Article
Clinical Neurology
Michelle C. Johansen, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Brian G. Kral, Dhananjay Vaidya, Lisa R. Yanek, Lewis C. Becker, Diane M. Becker, Paul Nyquist
Summary: In healthy high-risk individuals, the presence and volume of coronary artery plaque are associated with larger WMH volumes, appearing the strongest for periventricular WMH. These findings in high-risk families suggest a disease relationship in 2 different vascular beds, possibly due to genetic predisposition.
Review
Psychiatry
Yajing Sun, Yuanyuan Qu, Jianwei Zhu
Summary: The relationship between PTSD and inflammation has been explored, showing that PTSD is related to immune response changes such as increased inflammatory factors and decreased anti-inflammatory factors. Studies have also indicated a common genetic basis at the gene expression level between traumatic stress disorder and immune diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dang Wei, Imre Janszky, Jiong Li, Krisztina D. Laszlo
Summary: Limited studies have been conducted on the association between the loss of a child and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this population-based cohort study involving over 2.8 million parents found that bereaved parents have a higher risk of AF, emphasizing the need for increased support from family members and health professionals.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Catrin Lewis, Stan Zammit, Ian Jones, Jonathan I. Bisson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-stigma and its associated factors in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results indicated that self-stigma is common among individuals diagnosed with PTSD and is associated with lower income, higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Meghan L. Smith, Dora Kormendine Farkas, Jennifer A. Sumner, Unnur Valdimarsdottir, Timothy L. Lash, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Jaimie L. Gradus
Summary: The study found that unspecified stress reaction was associated with an increased risk of various cardiovascular events, highlighting the importance of considering nonspecific stress-related psychopathology in treatment and prevention activities.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Robert H. Pietrzak, Frances G. Javier, John H. Krystal, Steven M. Southwick
Summary: The study found that veterans with subthreshold PTSD are more likely to develop PTSD, compared to trauma-exposed veterans without subthreshold PTSD, with a relative risk ratio of 6.4. Preventive interventions targeting subthreshold PTSD and associated factors may help mitigate the risk of PTSD in USA veterans.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Edvard H. Sagelv, Knut Eirik Dalene, Anne Elise Eggen, Ulf Ekelund, Marius Steiro Fimland, Kim Arne Heitmann, Andreas Holtermann, Kristoffer Robin Johansen, Maja-Lisa Lochen, Bente Morseth, Tom Wilsgaard
Summary: This study examined the associations between occupational physical activity (OPA) and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality. The findings showed that high OPA was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality risk in men, while no association was observed in women.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jaimie L. Gradus, Sandro Galea
Summary: The DSM-5 defines trauma as an event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. However, the strict distinction between traumatic and less severe stressful events is not helpful for public health. Public health should focus on all individuals experiencing distressing stress and trauma reactions, rather than just those with the most severe experiences.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ali A. El-Solh, Yolanda Lawson, Parveen Attai
Summary: This study found that the combination of PTSD and insomnia is associated with a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) compared to either condition alone.
Article
Psychiatry
David C. Houghton, Heidi M. Spratt, Lori Keyser-Marcus, James M. Bjork, Gretchen N. Neigh, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Tatiana Ramey, F. Gerard Moeller
Summary: This study utilized machine learning algorithms to analyze the predictors of PTSD symptoms in individuals with SUD. The results indicate that negative affect and attentional bias are associated with PTSD symptoms, particularly in those with significant trauma histories.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ahmet Belce, Beyza Nur Ozkan, Fatma Sena Dumlu, Behice Hande Sisman, Eray Metin Guler
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, characterized by lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. This study found that oxidative stress and inflammation markers were higher in atherosclerosis patients, while antioxidant markers were lower. After treatment, these markers improved.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Victor M. Tang, Kathleen Trought, Kristina M. Gicas, Mari Kozak, Sheena A. Josselyn, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Daniel M. Blumberger, Daphne Voineskos, Yuliya Knyahnytska, Suvercha Pasricha, Yuan Chung, Young Zhou, Moshe Isserles, Albert H. C. Wong
Summary: This study aimed to test the use of ECT to disrupt the reconsolidation of traumatic memories as a potential treatment for PTSD. The results showed that pairing ECT with pre-treatment traumatic memory reactivation was not more effective for treating PTSD symptoms than ECT alone, but provided further support for the efficacy of ECT for improving symptoms of PTSD with comorbid depression.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eva Havers-Borgersen, Emil Fosbol, Marianne Johansen, Lars Kober, Jonathan M. Morris, Sean K. M. Seeho
Summary: For women with a history of pre-eclampsia (PE) in their first pregnancy, the risk of recurrence and maternal and neonatal outcomes in subsequent birth are important considerations. The study found that women with PE have a lower subsequent birth rate, but the absolute difference is modest. However, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality are substantially improved in a subsequent pregnancy.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shasheni Ranatunga, Bharati Kulkarni, Sanjay Kinra, Peter R. Ebeling, Ayse Zengin
Summary: This study investigated the associations between arterial stiffness, cardiac workload, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in Indian adults. The results showed that pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity were negatively associated with aBMD in women, but not in men. These findings suggest the need to identify shared risk factors and markers of arterial stiffness and poor bone health to prevent cardiovascular events and fractures.
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Yann Quide
Summary: By transiently stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and/or the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the stress response can be enhanced, aiding in the identification of targets for personalized interventions.
Article
Substance Abuse
Brandon D. L. Marshall, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Jesse L. Yedinak, Benjamin D. Hallowell, William C. Goedel, Bennett Allen, Robert C. Schell, Yu Li, Maxwell S. Krieger, Claire Pratty, Jennifer Ahern, Daniel B. Neill, Magdalena Cerda
Summary: This study aims to develop a machine learning-based tool called PROVIDENT to predict future overdose deaths in order to prioritize the allocation of public health resources effectively.
Article
Substance Abuse
Beau Kilmer, Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre, Rosario Queirolo, Jessica Ramirez, Magdalena Cerda
Summary: This paper examines the association between different types of legal cannabis supply mechanisms in Uruguay and traffic crashes involving injuries. The study finds that the number of individuals registered as self-cultivators is positively associated with traffic crashes with injuries, while the associations for other supply mechanisms are inconsistent.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tarlise Townsend, David Kline, Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre, Amanda M. Bunting, Pia M. Mauro, Brandon D. L. Marshall, Silvia S. Martins, Magdalena Cerda
Summary: Combined stimulant/opioid overdose mortality has dramatically increased in the United States over the past decade. This increase disproportionately affects non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations. Research shows that Black Americans, particularly in eastern states, experience severe and worsening mortality due to opioids combined with cocaine and methamphetamine and other stimulants (MOS). Cocaine/opioid overdose mortality has risen sharply among Hispanic and Asian Americans as well. The heterogeneity among states and racial/ethnic groups highlights the importance of data disaggregation and addressing small sample sizes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Navdep Kaur, Ava D. Hamilton, Qixuan Chen, Deborah Hasin, Magdalena Cerda, Silvia S. Martins, Katherine M. Keyes
Summary: Adolescent internalizing symptoms have increased since 2010, while adequate sleep has declined. This study suggests that self-reported insufficient sleep is partially associated with increased loneliness, highlighting the need for further research on the impact of increased sleep duration on internalizing symptoms.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Katherine M. Keyes, Magdalena Cerda
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tarlise N. Townsend, Leah K. Hamilton, Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre, Corey S. Davis, John R. Pamplin Ii, David Kline, Kara E. Rudolph, Magdalena Cerda
Summary: Overdose Good Samaritan laws aim to reduce mortality by providing legal protections when a bystander seeks help for a possible drug overdose. However, lack of awareness and trust in these protections, as well as fear of police involvement and legal repercussions, hinder help-seeking behavior. Furthermore, racial disparities may exist in the effectiveness of these laws due to racist policing and drug policies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Deborah S. Hasin, Andrew J. Saxon, Carol Malte, Mark Olfson, Katherine M. Keyes, Jaimie L. Gradus, Magdalena Cerda, Charles C. Maynard, Salomeh Keyhani, Silvia S. Martins, David S. Fink, Ofir Livne, Zachary Mannes, Melanie M. Wall
Summary: This study used data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to examine time trends in cannabis use disorder diagnoses among veterans, focusing on age group, sex, and race/ethnicity. The study found differences in these trends and identified possible factors contributing to the increase in diagnoses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jessica C. Agnew-Blais, Jasmin Wertz, Louise Arseneault, Daniel W. Belsky, Andrea Danese, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Guilherme Polanczyk, Karen Sugden, Benjamin Williams, Terrie E. Moffitt
Summary: Chaotic home environments may contribute to children's ADHD symptoms, but ADHD genetic risk may also influence household chaos. Children's genetic risk for ADHD is independently associated with higher levels of household chaos.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Letter
Substance Abuse
Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre, Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia, Hannah S. Laqueur, Kara E. Rudolph, Silva S. Martins, Jessica Ramirez, Rosario Queirolo, Magdalena Cerda
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Melissa Tracy, Elana Gordis, Kate Strully, Brandon D. L. Marshall, Magdalena Cerda
Summary: This study introduces the application of agent-based modeling (ABM) in trauma research and discusses its strengths and challenges. ABM can consider interactions between individuals, simulate processes across multiple scales, and guide decision making, contributing to the understanding and prevention of trauma and violence.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Developmental
Jessica Agnew-Blais, Giorgia Michelini
Summary: The review provides an insightful assessment of the current ADHD research and explores unresolved questions for future directions. It acknowledges the challenge of defining a coherent conceptualization of ADHD while remaining open to new research. The commentary highlights the heterogeneous nature of ADHD, the importance of equitable translational research, and the need for participatory research to support fair and acceptable clinical practices for individuals with ADHD.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Greta A. Bushnell, Moira A. Rynn, Tobias Gerhard, Katherine M. Keyes, Deborah S. Hasin, Magdalena Cerda, Abner Nyandege, Mark Olfson
Summary: Among young adults in the United States, initiating benzodiazepine treatment for anxiety and depression, alone or simultaneously with selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), appears to have an increased risk of medically treated drug overdose compared with SSRI treatment alone. These associations were observed in publicly and privately insured individuals.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David Kline, Amanda M. Bunting, Staci A. Hepler, Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre, Noa Krawczyk, Magdalena Cerda
Summary: This study examines overdose deaths involving stimulants with and without opioids in the US from 1999 to 2020. The findings show that death rates involving cocaine and opioids sharply increased around 2015, particularly in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. There were also steady increases in deaths involving psychostimulants without opioids just before 2010, particularly in states in the West and South. Deaths involving psychostimulants with opioids increased around 2015, with the largest increases concentrated in Appalachian states.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Veronica A. Pear, Garen J. Wintemute, Nicholas P. Jewell, Magdalena Cerda, Jennifer Ahern
Summary: The density of pawn firearm dealers and off-premises alcohol outlets has been found to be associated with a higher risk of firearm assault, suggesting that limiting the density of these establishments could reduce interpersonal firearm violence.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Stephen G. Henry, Shao-You Fang, Andrew J. Crawford, Garen J. Wintemute, Iraklis Erik Tseregounis, James J. Gasper, Aaron Shev, Abigail R. Cartus, Brandon D. L. Marshall, Daniel J. Tancredi, Magdalena Cerda, Susan L. Stewart
Summary: This study examined the associations between 30-day prescribed opioid dose trajectories and fatal opioid overdose risk in the subsequent 15 days. The results showed that large dose increases and doses >= 60 milligram morphine equivalents (MME) per day were associated with significantly greater overdose risk. Patients whose dose decreased from >= 90 to 0-29 MME per day had significantly greater overdose risk compared to both patients prescribed a stable daily dose of >= 90 MME and patients prescribed a stable daily dose of 0-29 MME. Patients prescribed benzodiazepines also had significantly greater overdose risk, while being prescribed Z-drugs, carisoprodol, or psychostimulants was not associated with overdose risk.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)