Breastfeeding and maternal alcohol use: Prevalence and effects on child outcomes and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Objective: Determine any effects that maternal alcohol consumption during the breastfeeding period has on child outcomes. Methods: Population-based samples of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), normally developing children, and their mothers were analyzed for differences in child outcomes. Results: Ninety percent (90%) of mothers breastfed for an average of 19.9 months. Of mothers who drank postpartum and breastfed (MDPB), 47% breastfed for 12 months or more. In case control analyses, children of MDPB were significantly lighter, had lower verbal IQ scores, and more anomalies in comparisons controlling for prenatal alcohol exposure and final FASD diagnosis. Utilizing a stepwise logistic regression model adjusting for nine confounders of prenatal drinking and other maternal risks, MDPB were 6.4 times more likely to have a child with FASD than breastfeeding mothers who abstained from alcohol while breastfeeding. Conclusions: Alcohol use during the period of breastfeeding was found to significantly compromise a child's development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.