Article
Infectious Diseases
Oumaima Mtaallah, Cecile Squarzoni-Diaw, Sana Kalthoum, Rachid Bouguedour, Facundo Munoz, Annelise Tran, Caroline Coste
Summary: The World Organisation for Animal Health advocates the zoning approach for the surveillance and monitoring of foot and mouth disease, a GIS-based MultiCriteria Evaluation method was developed to visualize areas with restricted animal movement, determining that the Cap Bon zone is the most favorable area for controlling FMD in Tunisia.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Cecile Squarzoni-Diaw, Elena Arsevska, Sana Kalthoum, Pachka Hammami, Jamel Cherni, Assia Daoudi, Mohamed Karim Laoufi, Yassir Lezaar, Kechna Rachid, Ismaila Seck, Bezeid Ould Elmamy, Barry Yahya, Barbara Dufour, Pascal Hendrikx, Eric Cardinale, Facundo Munoz, Renaud Lancelot, Caroline Coste
Summary: The article presents a participative and iterative qualitative risk assessment framework to evaluate the spatial variation of the risk of infectious animal disease introduction and spread, with experts using field data and knowledge to adjust risk factors. The framework was applied to assess the risk of foot-and-mouth disease introduction and spread in Tunisia. Results showed alignment between high-risk categories and actual FMD outbreaks, indicating the usefulness of the framework as a decision support tool in risk-based disease surveillance and control.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Zhimin Lu, Shu Yu, Weijun Wang, Wenxian Chen, Xinyan Wang, Keke Wu, Xiaowen Li, Shuangqi Fan, Hongxing Ding, Lin Yi, Jingding Chen
Summary: FMD is a serious disease that affects the global livestock industry, and the development of vaccines plays a key role in controlling outbreaks of FMD.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gerelmaa Ulziibat, Eran Raizman, Amarsanaa Lkhagvasuren, Chris J. M. Bartels, Orgikhbayar Oyun-Erdene, Bodisaikhan Khishgee, Clare Browning, Donald P. King, Anna B. Ludi, Nicholas A. Lyons
Summary: Vaccines are crucial in controlling foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Mongolia, but logistical challenges make delivering a two-dose primary vaccination course difficult in nomadic pastoralist systems. While highly potent vaccines have shown prolonged immunity, their effectiveness in field conditions with commercially available vaccines has not been confirmed. This study compared neutralizing titres in Mongolian sheep and cattle vaccinated with either a two-dose primary course or a single double-dose vaccine over a 6-month period. The results suggest that the single double-dose regimen may be a cost-effective approach for FMD control in Mongolia.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Redouane Abouqal, Maher Beji, Mohamed Chakroun, Kamal Marhoum El Filali, Jihane Rammaoui, Hela Zaghden
Summary: Vaccine preventable diseases are a significant concern among the adult population, with adult vaccination programs needing to be strengthened, particularly in Tunisia and Morocco where awareness and uptake need to be improved, and strategies to understand disease spread need to be enhanced.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jean Engo
Summary: The study on decoupling of CO2 emissions from industrial growth in North African countries showed significant decoupling in Morocco, Egypt, and Tunisia, while Algeria did not show satisfactory results due to the slowdown in industrial growth. Scale effects contributed to promoting decoupling in Algeria, while the energy intensity effect played a negative role in decoupling in Tunisia. An energy policy promoting the use of renewable energy is needed to promote decoupling in North African countries.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kay Childs, Yongjie Harvey, Ryan Waters, Timothy Woma, Ginette Wilsden, Hualu Sun, Peng Sun, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a severe economic impact on the agriculture industry in many regions. Current vaccines are not effective against the contemporary strains of the disease, particularly in East Africa. Researchers have identified stable strains of the virus and developed a quadrivalent vaccine that generates high neutralizing antibody titers and provides good cross-protection against regional strains.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhicheng Du, Yong Huang, Michael S. Bloom, Zhoubin Zhang, Zhicong Yang, Jianyun Lu, Jianxiong Xu, Yuantao Hao
Summary: The study revealed that in Guangzhou, China, a two-dose EV71 vaccination can effectively reduce the risk of HFMD, especially for 3-year-old children. Real-world evidence supports the need for an expanded program of EV71 vaccination.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Seong Yun Hwang, Sung Ho Shin, Hyun Mi Kim, SeHee Shin, Min Ja Lee, Su-Mi Kim, Jong-Soo Lee, Jong-Hyeon Park
Summary: In this study, a potent vaccine strain was developed to provide complete protection against FMD type O viruses of Southeast Asia, Middle East-South Asia, and Cathay topotypes. Mice immunized with the experimental vaccines were fully protected against these viruses. PA2-VP1 showed higher neutralizing antibody titers than JC-VP1 in early vaccination phase in pigs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Socheat Sieng, Ian Walter Patrick, Peter Andrew Windsor, Stephen William Walkden-Brown, James Kerr, Sovann Sen, Chetra Sar, Robert Geoffrey Beaumount Smith, Reatrey Kong
Summary: Local animal health services in rural communities in Cambodia are mainly provided by village animal health workers (VAHWs), but their participation and contribution to livestock disease prevention are uncertain. The study found that VAHWs in Cambodia face challenges in providing effective services, with many not actively participating in disease prevention programs. Action is needed to strengthen the VAHW system in Cambodia and improve their involvement in sustainable disease control measures.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yongjie Harvey, Ben Jackson, Brigid Veronica Carr, Kay Childs, Katy Moffat, Graham Freimanis, Chandana Tennakoon, Nicholas Juleff, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a widespread disease that threatens food security and has severe economic impacts. Vaccination is the most effective control strategy, but current vaccines may not fully protect against different subtypes of the virus. Developing new vaccine strains is challenging due to difficulty in adapting the virus to cell culture. In this study, researchers have developed recombinant cell lines that express a key receptor for FMDV, which improves virus yield and can be used for future vaccine production.
Article
Immunology
Michael Puckette, Benjamin A. A. Clark, Jose Barrera, John G. G. Neilan, Max V. V. Rasmussen
Summary: We evaluated four DNA vaccine candidates for their ability to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) and elicit a protective immune response against Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle. However, none of the DNA vaccine candidates elicited protection from clinical disease when administered independently. Administration of pTarget O1P1-3C plasmid enhanced neutralizing antibody titers when used as a priming dose prior to administration of a conditionally licensed adenovirus-vectored FMD vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Ah-Young Kim, Sun Young Park, Sang Hyun Park, Jong Sook Jin, Eun-Sol Kim, Jae Young Kim, Jong-Hyeon Park, Young-Joon Ko
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), is controlled by vaccine policy in many countries, with the content of intact virus particles (146S antigens) being critical for vaccine potency. Sucrose density gradient (SDG) fractionation is the gold standard for quantifying 146S antigens, but has drawbacks. Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) was introduced as an alternative, but is mainly used for purified samples due to interfering signals.
Article
Immunology
Yimei Cao, Kun Li, Xiangchuan Xing, Huifang Bao, Nana Huang, Guoqiang Zhu, Xingwen Bai, Pu Sun, Yuanfang Fu, Pinghua Li, Jing Zhang, Xueqing Ma, Dong Li, Zaixin Liu, Zengjun Lu
Summary: The study selected O/XJ/CHA/2017 as a promising vaccine strain candidate for foot-and-mouth disease, showing the highest immunogenicity in pigs, cattle, and sheep by NA-ELISA and VNT. Cross-neutralization analysis indicated its broad antigen spectrum and antigenic match with other strains, with a significant correlation between NA-ELISA and VNT results.
Article
Immunology
Victoria Primavera, Janine Simmons, Benjamin A. Clark, John G. Neilan, Michael Puckette
Summary: The inclusion of 2B into FMD molecular vaccine constructs enhanced transgene expression when a wildtype 3C protease is present but was detrimental to transgene expression with the 3C(L127P) mutant. This has implications for future molecular FMD vaccine constructs, which may utilize mutant FMDV 3C proteases.