Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
G. M. Parra-Bracamonte, N. Lopez-Villalobos, M. A. Velazquez, F. E. Parra-Bracamonte, A. L. Perales-Torres, K. J. Juarez Rendon
Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare case fatality rates (CFRs) and odds for mortality by risk factors of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico, before, during and after the implementation of the national COVID-19 vaccination programme. The results showed statistically significant differences in CFR and odds ratio in the studied years, favoring the post-vaccination period. Implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination programme during 2021 showed positive consequences on CFR, but the increased odds of dying in hospitalized patients are likely to be due to the unvaccinated proportion of patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carl Moritz Zipser, Jeremy Werner Deuel, Jeremia Philipp Oskar Held, Jutta Ernst, Maria Schubert, Michael Weller, Andreas Rudiger Luft, Roland von Kanel, Soenke Boettger
Summary: Poststroke delirium is a common and severe complication, associated with greater stroke severity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased nursing and total costs.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kangxiang Ji, Chen Zhou, Longfei Wu, Weili Li, Milan Jia, Min Chu, Di Wu, Chengbei Hou, Jiangang Duan, Ran Meng, Xunming Ji
Summary: Isolated intracranial hypertension, CVT recurrence, and no recanalization were identified as risk factors for severe residual headache after CVT. The occurrence of severe headache was higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes and risk factors for severe headache in patients with favorable outcomes included isolated intracranial hypertension and no recanalization.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kristians Meidrops, Franziska Johanna Burkhardt, Janis Davis Osipovs, Eva Petrosina, Valerija Groma, Peteris Stradins
Summary: This study investigated the etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of infective endocarditis caused by different bacterial agents. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative agent, and bicuspid aortic valve and intravenous drug usage were common predisposing factors. S. aureus was associated with worsening long-term prognosis and higher rates of embolic complications.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Oliver Kuss, Annika Hoyer
Summary: A parametric proportional risk model is proposed for time-to-event outcomes, allowing for computing absolute effect measures and facilitating interpretation for a non-technical audience. The model addresses issues with traditional models and provides straightforward parameter estimation.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qing-Qing Duan, Zheng Jiang, Wei-Ming Su, Xiao-Jing Gu, Han Wang, Yang-Fan Cheng, Bei Cao, Xia Gao, Yi Wang, Yong-Ping Chen
Summary: The study aimed to summarize the relationship between ALS and its genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Results showed that exposure to heavy metals, pesticides, solvents, previous head trauma, military service, stroke, magnetic field, and hypertension were significant risk factors for ALS, while the use of antidiabetic drugs, high BMI, living in urban areas, diabetes, and kidney disease decreased the risk. In addition, several ALS-related gene mutations were evaluated and ranked in terms of frequency. Therefore, effective intervention for risk exposure and modification of lifestyle could potentially prevent ALS, and accurate detection of genetic mutations is crucial for ALS identification.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Qingbao Guo, Songtao Pei, Qian-Nan Wang, Jingjie Li, Cong Han, Simeng Liu, Xiaopeng Wang, Dan Yu, Fangbin Hao, Gan Gao, Qian Zhang, Zhengxing Zou, Jie Feng, Rimiao Yang, Minjie Wang, Heguan Fu, Feiyan Du, Xiangyang Bao, Lian Duan
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to identify clinical and radiological risk factors for preoperative cerebral infarction in infants under 4 years old with MMD. The results showed that the preoperative MRA grade and age at diagnosis were independent predictors of infarction at diagnosis. The study also found that the onset of infarction, preoperative MRA grade, and duration from diagnosis to surgery were predictive factors for infarction while awaiting surgery. Additionally, family history, preoperative MRA grade, age at diagnosis, and duration from diagnosis to surgery were predictive factors for total infarction.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ya-Jing He, Cun-Si Ye, Ke-Yang Xu, Li-Li Yang, Kai-Le Wang, Xiao-Mei Wang, Mei-Yu Li, Yu Wu, Qi-Su Ying, Ming Wang, Shi-Jian Quan, Xiu Yang
Summary: The clinical features and risk factors for survival time were analysed in haemodialysis patients complicated with infective endocarditis. A total of 101 infective endocarditis patients were included in the study, and the results showed that haemoglobin, red blood cells, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, serum albumin, diabetes, invasive procedures, positive blood bacteria culture, heart valve calcification ratio, and left ventricular ejection fraction level were risk factors for infective endocarditis complicated with haemodialysis (P<0.05). The study also found that the mortality rate of HD-IE patients was higher than NHD-IE patients, and older age, hypotension, and the longest vegetation diameter were independent risk factors affecting the survival of patients. Active and effective antibiotic treatment or surgical treatment should be strongly recommended for HD-IE patients.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Shintaro Minegishi, Sho Kinguchi, Nobuyuki Horita, Ho Namkoong, Alexandros Briasoulis, Tomoaki Ishigami, Kouichi Tamura, Akira Nishiyama, Yuichiro Yano
Summary: The initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is not associated with an increased short-term risk of hypertension in cancer patients, regardless of concomitant treatment with other anticancer drugs.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yi-Chu Liao, Yu-Chen Hu, Chih-Ping Chung, Yen-Feng Wang, Yuh-Cherng Guo, Yu-Shuen Tsai, Yi-Chung Lee
Summary: ICH is a significant manifestation of CADASIL, with a prevalence of 21.3% in patients studied. Hypertension and a higher total small vessel disease score are associated with the presence of ICH lesions. The presence of CMBs in the brain stem and a total CMB count >10 are independently associated with ICH lesions in patients with CADASIL.
Article
Microbiology
Dina B. Salama, Ragab M. Fereig, Hanan H. Abdelbaky, Moshera S. Shahat, Waleed M. Arafa, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Adel E. A. Mohamed, Samy Metwally, Osama Abas, Xun Suo, Nishith Gupta, Caroline F. Frey
Summary: This study investigated the infection rates of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs and cats in Egypt. The results showed that 23.3% of dogs were exposed to T. gondii, while 5.8% had N. caninum-specific antibodies. In cats, the exposure rate to T. gondii was 9.8%, and 3.4% had N. caninum-specific antibodies. Factors such as age and breed were significantly associated with T. gondii antibody positivity in dogs.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Priyadarshini Balasubramanian, Walter N. N. Kernan, Kevin N. N. Sheth, Anne Pernille Ofstad, Julio Rosenstock, Christoph Wanner, Bernard Zinman, Michaela Mattheus, Nikolaus Marx, Silvio E. E. Inzucchi
Summary: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and previous stroke have worse control of cardiovascular risk factors compared to those with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, patients with both CAD and stroke have intermediate control, suggesting clinician factors may contribute to these differences.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mette Krieger, Susanne Eisenberg, Karsten Donat, Amely Campe
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of different management factors on the paratuberculosis status of a farm and found that the increase of 100 or more cows per herd, purchase of cattle with unknown paratuberculosis status, and limitations in calf feeding management had the most obvious impact. These findings suggest that these aspects should be prioritized in paratuberculosis control for individual farms and regions.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexandra Balint, Daniel Tornyos, Oumaima El Alaoui El Abdallaoui, Peter Kupo, Andras Komocsi
Summary: The study found that treatment with Ticagrelor plus aspirin significantly reduced the risk of ischemic stroke compared to controls, while Ticagrelor monotherapy did not show significant effects on ischemic stroke. Combined antiplatelet therapy had a higher risk of major bleeding compared to aspirin alone.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ki-Woong Nam, Hyung-Min Kwon, Yong-Seok Lee
Summary: This study found that patients with single subcortical infarctions may have different predictors for early neurological deterioration depending on the location of the lesion. Initial NIHSS score, pulsatility index, parent artery disease, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were associated with early neurological deterioration in these patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andreas Dalsgaard Jensen, Lauge Ostergaard, Jeppe Kofoed Petersen, Peter Laursen Graversen, Jawad Haider Butt, Katra Hadji-Turdeghal, Anders Dahl, Niels Eske Bruun, Kasper Iversen, Henning Bundgaard, Lars Kober, Emil Loldrup Fosbol
Summary: This nationwide study in Denmark observed improvements in both short- and long-term mortality rates among patients with first-time infective endocarditis between 1999 and 2018, suggesting advancements in patient care over time.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-QUALITY OF CARE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amy Legg, Niamh Meagher, Sandra A. Johnson, Matthew A. Roberts, Alan Cass, Marc H. Scheetz, Jane Davies, Jason A. Roberts, Joshua S. Davis, Steven Y. C. Tong
Summary: The clinical risk factors for nephrotoxicity in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia are still unclear. In a clinical trial comparing standard therapy to combination therapy, it was found that the combination therapy group had a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury.
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Emily G. McDonald, Connor Prosty, Ryan Hanula, Emilie Bortolussi-Courval, Arthur M. Albuquerque, Steven Y. C. Tong, Fergus Hamilton, Todd C. Lee
Summary: This narrative review compares the strengths and limitations of observational study data with randomized controlled trial (RCT) data in evaluating antibiotic treatment durations. The findings indicate that, in terms of all-cause mortality at 30 days, RCT data provide some support for longer-course therapy, while observational study data show stronger support for longer-course therapy. Observational studies still face challenges in addressing potential sources of bias.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Correction
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amy Legg, Niamh Meagher, Sandra A. Johnson, Matthew A. Roberts, Alan Cass, Marc H. Scheetz, Jane Davies, Jason A. Roberts, Joshua S. Davis, Steven Y. C. Tong
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alisa M. Higgins, Lindsay R. Berry, Elizabeth Lorenzi, Srinivas Murthy, Zoe McQuilten, Paul R. Mouncey, Farah Al-Beidh, Djillali Annane, Yaseen M. Arabi, Abi Beane, Wilma Van Bentum-Puijk, Zahra Bhimani, Marc J. M. Bonten, Charlotte A. Bradbury, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Aiden Burrell, Adrian Buzgau, Meredith Buxton, Walton N. Charles, Matthew Cove, Michelle A. Detry, Lise J. Estcourt, Elizabeth O. Fagbodun, Mark Fitzgerald, Timothy D. Girard, Ewan C. Goligher, Herman Goossens, Rashan Haniffa, Thomas Hills, Christopher M. Horvat, David T. Huang, Nao Ichihara, Francois Lamontagne, John C. Marshall, Daniel F. McAuley, Anna McGlothlin, Shay P. McGuinness, Bryan J. McVerry, Matthew D. Neal, Alistair D. Nichol, Rachael L. Parke, Jane C. Parker, Karen Parry-Billings, Sam E. C. Peters, Luis F. Reyes, Kathryn M. Rowan, Hiroki Saito, Marlene S. Santos, Christina T. Saunders, Ary Serpa-Neto, Christopher W. Seymour, Manu Shankar-Hari, Lucy M. Stronach, Alexis F. Turgeon, Anne M. Turner, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Ryan Zarychanski, Cameron Green, Roger J. Lewis, Derek C. Angus, Colin J. McArthur, Scott Berry, Lennie P. G. Derde, Anthony C. Gordon, Steve A. Webb, Patrick R. Lawler
Summary: The longer-term effects of therapies for critically ill COVID-19 patients are unknown. In this study, 4869 patients were randomized to receive different interventions, and it was found that treatment with IL-6 receptor antagonists and antiplatelet agents significantly improved survival rates after 180 days. These findings suggest that most therapies have consistent effects over a 6-month period.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrick R. Lawler, Lennie P. G. Derde, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Bryan J. McVerry, David T. Huang, Lindsay R. Berry, Elizabeth Lorenzi, Roland van Kimmenade, Frank Gommans, Muthiah Vaduganathan, David E. Leaf, Rebecca M. Baron, Edy Y. Kim, Claudia Frankfurter, Slava Epelman, Yvonne Kwan, Richard Grieve, Stephen O'Neill, Zia Sadique, Michael Puskarich, John C. Marshall, Alisa M. Higgins, Paul R. Mouncey, Kathryn M. Rowan, Farah Al-Beidh, Djillali Annane, Yaseen M. Arabi, Carly Au, Abi Beane, Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, Marc J. M. Bonten, Charlotte A. Bradbury, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Aidan Burrell, Adrian Buzgau, Meredith Buxton, Maurizio Cecconi, Allen C. Cheng, Matthew Cove, Michelle A. Detry, Lise J. Estcourt, Justin Ezekowitz, Mark Fitzgerald, David Gattas, Lucas C. Godoy, Herman Goossens, Rashan Haniffa, David A. Harrison, Thomas Hills, Christopher M. Horvat, Nao Ichihara, Francois Lamontagne, Kelsey M. Linstrum, Daniel F. McAuley, Anna McGlothlin, Shay P. McGuinness, Zoe McQuilten, Srinivas Murthy, Alistair D. Nichol, David R. J. Owen, Rachael L. Parke, Jane C. Parker, Katrina M. Pollock, Luis Felipe Reyes, Hiroki Saito, Marlene S. Santos, Christina T. Saunders, Christopher W. Seymour, Manu Shankar-Hari, Vanessa Singh, Alexis F. Turgeon, Anne M. Turner, Ryan Zarychanski, Cameron Green, Roger J. Lewis, Derek C. Angus, Scott Berry, Anthony C. Gordon, Colin J. McArthur, Steve A. Webb
Summary: In patients with COVID-19, overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may have negative clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine if initiating angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) could improve outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The results showed that in critically ill patients, the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Andrew Henderson, Matthew P. Cheng, Ka Lip Chew, Geoffrey W. Coombs, Joshua S. Davis, Jennifer M. Grant, Dan Gregson, Stefano G. Giulieri, Benjamin P. Howden, Todd C. Lee, Vi Nguyen, Jocelyn M. Mora, Susan C. Morpeth, James O. Robinson, Steven Y. C. Tong, Sebastiaan J. Van Hal
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of two antibiotic susceptibility testing methods (CLSI and EUCAST) in detecting blaZ-positive S. aureus strains. The results showed a lower VME rate for the EUCAST method compared to the CLSI method.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark R. R. Davies, Nadia Keller, Stephan Brouwer, Magnus G. G. Jespersen, Amanda J. J. Cork, Andrew J. Hayes, Miranda E. E. Pitt, David M. P. De Oliveira, Nichaela Harbison-Price, Olivia M. M. Bertolla, Daniel G. G. Mediati, Bodie F. F. Curren, George Taiaroa, Jake A. A. Lacey, Helen V. V. Smith, Ning-Xia Fang, Lachlan J. M. Coin, Kerrie Stevens, Steven Y. C. Tong, Martina Sanderson-Smith, Jai J. J. Tree, Adam D. D. Irwin, Keith Grimwood, Benjamin P. P. Howden, Amy V. V. Jennison, Mark J. J. Walker
Summary: A new variant of Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1 (M1(UK)) has been reported in the UK, which exhibits enhanced expression of the superantigen SpeA. A single SNP in the 5' leader sequence of ssrA is responsible for the upregulation of SpeA expression. This variant has also been observed in Australia and is associated with epidemic scarlet fever in Asia.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucy O. Attwood, Mellissa Bryant, Sue J. Lee, Olga Vujovic, Peter Higgs, Joseph S. Doyle, Andrew J. Stewardson
Summary: This study aims to describe the burden, clinical spectrum, management and outcomes of invasive infections in people who inject drugs (PWID), as well as determine the impact of current care models on treatment completion and post-discharge outcomes. It is a prospective multicentre cohort study conducted in Australian public hospitals, collecting data through medical records and patient interviews. Importance rating: 8/10.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dorota A. Doherty, Steven Y. C. Tong, Jennifer Reilly, Jane Shrapnel, Stephen McDonald, Susannah Ahern, Ian Harris, Charmaine S. Tam, Angela L. Brennan, Carol Hodgson, Leonie Wilcox, Anitha Balagurunathan, Belinda E. Butcher, Christopher M. Reid
Summary: Registry randomised clinical trials (RRCTs) can provide practical answers to clinical questions in a cost-effective way by embedding them into well-established registries. RRCTs can take different forms, such as parallel group trials, platform or adaptive trials, cluster randomised trials, and cluster randomised stepped-wedge trials. With advancements in data linkage and quality, RRCTs have the potential to play a significant role in addressing clinical questions pragmatically.
Article
Respiratory System
Pierre Thore, Jean Staentzel, Simon Valentin, Anne Guillaumot, Christine Selton-Suty, Emmanuel Gomez, Francois Chabot, Ari Chaouat
Summary: This study investigated the clinical, functional, hemodynamic characteristics, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with COPD and PH. The majority of COPD patients with PH had a pre-capillary mechanism. However, the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome can contribute to the development of post-capillary mechanisms in some cases.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Correction
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Richard P. Sullivan, Jane Davies, Paula Binks, Melita McKinnon, Roslyn Gundjirryiir Dhurrkay, Kelly Hosking, Sarah Mariyalawuy Bukulatjpi, Stephen Locarnini, Margaret Littlejohn, Kathy Jackson, Steven Y. C. Tong, Joshua S. Davis
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Ouli Xie, Steven Y. C. Tong
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Danny Tsai, Betty B. Zam, Carleigh Tongs, Fabian Chiong, Cherian Sajiv, Basant Pawar, Aadith Ashok, Brynley P. Cooper, Steven Y. C. Tong, Sonja Janson, Steven C. Wallis, Jason A. Roberts, Suzanne L. Parker
Summary: This study described the pharmacokinetics of a 2 g three-times-weekly post-dialysis ceftriaxone regimen in Indigenous Australian patients on hemodialysis. The results showed that the recommended dosage achieved the desired unbound ceftriaxone concentrations (≥1 mg/L) for patients with serum bilirubin of 5 μmol/L. Higher bilirubin concentrations led to increased accumulation of ceftriaxone. The study also recommended against administering ceftriaxone during dialysis.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hugh C. Murray, Benjamin J. Smith, Mark Putland, Lou Irving, Douglas Johnson, Deborah A. Williamson, Steven Y. C. Tong
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of rapid PCR testing on the accuracy of hospital coding for influenza. The results showed that the introduction of rapid PCR testing was associated with more accurate coding, possibly due to faster test turnaround leading to improved clinical documentation.
INFECTION DISEASE & HEALTH
(2023)