Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. Vuorela, T. L. Freitag, K. Leskinen, H. Pessa, T. Harkonen, I Stracenski, T. Kirjavainen, P. Olsen, O. Saarenpaa-Heikkila, J. Ilonen, M. Knip, A. Vaheri, M. Partinen, P. Saavalainen, S. Meri, O. Vaarala
Summary: NT1, a severe sleep disorder, is strongly associated with the HLA type DQB1*0602 and its incidence increases among children vaccinated with Pandemrix. Children vaccinated with Pandemrix develop T and B cell autoimmunity against protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 through cross-reactivity, suggesting POMT1 as a potential autoantigen in NT1.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kosuke Kawai, Alison Tse Kawai
Summary: Racial and ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake persisted over the last decade, while socioeconomic disparities narrowed among adults aged 18-64 years but persisted among adults aged >= 65 years.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peng-Jun Lu, Mei-Chuan Hung, Anup Srivastav, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Miwako Kobayashi, Aaron M. Harris, Kathleen L. Dooling, Lauri E. Markowitz, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Walter W. Williams
Summary: The translation highlights that many adults are at risk for illness and death from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the longstanding recommendations for vaccination, the coverage among U.S. adults remains low. The data indicate that substantial improvement in adult vaccination uptake is needed to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases.
MMWR SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Marita Hovi, Hannu Heiskala, Eeva T. Aronen, Outi Saarenpaa-Heikkila, Paivi Olsen, Pekka Nokelainen, Turkka Kirjavainen
Summary: The study found that children who developed narcolepsy after receiving the Pandemrix H1N1 vaccine during the 2009-2010 pandemic often experienced depression and behavioral problems, with their parents frequently reporting feeling stressed.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rannveig Viste, Benedicte A. Lie, Marte K. Viken, Terje Rootwelt, Stine Knudsen-Heier, Birgitte R. Kornum
Summary: The study aimed to investigate T cell subsets in NT1 patients compared to their vaccinated and unvaccinated siblings, showing significantly lower levels of effector memory CD4(+) T cells in NT1 patients. Vaccination status significantly affected frequencies of central memory and CD8(+)CD25(+) T cells in siblings, while HLA DQB1*06:02 status significantly affected frequencies of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells.
Review
Immunology
Xinxin Bai, Lu Chen, Xinyao Liu, Yujia Tong, Lu Wang, Minru Zhou, Yanming Li, Guangyu Hu
Summary: The hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate among adults in China is relatively low, highlighting the urgent need for targeted immunization strategies for vulnerable Chinese adults in order to achieve the goal of eliminating hepatitis B by 2030.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sadie Bell, Richard M. Clarke, Sharif A. Ismail, Oyinkansola Ojo-Aromokudu, Habib Naqvi, Yvonne Coghill, Helen Donovan, Louise Letley, Pauline Paterson, Sandra Mounier-Jack
Summary: This study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of health and social care workers in the UK towards COVID-19 vaccination. The findings highlighted the impact of workplace factors, the experiences of Black African participants, and individual perceptions of employer pressure on vaccination uptake.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhongxing Zhang, Jari K. Gool, Rolf Fronczek, Yves Dauvilliers, Claudio L. A. Bassetti, Geert Mayer, Giuseppe Plazzi, Fabio Pizza, Joan Santamaria, Markku Partinen, Sebastiaan Overeem, Rosa Peraita-Adrados, Antonio Martins da Silva, Karel Sonka, Rafael del Rio-Villegas, Raphael Heinzer, Aleksandra Wierzbicka, Peter Young, Birgit Hoegl, Mauro Manconi, Eva Feketeova, Johannes Mathis, Teresa Paiva, Francesca Canellas, Michel Lecendreux, Christian R. Baumann, Gert Jan Lammers, Ramin Khatami
Summary: The study found that there was an increased incidence of narcolepsy type-1 (NT1) worldwide after the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic. In Europe, the increase was associated with the H1N1 vaccine Pandemrix, while in Asian countries it was linked to the H1N1 virus itself. Additionally, the study identified peak incidence rates of NT1 in both 2010 and 2013.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Edson Utazi, Andrew J. Tatem
Summary: This study highlights the challenges of measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries, revealing large coverage gaps and slow progress globally. Many countries are at risk of not meeting the global vaccination targets for 2020.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raphael Bernard-Valnet, David Frieser, Xuan-Hung Nguyen, Leila Khajavi, Clemence Queriault, Sebastien Arthaud, Silvia Melzi, Maxime Fusade-Boyer, Frederick Masson, Matthias Zytnicki, Abdelhadi Saoudi, Yves Dauvilliers, Christelle Peyron, Jan Bauer, Roland S. Liblau
Summary: This study reveals that Pandemrix (R) vaccination may induce narcolepsy through immune cross-reactivity with a self-antigen, leading to an immunopathological process. This process relies on the synergy between CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Article
Immunology
Bryan N. N. Patenaude, Salin Sriudomporn, Deborah Odihi, Joshua Mak, Gatien de Broucker
Summary: This study applies the VERSE vaccination equity toolkit to measure global immunization coverage inequality and compares it with traditional wealth-quintile based ranking methods. The findings show that using a multidimensional ranking method results in larger inequities than traditional methods, indicating an underestimation of the gap between the poorest and richest populations. Rating: 8/10
Review
Oncology
Janne Bigaard, Silvia Franceschi
Summary: Efforts to globally eliminate cervical cancer caused by HPV are underway, with high vaccination coverage being crucial. Successful public HPV vaccination programs in Italy and Denmark highlight the importance of overcoming challenges in maintaining recommended coverage levels.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Izolde Bouloukaki, Anna Christoforaki, Antonios Christodoulakis, Thodoris Krasanakis, Eirini Lambraki, Rodanthi Pateli, Manolis Markakis, Ioanna Tsiligianni
Summary: The study evaluated the attitudes and perceptions of adult primary health care users towards COVID-19 vaccination. A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area in Crete, Greece over a 1-year period. A total of 626 self-reported questionnaires were collected at the end of the study. The findings showed that personal beliefs, desire to avoid professional constraints, and certain factors such as diabetes type 2, fear of infection, and previous flu vaccination were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nik Stoop, Kalle Hirvonen, Jean-Francois Maystadt
Summary: Vaccine coverage rates are significantly lower in areas of Africa where the local population displays high levels of mistrust towards local authorities, highlighting the importance of addressing institutional mistrust to close vaccination gaps in the region.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chenyang Li, Karen Spruyt, Chi Zhang, Yuhua Zuo, Shaomei Shang, Xiaosong Dong, Hui Ouyang, Jun Zhang, Fang Han
Summary: The study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Narcolepsy Severity Scale in adult patients with narcolepsy type 1, showing good validity and reliability. The scale was found to be applicable for assessing symptom severity and consequences in Chinese adult patients with NT1.
Article
Immunology
Elise Tessier, Helen Campbell, Sonia Ribeiro, Norman K. Fry, Colin Brown, Julia Stowe, Nick Andrews, Mary Ramsay, Gayatri Amirthalingam
Summary: This study assessed the impact of offering maternal pertussis vaccine earlier in pregnancy on hospitalized infant pertussis cases. The results showed a significant decline in the number of preterm infants hospitalized with pertussis in England after the policy change, with preterm infants no longer being overrepresented among hospitalized cases.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Charlotte M. Gower, Julia Stowe, Nick J. Andrews, Jake Dunning, Mary E. Ramsay, Shames N. Ladhani
Summary: There were significant reductions in laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections and all-cause acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations across all age groups in the UK five years after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination, with reductions of 69-83% and 12-35%, respectively. An estimated 24,474 to 49,278 hospitalizations were averted annually.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anna A. Mensah, Joanne Lacy, Julia Stowe, Giulia Seghezzo, Ruchira Sachdeva, Ruth Simmons, Antoaneta Bukasa, Shennae O'Boyle, Nick Andrews, Mary Ramsay, Helen Campbell, Kevin Brown
Summary: The study found that reinfection with SARS-COV-2 was associated with lower mortality and hospitalization rates in unvaccinated individuals, while age, sex, and underlying comorbidities were identified as principal risk factors for illness severity at reinfection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nick Andrews, Julia Stowe, Freja Kirsebom, Samuel Toffa, Ruchira Sachdeva, Charlotte Gower, Mary Ramsay, Jamie Lopez Bernal
Summary: This study examined the relative and absolute effectiveness of mRNA booster vaccination against COVID-19. The results showed that the booster dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 had a relative effectiveness ranging from 85% to 95% against symptomatic disease, and an absolute effectiveness ranging from 94% to 97%. For hospitalization or death, the absolute effectiveness of the BNT162b2 booster ranged from 97% to 99% in all age groups. The study provides real-world evidence of significantly increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against mild and severe disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nick Andrews, Elise Tessier, Julia Stowe, Charlotte Gower, Freja Kirsebom, Ruth Simmons, Eileen Gallagher, Simon Thelwall, Natalie Groves, Gavin Dabrera, Richard Myers, Colin N. J. Campbell, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Matt Edmunds, Maria Zambon, Kevin Brown, Susan Hopkins, Meera Chand, Shamez N. Ladhani, Mary Ramsay, Jamie Lopez Bernal
Summary: A study conducted in England showed that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 provide high protection against hospitalization and death from Covid-19 at 20 weeks or more after vaccination. However, the effectiveness of the vaccines decreases over time, especially in individuals aged 65 and older and those with underlying risk factors.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bersabeh Sile, Kevin E. Brown, Charlotte Gower, Johanna Bosowski, Amanda Dennis, Michelle Falconer, Julia Stowe, Nick Andrews, Gayatri Amirthalingam
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of oral aciclovir to varicella immunoglobulin (VZIG) in preventing maternal and neonatal chickenpox. The results showed no statistical difference between oral aciclovir and VZIG in preventing maternal chickenpox, supporting the use of oral aciclovir as the first-line prophylaxis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Annabel A. Powell, Freja Kirsebom, Julia Stowe, Kelsey McOwat, Vanessa Saliba, Mary E. Ramsay, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Nick Andrews, Shamez N. Ladhani
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kathleen J. Maddison, Christopher Kosky, Jennifer H. Walsh
Summary: The legalization of cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes has increased interest in cannabis, particularly in its potential for treating sleep disorders. However, current evidence for the effectiveness of medical cannabis in treating sleep disorders is lacking, making it difficult for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions. Additional research using standardized products and measurement techniques is needed to further explore the potential of cannabis in improving sleep quality.
NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Anna A. Mensah, Helen Campbell, Julia Stowe, Giulia Seghezzo, Ruth Simmons, Joanne Lacy, Antoaneta Bukasa, Shennae O'Boyle, Mary E. Ramsay, Kevin Brown, Shamez N. Ladhani
Summary: The risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in children is lower than in adults, and reinfections are not associated with more severe disease or fatal outcomes.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Sarbroop Dhillon, Prarthana Abeyweera, Christopher Kosky, Lisa Harrison, Ashvin Isaac, William Noffsinger, Elaine Pang, Merrilee Needham, Rick Stell, Bhajan Singh
Summary: Acute onset, atraumatic, bilateral diaphragm paralysis due to isolated bilateral phrenic neuropathy is rare but clinically significant. Respiratory physicians should be vigilant about this disorder and implement timely diagnosis and treatment.
RESPIROLOGY CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christopher Kosky, Neill Madeira, Kate Boulton, Marie-Therese Hunter, Ivan Ling, Ayesha Reynor, Gavin Sturdy, Jennifer Walsh, Satvinder Dhaliwal, Bhajan Singh, Peter Eastwood, Nigel McArdle
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of telemedicine and in-person care in initiating continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. The results showed that telemedicine was comparable to in-person care in terms of CPAP adherence and various other outcome measures, and the total healthcare costs of the telemedicine model were lower.
Article
Immunology
Jemma L. Walker, Anna Schultze, John Tazare, Arina Tamborska, Bhagteshwar Singh, Katherine Donegan, Julia Stowe, Caroline E. Morton, William J. Hulme, Helen J. Curtis, Elizabeth J. Williamson, Amir Mehrkar, Rosalind M. Eggo, Christopher T. Rentsch, Rohini Mathur, Sebastian Bacon, Alex J. Walker, Simon Davy, David Evans, Peter Inglesby, George Hickman, Brian MacKenna, Laurie Tomlinson, Amelia C. A. Green, Louis Fisher, Jonathan Cockburn, John Parry, Frank Hester, Sam Harper, Christopher Bates, Stephen J. W. Evans, Tom Solomon, Nick J. Andrews, Ian J. Douglas, Ben Goldacre, Liam Smeeth, Helen McDonald
Summary: This study investigated the potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and three acute neurological events. The results showed an increased incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome and Bell's palsy following ChAdOx1 vaccine, but the absolute risk was low. No association was found with other vaccine brands and these diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julia Stowe, Nick Andrews, Freja Kirsebom, Mary Ramsay, Jamie Lopez Bernal
Summary: This study estimated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization with the Omicron and Delta variants using PCR testing linked to hospital records, and showed that VE estimates increase with the use of specific hospitalization definitions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Julia Stowe, Elizabeth Miller, Nick Andrews, Heather Whitaker
Summary: This study analyzed the risk of acute myocarditis or pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination in England, as well as the impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on this risk. The results showed a significant increase in the risk of myocarditis after mRNA vaccine administration, particularly after the second dose. The risk of myocarditis was lower in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provides important information for policymakers and vaccine recipients.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nick J. Andrews, Julia Stowe, Mary Eb Ramsay, Elizabeth Miller
Summary: This study shows an increased risk of thrombotic episodes and thrombocytopenia in adults under 65 years of age within a month of a first dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine but not after the BNT162b2 vaccine.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)