a therapy for poisoning from organophosphorus compounds. The polymer modification increased the encapsulation efficiency and stability of the liposomes. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the permeability of the chitosomes and their ability to reactivate brain AChE.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel A. S. Kitagawa, Marcelo C. dos Santos, Kamil Kuca, Tanos C. C. Franca, Samir F. de A. Cavalcante
Summary: This study compared the toxicity of representatives from the V and A series nerve agents through in vitro experiments, and found similar inhibition potency between both agents.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Royce H. Nichols, Janice E. Chambers
Summary: Organophosphorus compounds, including nerve agents and insecticides, inhibit acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system, leading to severe symptoms. The current oximes used in therapy have limitations, but reactivation of serum butyrylcholinesterase may provide an alternative strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jose Daniel Figueroa-Villar, Elaine C. Petronilho, Kamil Kuca, Tanos C. C. Franca
Summary: Neurotoxic chemical warfare agents, particularly Organophosphates (OPs), inhibit Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and controlling nerve impulse transmission. There is a need for a universal defense agent capable of effectively reactivating AChE inhibited by various neurotoxic OPs. Developing new antidotes requires the application of diverse scientific disciplines.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Noemi Colozza, Kai Kehe, Tanja Popp, Dirk Steinritz, Danila Moscone, Fabiana Arduini
Summary: A novel paper-based electrochemical sensor was developed for on-site detection of sulphur mustards, which combines office paper with choline oxidase enzyme for sustainable sensing. The sensor relies on measuring the inhibition degree of choline oxidase by sulphur mustards to detect the mustard agent, and a nanocomposite was used to improve the electroanalytical performances. The sensor successfully detected a sulphur mustard with a detection limit in the millimolar range and can be applied for fast and cost-effective detection of sulphur mustards with portable instrumentation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Letter
Toxicology
Ingo Hartter, Daniela Remane, Christian Rabe, Dirk K. Wissenbach, Frank T. Peters, Florian Eyer
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Allergy
K. Swiontek, S. Planchon, M. Ollert, F. Eyer, J. Fischer, C. Hilger
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIONAL ALLERGOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John B. Whitfield, Steven Masson, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Sebastian Mueller, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Florian Eyer, Dermot Gleeson, Andrew Thompson, Felix Stickel, Michael Soyka, Beat Muellhaupt, Ann K. Daly, Heather J. Cordell, Tatiana Foroud, Lawrence Lumeng, Munir Pirmohamed, Bertrand Nalpas, Jean-Marc Jacquet, Romain Moirand, Pierre Nahon, Sylvie Naveau, Pascal Perney, Paul S. Haber, Helmut K. Seitz, Christopher P. Day, Philippe Mathurin, Timothy R. Morgan, Devanshi Seth
Summary: This study found that individuals with alcohol-related cirrhosis were more likely to have diabetes, higher body mass index, and less likely to drink alcohol and coffee compared to controls. Data from the UK Biobank confirmed these findings.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An, Rebecca Darlay, Philippe Mathurin, Steven Masson, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Sebastian Mueller, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Florian Eyer, Dermot Gleeson, Andrew Thompson, Beat Muellhaupt, Felix Stickel, Michael Soyka, David Goldman, Tiebing Liang, Lawrence Lumeng, Munir Pirmohamed, Bertrand Nalpas, Jean-Marc Jacquet, Romain Moirand, Pierre Nahon, Sylvie Naveau, Pascal Perney, Greg Botwin, Paul S. Haber, Helmut K. Seitz, Christopher P. Day, Tatiana M. Foroud, Ann K. Daly, Heather J. Cordell, John B. Whitfield, Timothy R. Morgan, Devanshi Seth
Summary: The study identified several genetic variants associated with the risk of alcohol-associated cirrhosis, including PNPLA3, HSD17B13, and FAF2. Through GWAS and meta-analysis, these genetic variants were confirmed to be related to the risk of cirrhosis. For heavy drinkers, the FAF2 gene may be associated with a reduced risk of ALC.
Letter
Toxicology
Matthias Wacker, Joerg Pietsch, Rainer Okrojek, Sabrina Schmoll, Petra Hoppmann, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Florian Eyer, Christian Rabe
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cornelius Hermann, Simon Lang, Tanja Popp, Susanne Hafner, Dirk Steinritz, Alexis Rump, Matthias Port, Stefan Eder
Summary: The study demonstrated that the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Me can reduce the growth of OSCC tumors and exhibit anti-cancer and radio-sensitizing effects in malignant cells. However, it did not lead to significant detrimental consequences in non-malignant keratinocytes. These findings suggest the potential of utilizing CDDO-Me treatment to broaden the therapeutic range of clinical radiotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Sabrina Schmoll, Katrin Romanek, Gabriel Zorn, Hans Eiglmeier, Florian Eyer
Summary: A 53-year-old male with no pre-existing conditions experienced anticholinergic syndrome after ingesting a homeopathic solution containing Atropa belladonna extract. Analysis revealed a 600-fold overdose of atropine in the solution and the patient's blood, likely due to a manufacturing error. The patient recovered without further intervention, highlighting the potential dangers of rare manufacturing errors in homeopathic remedies.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Dirk Steinritz, Robin Luling, Markus Siegert, Harald Mueckter, Tanja Popp, Peter Reinemer, Thomas Gudermann, Horst Thiermann, Harald John
Summary: The study investigated the impact of sulfur mustard (SM) on rabbit muscle creatine kinase (rmCK) activity, showing that modification of Met(70) and Met(179) residues significantly reduces the enzyme's activity. The research suggests a critical role of surface exposed Met(70) and Met(179) residues for CK activity.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Wolfgang Schmeisser, Robin Lueling, Dirk Steinritz, Horst Thiermann, Theo Rein, Harald John
Summary: The study focuses on the analysis of protein adducts formed with SM and CEES exposure, revealing that transthyretin (TTR) can serve as a complementary protein marker molecule for the verification of exposure to SM. This study provides insights into the pathophysiology of sulfur mustard exposure.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Christian Schremmer, Dirk Steinritz, Thomas Gudermann, David J. Beech, Alexander Dietrich
Summary: This study used an ex vivo murine lung model to evaluate the toxic effects of (-)-Englerin A (EA) in causing lung edema. The results showed that EA had little or no acute pulmonary toxicity at doses expected to activate target ion channels. Therefore, the ex vivo isolated perfused and ventilated murine lung model is a sensitive and powerful method for evaluating acute lung toxicity.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Katharina Mueller-Dott, Horst Thiermann, Harald John, Dirk Steinritz
Summary: The aim of this study was to purify hTRPA1 channel from overexpressing HEK293 cells for identification of SM-induced alkylation sites. Western blot analysis confirmed the isolation of hTRPA1, and immunomagnetic separation was used to isolate hTRPA1 from transfected HEK293 cell lysates. Mass spectrometry identified modifications of hTRPA1 channel at Cys(462), Cys(665), Asp(339) and Glu(341) after SM exposure, suggesting that these modifications may play a role in hTRPA1 activation. The analytical approach described in this study can be used to predict and identify analogous adducts of hTRPA1 as targets of other SM-related chemical warfare agents.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roberta Noseda, Matteo Franchi, Alberto Pagnamenta, Laura Muller, Alison M. Dines, Isabelle Giraudon, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Florian Eyer, Knut Erik Hovda, Matthias E. Liechti, Oscar Miro, Odd Martin Vallersnes, Christopher Yates, Paul I. Dargan, David M. Wood, Alessandro Ceschi, Euro DEN Plus Res Grp
Summary: This study examined the characteristics and determinants of admission to critical care for patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute recreational drug toxicity. The findings suggest that age, polydrug use, ethanol co-ingestion, and the use of specific drugs are factors associated with admission to critical care, while the use of cocaine, cannabis, heroin, and amphetamine, as well as ED arrival during the night, were associated with lower odds of admission to critical care.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Toxicology
D. Steinritz, F. Worek
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
C. Schremmer, D. Steinritz, T. Gudermann, D. J. Beech, A. Dietrich
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
