Article
Microbiology
Pavithra Daulagala, Brian R. Mann, Kathy Leung, Eric H. Y. Lau, Louise Yung, Ruipeng Lei, Sarea I. N. Nizami, Joseph T. Wu, Susan S. Chiu, Rodney S. Daniels, Nicholas C. Wu, David Wentworth, Malik Peiris, Hui-Ling Yen
Summary: Immune imprinting shapes the anti-HA antibody landscape, but the evaluation of anti-HA and anti-NA antibody responses in individuals born within the same birth cohort has been limited. This study characterized NA antigenic variants and found age-dependent imprinting of both anti-HA and anti-NA antibodies. Including NA proteins in influenza vaccine preparations may enhance vaccine efficacy.
Article
Immunology
Le Nguyen Minh Hoa, Sheena G. Sullivan, Le Quynh Mai, Arseniy Khvorov, Hoang Vu Mai Phuong, Nguyen Le Khanh Hang, Pham Quang Thai, Le Thi Thanh, Louise Carolan, Dang Duc Anh, Tran Nhu Duong, Juliet E. Bryant, H. Rogier van Doorn, Heiman F. L. Wertheim, Peter Horby, Annette Fox
Summary: This study found that infection with H1N1pdm09 induced durable seroprotection, while infection with H3N2Pe09 did not. This could explain the age differences between A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) cases.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Mi Liu, Jingze Liu, Wenjun Song, Yousong Peng, Xiao Ding, Lizong Deng, Taijiao Jiang
Summary: This study developed a model to predict antigenic relationships and identify antigenic clusters for H1N1pdm viruses, which performed well in predicting antigenic variants. Mapping the antigenic clusters revealed different patterns of antigenic evolution and localized epidemic for H1N1pdm compared to former seasonal H1N1. The model provides a rapid determination method for antigenic variants and further analysis can aid vaccine recommendations and influenza surveillance for H1N1pdm.
Article
Microbiology
Mengkai Cai, Ping Gan, Xiaokun Hu, Zhanzhuo Mai, Chihai Ji, Heyou Yi, Meidi Li, Shaofang Li, Yikuan Ji, Junmei Huang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study developed a vaccine using virus-like particles (VLPs) that can protect against both EA H1N1 and human-like H3N2 infections. The vaccine induced strong immune responses in mice and provided partial or complete protection against different subtypes of the virus.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Teena Mohan, Ha T. Nguyen, Krista Kniss, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Angiezel A. Merced-Morales, Jennifer Laplante, Kirsten St George, Patricia Blevins, Anton Chesnokov, Juan A. De la Cruz, Rebecca Kondor, David E. Wentworth, Larisa Gubareva
Summary: Four cases of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection were detected among inhabitants of a border detention center in Texas, USA. The hemagglutinin of these viruses belongs to subclade 6B.1A5A-156K, which may enable viral escape from preexisting immunity, highlighting the importance of monitoring both drug resistance and antigenic drift of circulating viruses.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yongbo Qiao, YaXin Zhang, Jie Chen, Shenghui Jin, Yaming Shan
Summary: This study reports a biepitope nanovaccine for universal influenza vaccine development by incorporating multiple epitopes. The vaccine provides complete protection against H3N2 virus and partial protection against H1N1 virus. Subcutaneous immunization with the vaccine induces robust immune responses.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ahmed Magdy Khalil, Reiko Yoshida, Tatsunori Masatani, Ayato Takada, Makoto Ozawa
Summary: The study revealed that swine influenza A viruses related to A(H1N1)pdm09 have broader genetic diversity in their haemagglutinin gene, which is associated with antigenic variation in their HA. Among the 12 swIAVs isolated in Japan, five showed significant differences in HA antigenicity compared to an early A(H1N1)pdm09 isolate, with single amino acid substitutions and varying neutralization patterns observed. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring for emergence of swIAV antigenic variants that may have public health implications.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Takuma Soga, Calvin Duong, David Pattinson, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Akifumi Tokita, Naomi Izumida, Tamon Nishino, Haruhisa Hagiwara, Noriyuki Wada, Yumi Miyamoto, Haruo Kuroki, Yuka Hayashi, Masafumi Seki, Natsuko Kasuya, Michiko Koga, Eisuke Adachi, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Seiya Yamayoshi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Summary: During the 2019-2020 influenza season in Japan, two kinds of antigenically drifted viruses-N156K and D187A/Q189E viruses-co-circulated, leading to changes in the antigenicity of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. The D187A and Q189E substitutions in the HA protein emerged and dominated during this season, while the N156K substitution was detected at a higher frequency compared to the previous season.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tingting Li, Junyu Chen, Qingbing Zheng, Wenhui Xue, Limin Zhang, Rui Rong, Sibo Zhang, Qian Wang, Minqing Hong, Yuyun Zhang, Lingyan Cui, Maozhou He, Zhen Lu, Zhenyong Zhang, Xin Chi, Jinjin Li, Yang Huang, Hong Wang, Jixian Tang, Dong Ying, Lizhi Zhou, Yingbin Wang, Hai Yu, Jun Zhang, Ying Gu, Yixin Chen, Shaowei Li, Ningshao Xia
Summary: Influenza A viruses are a significant global threat, and this study has identified a chimeric monoclonal antibody, C12H5, that offers broad neutralization against H1N1 and H5N1 viruses. The antibody targets a specific epitope on the surface glycoprotein of the virus, leading to control of virus entry and egress. This discovery could have implications for the development of antiviral drugs and broad-protection vaccines against influenza.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chenyi Xie, Wen Su, Sin Fun Sia, Ka-Tim Choy, Steven Morrell, Jie Zhou, Malik Peiris, Jesse D. Bloom, Hui-Ling Yen
Summary: This study identified that A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses are mainly transmitted via airborne particles produced by infected ferrets' upper respiratory epithelial cells. The findings highlight the importance of reducing viral loads in the upper respiratory tract with vaccines and antiviral drugs to prevent influenza transmission.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Nutan Mytle, Sonja Leyrer, Jon R. Inglefield, Andrea M. Harris, Thomas E. Hickey, Jacob Minang, Hang Lu, Zhidong Ma, Hanne Andersen, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Tina Guina, Mario H. Skiadopoulos, Michael J. Lacy
Summary: Research demonstrates that utilizing combinations of conserved antigens of influenza A virus, such as NP and various forms of M2e, can generate broad immune protection in mice, reducing lung viral burden and weight loss.
Article
Virology
Menucha Jurkowicz, Ital Nemet, Nofar Atari, Ilana S. Fratty, Limor Kliker, Hilda Sherbany, Nathan Keller, Eugene Leibovitz, Ella Mendelson, Michal Mandelboim, Michal Stein
Summary: The 2019-2020 influenza season in Israel was characterized by a high-intensity and early morbidity peak. A cohort of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza was analyzed to further understand disease severity. The study revealed vaccine delays, shortages, and a disproportionate targeting of children and young adults by A(H3N2) and B/Victoria strains, emphasizing the vulnerability of infants and young children and the importance of influenza prevention measures in this population.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyun-Jong Lee, Gwanghui Ryu, Ki-Il Lee
Summary: This study compared the symptomatic characteristics of influenza A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 subtypes in primary healthcare settings in Korea. The results showed that the H3N2-dominant season had higher average body temperature and more patients with high fever compared to the H1N1-dominant season. On the other hand, symptoms such as myalgia, cough, and sore throat were more common in the H1N1-dominant season. Antiviral drugs were prescribed to the majority of febrile patients in both seasons.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Jakob N. Nissen, Sophie J. George, Charlotte K. Hjulsager, Jesper S. Krog, Xiaohui C. Nielsen, Tina V. Madsen, Klara M. Andersen, Tyra G. Krause, Lasse S. Vestergaard, Lars E. Larsen, Ramona Trebbien
Summary: In January 2021, a case of human infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus containing a nonstructural gene highly similar to Eurasian avian-like H1Nx swine influenza virus was detected in Denmark. The clinical case and testing results of the genetic and antigenic characterizations of the virus were described.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
L. I. Ibanez, V. P. Martinez, A. A. Iglesias, C. M. Bellomo, D. O. Alonso, R. M. Coelho, L. Martinez Peralta, N. Periolo
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the differential impact of A(H1N1)pdm09 and A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) strains on costimulatory molecules and ProSP-C expression in AECII from BALB/c mice and A549 cell line. The results showed a significant decrease in ProSP-C expression in AECII and A549 cell line with A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) and controls (non-infection conditions).
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Olivia C. Lenz, Andrew D. Marques, Brendan J. Kelly, Kyle G. Rodino, Stephen D. Cole, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Susan R. Weiss, Frederic D. Bushman, Elizabeth M. Lennon
Summary: This study detected and sequenced a SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in fecal samples from a domestic house cat previously exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 positive owner. The results reveal the ongoing spillover infections of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and emphasize the importance of collecting fecal samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing in animals.
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Chris Ka Pun Mok, David S. Hui, Malik Peiris
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tim K. Tsang, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Vicky J. Fang, Jessica Y. Wong, Eunice Y. Shiu, Hau Chi So, Dennis K. M. Ip, J. S. Malik Peiris, Gabriel M. Leung, Benjamin J. Cowling, Simon Cauchemez
Summary: This study analyzes influenza antibody dynamics and develops an algorithm to improve the identification of influenza virus infections. The authors find that HAI titers increase after infection but decrease by 14% per year. Children have a higher infection risk compared to younger adults, and a higher pre-epidemic HAI titer provides greater protection against infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Serena Marchi, Gianvito Lanave, Michele Camero, Francesca Dapporto, Alessandro Manenti, Linda Benincasa, Angela Acciavatti, Giulio Brogi, Simonetta Viviani, Emanuele Montomoli, Claudia Maria Trombetta
Summary: This study assessed the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population of Siena province, Tuscany region, Italy. The results showed an increasing seroprevalence during 2020, especially from the end of summer, consistent with routine epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 cases.
Article
Immunology
Angela Stufano, Nicola Buonvino, Claudia Maria Trombetta, Daniela Pontrelli, Serena Marchi, Giuseppe Lobefaro, Leonarda De Benedictis, Eleonora Lorusso, Maria Teresa Carofiglio, Violetta Iris Vasinioti, Emanuele Montomoli, Nicola Decaro, Piero Lovreglio
Summary: This study investigated an outbreak of COVID-19 in an Italian correctional facility during the dominant circulation of the Omicron BA.1 variant. The results showed that the percentage of SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects among unvaccinated inmates was significantly higher than in vaccinated groups, further supporting the importance of increasing vaccination coverage in correctional facilities.
Article
Immunology
Donatella Panatto, Alexander Domnich, Maria Chironna, Daniela Loconsole, Christian Napoli, Alessandra Torsello, Ilaria Manini, Emanuele Montomoli, Elena Pariani, Silvana Castaldi, Andrea Orsi, Giancarlo Icardi
Summary: This study investigated the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) among Italian adults and estimated the effectiveness of the 2021/22 season influenza vaccine. The results showed that influenza cases were mostly detected among non-vaccinated individuals, indicating a protective effect of influenza vaccination.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Stanley Perlman, Malik Peiris
Summary: Decades of research on coronaviruses and studying SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic have provided a great deal of knowledge, but there are still many unanswered questions and areas that need further research.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tim K. Tsang, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Vicky J. Fang, Jessica Y. Wong, Eunice Y. Shiu, Hau Chi So, Dennis K. M. Ip, J. S. Malik Peiris, Gabriel M. Leung, Benjamin J. Cowling, Simon Cauchemez
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haogao Gu, Ahmed Abdul Quadeer, Pavithra Krishnan, Daisy Y. M. Ng, Lydia D. J. Chang, Gigi Y. Z. Liu, Samuel M. S. Cheng, Tommy T. Y. Lam, Malik Peiris, Matthew R. McKay, Leo L. M. Poon
Summary: Limited data is available on the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 within hosts and its relationship with vaccination. The authors found that variant of Concern (VOC) samples have more sequence variations than non-VOC samples, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals do not increase non-silent mutations. The study highlights the importance of understanding within-host diversity and the impact of vaccination on viral evolution.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Michael Kwan Leung Yu, Sophelia Hoi Shan Chan, Samuel Cheng, Daniel Leung, Sau Man Chan, Amy Suen Ka Yan, Wilfred Hing Sang Wong, Malik Peiris, Yu Lung Lau, Jaime S. Rosa Duque
Summary: Hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination is common for patients with neuromuscular diseases due to the lack of safety and efficacy data in this high-risk population. This study examined the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines in patients with neuromuscular diseases. The results showed that both vaccines were safe and effective for these patients.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Ihab El Masry, Salim Al Makhladi, Mohsin Al Abdwany, Afrah Al Subhi, Hatim Eltahir, Samuel Cheng, Malik Peiris, Emma Gardner, Sophie Von Dobschuetz, Baba Soumare, Madhur Dhingra, Keith Sumption, Markos Tibbo
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection in livestock species in Oman was investigated, and serological evidence of infection in cattle, sheep, goats, and dromedary camel was provided. Integrated data analysis of epidemiologically linked human and animal cases should be conducted to understand the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals and associated risks.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Tim K. Tsang, Can Wang, Nicole N. Y. Tsang, Vicky J. J. Fang, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, J. S. Malik Peiris, Gabriel M. Leung, Benjamin J. Cowling, Dennis K. M. Ip
Summary: In randomized controlled trials, the relationship between vaccine response and host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 23 candidate genes was explored in 550 children who received trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine, with adjustment for multiple testing. The GT genotype in TLR7-1817G/T (rs5741880) was associated with lower odds (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.53) of having post-vaccination hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) titers ≥ 40, compared to the GG and TT genotypes. Similarly, the GT genotype in TLR8-129G/C (rs3764879) was associated with lower odds (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.80) of having post-vaccination HAI titers ≥ 40, compared to the GG and AA genotypes. These findings may contribute to the development of more effective vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Giovanna Milano, Elena Capitani, Andrea Camarri, Giovanni Bova, Pier Leopoldo Capecchi, Giacomo Lazzeri, Dario Lipari, Emanuele Montomoli, Ilaria Manini
Summary: Winter in the northern hemisphere is characterized by seasonal epidemics of influenza viruses, which have different patterns each year. In the 2021/2022 season, after the absence of influenza viruses last season, cases of influenza reemerged but remained below the seasonal average. There was also co-circulation of influenza viruses and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus, highlighting the need for constant monitoring of these viruses throughout the year.
Article
Respiratory System
Alexander Domnich, Giovanna Milano, Elena Capitani, Andrea Camarri, Giovanni Bova, Pier Leopoldo Capecchi, Emanuele Montomoli, Ilaria Manini
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jonathan Tin Lai Cheung, Tim K. Tsang, Hui-Ling Yen, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Chris Ka Pun Mok, Yong Ping Lin, Benjamin J. Cowling, Malik Peiris
Summary: Zoonotic influenza infections are a persistent threat to human health. Continuous surveillance and risk assessment of animal viruses are crucial for pandemic preparedness. This study found that population immunity plays a significant role in the transmission of swine influenza viruses, but it may not be sufficient to block the spread of certain variants.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
