期刊
CHROMOSOME RESEARCH
卷 23, 期 3, 页码 561-570出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9496-2
关键词
repetitive sequences; transposable elements; tandem repeats (satellites); microsatellites; recombination; sex chromosomes
资金
- Czech Science Foundation [P501/12/G090, P501/12/2220, 15-21523Y, 15-02891S]
Structurally and functionally diverged sex chromosomes have evolved in many animals as well as in some plants. Sex chromosomes represent a specific genomic region(s) with locally suppressed recombination. As a consequence, repetitive sequences involving transposable elements, tandem repeats (satellites and microsatellites), and organellar DNA accumulate on the Y (W) chromosomes. In this paper, we review the main types of repetitive elements, their gathering on the Y chromosome, and discuss new findings showing that not only accumulation of various repeats in non-recombining regions but also opposite processes form Y chromosome. The aim of this review is also to discuss the mechanisms of repetitive DNA spread involving (retro) transposition, DNA polymerase slippage or unequal crossing-over, as well as modes of repeat removal by ectopic recombination. The intensity of these processes differs in non-recombining region(s) of sex chromosomes when compared to the recombining parts of genome. We also speculate about the relationship between heterochromatinization and the formation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
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