Review
Orthopedics
Joshua R. Labott, Devin P. Leland, Sara E. Till, Adam Diamond, Christian Hintz, Joshua S. Dines, Christopher L. Camp
Summary: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current literature on risk factors associated with MUCL injury in baseball players, aiming to identify modifiable risk factors that could reduce injury risk. The results showed that risk factors for MUCL injury in baseball players included player demographics and characteristics, throwing too hard or too much, and throwing with poor mechanics. Nonmodifiable risk factors included increased glenohumeral retrotorsion and elbow valgus opening, while modifiable risk factors included total shoulder range of motion, pitch count, pitch selection, Y balance score, and lateral release position.
ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Hideaki Nagamoto, Rei Kimura, Eri Hata, Tsukasa Kumai
Summary: Baseball players with disabled throwing shoulder or elbow have a high prevalence of impaired foot function and floating toes.
RESEARCH IN SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Zachariah G. Hoyne, Ashley J. Cripps, Andrea B. Mosler, Christopher Joyce, Paola T. Chivers, Rob Chipchase, Myles C. Murphy
Summary: The study aimed to examine the concurrent validity of player self-reported and independently observed throwing volume, and to investigate the influence of sex, playing position, and time to upload self-reported data on the accuracy of self-reported throwing loads. The findings showed a moderate positive correlation between self-reported and observed throwing loads, but most players reported values with significant error. Therefore, the accuracy of self-reported throwing load needs to be re-evaluated.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Megan Dutton, Nicholas Tam, Nikhil Divekar, Danielle Prins, Janine Gray
Summary: This study aimed to determine the relationship between GIRD and overhead throwing biomechanics in cricketers, finding significant associations between GIRD and reduced hip abduction, increased shoulder and elbow compressive forces, and higher posterior shoulder force during arm deceleration. Additionally, cricketers with GIRD may have an increased risk of shoulder injury during overhead throwing.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Vincent A. Lizzio, D. Grace Smith, Eric W. Guo, Austin G. Cross, Caleb M. Gulledge, Dylan S. Koolmees, Peter N. Chalmers, Eric C. Makhni
Summary: The study found that crow hop throws generated greater medial elbow torque than standing throws at distances up to 60 feet, but there were no significant differences between the two types of throws at distances greater than 60 feet. Elbow stress increased gradually at each interval up to 90 feet for both crow hop and standing throws before plateauing at distances greater than 90 feet.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kyosuke Numaguchi, Daisuke Momma, Yuki Matsui, Jun Oohinata, Takayoshi Yamaguchi, Nozomu Inoue, Eiji Kondo, Norimasa Iwasaki
Summary: This study evaluated the joint contact area and translation in symptomatic pitchers with UCL deficiency, finding significant changes in the dominant elbow compared to the non-dominant elbow. These changes may be the reason for cartilage injury in pitchers with UCL deficiency.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Megan Dutton, Janine Gray, Nikhil Divekar, Danielle Prins, Nicholas Tam
Summary: The study found that in cricket players, using a run-up approach for overhead throwing significantly increased hip flexion and lumbo-pelvic flexion, and doubled the forces exerted on the shoulder at maximum external rotation compared to a stationary position. This increased risk of shoulder injury during throwing may be due to the greater hip and lumbo-pelvic flexion in the run-up approach.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Akira Saito, Kento Tsuchida, Yuhei Ono, Kyoji Okada
Summary: This study aimed to compare medial elbow stress during squatting throwing, standing throwing, and maximum effort throwing in youth baseball catchers, and analyze its relationships with throwing variables and hip joint internal rotation range of motion. The results showed that the medial elbow torque during squatting throwing was equivalent to that during standing throwing. Increased medial elbow torque was associated with greater ball velocity during squatting throwing and standing throwing, and with decreasing hip joint internal rotation range of motion on the throwing side during squatting throwing.
ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Joseph E. Manzi, Brittany Dowling, Joshua S. Dines, Alexander Richardson, Kathryn L. McElheny, James B. Carr
Summary: In professional baseball pitchers, discordant pelvic and upper torso sequencing can lead to compensatory actions in the shoulder. Pitchers with discordant sequencing exhibited greater shoulder horizontal adduction and maximum shoulder external rotation, along with faster ball velocity. It was found that achieving maximal pelvic rotation velocity before maximum rotation velocity may be beneficial in preventing upper extremity compensation and excessive throwing arm loading.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harvinder Pal Singh, Han Hong Chong, Parag Raval, Pip Divall, Amar Rangan, Marcus Bateman, Adam Watts, Joideep Phadnis, Addie Majed, Valerie Jones, Radhakant Pandey, Jonathan Gower, Steve Gwilym, Chris Peach
Summary: This study conducted a UK-based James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership for elbow conditions to identify the top 10 research priority questions. The results will guide future efforts in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of elbow conditions.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Chantel B. Eckland, Anita Vasavada, Robert D. Catena
Summary: Pregnancy can lead to difficulties in reaching for and lifting objects, with a 25% decrease in sagittal plane anterior reach space observed during pregnancy. Shoulder and elbow strength requirements significantly increase, but mass gains in the arm minimally impact dynamic shoulder moments. Additionally, torso flexion increases may indicate women's attempts to compensate for decreased reach space during pregnancy.
APPLIED ERGONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hitoshi Shitara, Tsuyoshi Tajika, Takuro Kuboi, Tsuyoshi Ichinose, Tsuyoshi Sasaki, Noritaka Hamano, Fumitaka Endo, Masataka Kamiyama, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Kurumi Nakase, Atsushi Yamamoto, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Kenji Takagishi, Hirotaka Chikuda
Summary: In young asymptomatic baseball players with abnormalities in the medial elbow region of the dominant arm, stronger preseason internal rotation strength of the dominant shoulder was identified as a significant independent risk factor for the development of a symptomatic elbow.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Z. Sun, J. Li, G. Luo, F. Wang, Y. Hu, C. Fan
Summary: The study determined the MDC, MCID, and SCB for MEPI and ROM after OEA. Factors affecting the achievement of MCID were identified. The MCID for MEPI distribution-based was 8.3 points, anchored-based was 12.2 points; ROM distribution-based was 14.1 degrees, anchored-based was 25.0 degrees. The SCB for MEPI and ROM were 17.3 points and 43.4 degrees respectively. Factors associated with not achieving MCID for MEPI and ROM were identified.
BONE & JOINT JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Akira Saito, Kyoji Okada, Hiromichi Sato, Kazuyuki Shibata, Tetsuaki Kamada, Yusuke Namiki, Yoshino Terui
Summary: This study compared medial elbow torque in youth baseball pitchers with and without a history of medial elbow injuries to determine the relationship between medial elbow torque during pitching and having a history of medial elbow injuries. The results showed that regardless of the history of medial elbow injuries, increased medial elbow torque was associated with greater ball velocity. Limiting ball velocity may reduce medial elbow torque and prevent elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers.
ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Sean B. Sequeira, Melissa A. Wright, Anand M. Murthi
Summary: The study revealed an increase in female authorship in shoulder and elbow literature from 2002 to 2020, however, female authors still lag significantly behind male authors in terms of publication quantity.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Joshua A. Glanzer, Alek Z. Diffendaffer, Jonathan S. Slowik, Monika Drogosz, Nicholas J. Lo, Glenn S. Fleisig
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between variability in pitching kinematics and consistency in pitch location. The results showed that reducing variability at the shoulder during the early stages of the pitching motion may improve the consistency of ball location. The study developed a multiple linear regression model that explained 58% of the variance in consistency metric, identifying key kinematic parameters that influenced pitch location consistency.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jonathan S. Slowik, Alek Z. Diffendaffer, Ryan L. Crotin, Megan S. Stewart, Karen Hart, Glenn S. Fleisig
Summary: This study found that the placement of a baseball pitcher's front and rear foot can impact their pitching biomechanics, particularly in terms of shoulder and elbow movements, with open foot placement resulting in different kinematic and kinetic outcomes compared to closed foot placement.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kyle T. Aune, Meghan F. Davis, Genee S. Smith
Summary: Extreme precipitation events have significant impacts on infectious diseases, particularly infectious respiratory illnesses. While the effects of these events are well-studied in other types of illnesses, such as enteric and vector-borne diseases, their impact on respiratory diseases is not well-understood. Future research should focus on individual-level case surveillance, spatial scales, and lag periods to evaluate the effects of extreme precipitation events on infectious respiratory diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Brittany Dowling, Joseph E. Manzi, Gabriel Raab, Carlo Coladonato, Joshua S. Dines, Glenn S. Fleisig
Summary: This study investigated potential differences in lead knee extension velocity, elbow varus torque, and lead knee extension between high-velocity and low-velocity professional pitchers. The results showed that the high-velocity group had greater lead knee extension, lead knee extension velocity, and elbow varus torque compared to the low-velocity group. Lead knee extension and lead knee extension velocity were found to be positive predictors of ball velocity.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Glenn S. Fleisig, Jonathan S. Slowik, Derek Wassom, Yuki Yanagita, Jasper Bishop, Alek Diffendaffer
Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare baseball pitching kinematics measured with marker-less and marker-based motion capture. The study found that the two systems produced similar movement patterns but with some variations. Therefore, it is recommended to establish a normative range database for each system.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jacob B. Cordover, Glenn S. Fleisig, Jesse A. Raszewskr, Aaron S. Dumone, Andrew M. Cordover
Summary: This study evaluated the return to play rate for young athletes after lumbar microdiscectomy and found a good prognosis. The return to play rate and Pfirrmann grade were not related to gender, sport level, or discectomy level.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alek Z. Diffendaffer, Michael S. Bagwell, Glenn S. Fleisig, Yuki Yanagita, Megan Stewart, E. Lyle Cain, Jeffrey R. Dugas, Kevin E. Wilk
Summary: Improper baseball pitching biomechanics can increase stresses on the throwing elbow and shoulder, leading to a higher risk of injury. Correct pitching mechanics involve specific angles and external rotation of the elbow and shoulder, appropriate stride length and position, and a smooth kinematic chain. Improving pitching biomechanics can enhance performance and reduce injury risk.
SPORTS HEALTH-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Ryan L. Crotin, Jonathan S. Slowik, Gene Brewer, E. Lyle Cain, Glenn S. Fleisig
Summary: This study analyzed the kinematic parameters of professional and collegiate pitchers to evaluate biomechanical efficiency. It found that arm position, trunk side tilt, and lead-knee extension range of motion were important factors affecting biomechanical efficiency. Professional pitchers had greater biomechanical efficiency than collegiate pitchers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Marcus A. Rothermich, Zachary K. Pharr, Andrew C. Mundy, Glenn S. Fleisig, Eric A. Mussell, Michael K. Ryan, Hunter M. Bernier, Brook Ostrander, Jonathan S. Slowik, Benton A. Emblom, E. Lyle Cain, Jeffrey R. Dugas
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of UCL repair and UCL reconstruction in nonthrowing athletes and found favorable results in terms of return-to-play rate and clinical outcomes. The findings were consistent with previous studies conducted on baseball players.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mudia Uzzi, Kyle T. Aune, Lea Marineau, Forrest K. Jones, Lorraine T. Dean, John W. Jackson, Carl A. Latkin
Summary: This study examines the intersection of historical and contemporary structural racism in relation to non-fatal shootings in Baltimore. The findings suggest that the interaction between redlining and racialized economic segregation contributes significantly to the disparities in non-fatal shooting rates in different neighborhoods.
Article
Orthopedics
Christian A. Merrill, Glenn S. Fleisig, Cristian Arceo, Nicole A. Jebeles, Benton A. Emblom
Summary: Endoscopic gluteus medius repair is an effective treatment for peritrochanteric hip pain after failed conservative management, especially for women aged 45 to 75. Different repair techniques can be used based on the extent of tears, and significant improvements in daily activities and pain scores are observed in short-term follow-up.
ARTHROSCOPY TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Marcus A. Rothermich, Michael K. Ryan, Glenn S. Fleisig, Branum O. Layton, Eric A. Mussell, James R. Andrews, Benton A. Emblom, Lyle Cain, Jeffrey R. Dugas
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and return to play for fast-pitch softball players treated for a SLAP tear and biceps tendonitis. The results showed comparable outcomes and return to play times between biceps tenodesis and SLAP repair procedures.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Rafael F. Escamilla, Jonathan S. Slowik, Glenn S. Fleisig
Summary: This study examined the biomechanical differences in professional baseball pitchers with different contralateral trunk tilt (CTT) positions. The results showed that pitchers with moderate CTT (15-25 degrees) had higher shoulder and elbow forces, which may increase the risk of injury.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Ryan B. Rigby, Glenn S. Fleisig, Norman E. Waldrop III
Summary: A retrospective study on the primary repair of the deltoid ligament using all-suture bone anchors showed that this surgical option is safe and beneficial for patients, allowing for early weightbearing and return to sports.
JOURNAL OF FOOT & ANKLE SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Marcus A. Rothermich, Eric A. Mussell, Michael K. Ryan, Glenn S. Fleisig, Sean E. Sitton, Benton A. Emblom, Jeffrey R. Dugas, James R. Andrews, E. Lyle Cain Jr
Summary: This study found that patients who underwent arthroscopy for OCD of the capitellum had favorable clinical outcomes with improved postoperative subjective functional and pain scores, as well as an acceptable return-to-play rate.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2023)