期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 551, 期 -, 页码 640-648出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.008
关键词
Adsorption; Biotransformation; Empty bed contact time; Granular activated carbon; Organic micropollutant; Sand filtration
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through REWATER project (EU ERANET NEWINDIGO-DST) [PRI-PIMNIN-2011-1487]
- HOLSIA project [CTM2013-46750-R]
- Ramon y Cajal [RyC-2012-10397]
- Xunta de Galicia through MicroDAN project [EM 2012/087]
- FEDER [GRC 2013-032]
In this study, sand and granular activated carbon (GAC) biofilters were comparatively assessed as post-treatment technologies of secondary effluents, including the fate of 18 organic micropollutants (OMPs). To determine the contribution of adsorption and biotransformation in OMP removal, four reactors were operated (two biofilters (with biological activity) and two filters (without biological activity)). In addition, the influence of empty bed contact time (EBCT), ranging from 0.012 to 3.2 d, and type of secondary effluent (anaerobic and aerobic) were evaluated. Organic matter, ammonium and nitrate were removed in both biofilters, being their adsorption higher on GAC than on sand. According to the behaviour exhibited, OMPs were classified in three different categories: I) biotransformation and high adsorption on GAC and sand (galaxolide, tonalide, celestolide and triclosan), II) biotransformation, high adsorption on GAC but low or null adsorption on sand (ibuprofen, naproxen, fluoxetine, erythromycin, roxythromycim, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, bisphenol A, estrone, 17 beta-estradiol and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol), and, III) only adsorption on GAC (carbamazepine, diazepam and diclofenac). No influence of EBCT (in the range tested) and type of secondary effluent was observed in GAC reactors, whereas saturation and kinetic limitation of biotransformation were observed in sand reactors. Taking into account that most of the organic micropollutants studied (around 60%) fell into category II, biotransformation is crucial for the elimination of OMPs in sand biofilters. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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