Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maciej Tyszko, Anna Lemanska-Perek, Jakub Smiechowicz, Paulina Tomaszewska, Przemyslaw Biecek, Waldemar Gozdzik, Barbara Adamik
Summary: Gastrointestinal (GI) failure in sepsis can be indicated by changes in biomarkers such as citrulline and I-FABP. Lower citrulline concentrations were observed in septic shock patients compared to non-shock patients. In addition, higher levels of I-FABP were found in septic shock patients on certain days. Patients with GI failure had lower citrulline levels and higher AGI scores, which were associated with increased 28-day mortality. These results suggest that citrulline measurements and AGI assessment have clinical potential in monitoring GI function and integrity in sepsis.
Article
Oncology
Silvia De Pietri, Sarah Weischendorff, Mathias Rathe, Thomas Leth Frandsen, Henrik Hasle, Jacob Nersting, Claus H. Nielsen, Claus Moser, Klaus Mueller
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced mucositis increases the risk of blood stream infections (BSI). Our study found that patients who developed BSI had a larger decrease in plasma citrulline and higher levels of CCL20, suggesting more severe intestinal mucositis. These markers may be useful in early risk stratification for treatment decisions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hadar Meringer, Saurabh Mehandru
Summary: The definition, frequency, and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal involvement in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. This article discusses emerging evidence that supports immunological signatures and highlights the unique nature of the gastrointestinal tract in this syndrome.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Brynn A. Hollingsworth, David R. Cassatt, Andrea L. DiCarlo, Carmen I. Rios, Merriline M. Satyamitra, Thomas A. Winters, Lanyn P. Taliaferro
Summary: The study of the human microbiota has greatly expanded since the inception of the NIH Human Microbiome Project in 2007, particularly in the field of radiation injury research. Recent research has shown the potential for the microbiome to play a significant role in mitigating radiation injury, but there are still research gaps that need to be addressed.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Bidish K. Patel, Michael J. Raabe, Evan R. Lang, Yuhui Song, Chenyue Lu, Vikram Deshpande, Linda T. Nieman, Martin J. Aryee, Yi-Bin Chen, David T. Ting, Zachariah Defilipp
Summary: This study utilized spatial transcriptomic technology to identify distinct gene expression signatures within different tissue compartments of lower gastrointestinal tissue from patients with aGVHD. The findings indicate that steroid-sensitive cases exhibit immune infiltrates, normal differentiated epithelial cells, and inflamed vasculature, while steroid-resistant cases display a neutrophil predominant noncanonical inflammation, regenerative epithelial cells, and some indication of angiogenic endothelial response.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Changan Zhu, Min Zhang, Shuwen Wang, Xinhao Gao, Teng Lin, Jingquan Yu, Jinhu Tian, Zhangjian Hu
Summary: This study investigated the presence of phenolic compounds derived from four Solanaceae fruits during gastrointestinal digestion and their effect on human gut microbiota. The results showed that the total phenolic content of all Solanaceae fruits increased during digestion. Different phenolic compound profiles were found among the fruits, with pepino and tamarillo having higher bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and flavonoids, respectively. Goldenberry fruits showed the best effect in decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and tamarillo promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium and short-chain fatty acids production. This study provided valuable information to promote the consumption of Solanaceae fruits as functional foods for gut health.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan-Hong Jiang, Jia-Fong Jhang, Yuan-Hsiang Hsu, Hann-Chorng Kuo
Summary: This study investigated the usefulness of urinary biomarkers in assessing bladder condition and histopathology in IC/BPS patients. The results show that urinary biomarker levels are associated with symptoms and pathological manifestations, helpful in identifying HIC and NHIC subtypes, but most biomarkers are not strongly correlated with specific bladder histopathological findings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Weihong Li, Shixiang Zhou, Meng Jia, Xiaoxin Li, Lin Li, Qi Wang, Zhenhua Qi, Pingkun Zhou, Yaqiong Li, Zhidong Wang
Summary: Accurate dose assessment shortly after exposure to nuclear or radiation accidents remains challenging. This study identified early indicators of radiation damage through bioinformatic analysis and confirmed their stability and correlation with time and dose. The effective combination of these indicators can provide a more accurate dose assessment within 24 hours post exposure for a large number of wounded patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianying Lu, Sifan Yu, Xiangyan Meng, Mingyu Shi, Siyu Huang, Junfeng Li, Jianfeng Zhang, Yangfan Liang, Mengjun Ji, Yanmei Zhao, Haojun Fan
Summary: Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory response that destroys lung parenchymal cells and reduces lung function. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses in ALI/ARDS and may serve as diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miji Shin, Sang Hyun Park, Sora Mun, Jiyeong Lee, Hee-Gyoo Kang
Summary: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a condition where the coronary artery is obstructed, leading to abnormalities in blood supply to the heart. This study aimed to identify new ACS diagnostic biomarkers using a proteomic approach, showing potential for increasing the accuracy of ACS diagnosis. By analyzing proteins in ACS patients and healthy controls, specific biomarkers such as hemopexin and vitronectin were found to be upregulated, while fibronectin was downregulated.
Review
Pediatrics
Barblin Remund, Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Christiane Sokollik
Summary: D-lactate production is low in human tissues, but certain bacteria in the human intestine can produce it. In some gastrointestinal diseases, there is an increase in bacterial D-lactate production and uptake into the bloodstream. Excessive accumulation of D-lactate can lead to life-threatening D-lactic acidosis. This review discusses the pathophysiology of D-lactate, including D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome and subclinical elevations in other gastrointestinal diseases. It also suggests D-lactate as a potential biomarker for intestinal barrier integrity.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tobias Harm, Alexander Bild, Kristina Dittrich, Andreas Goldschmied, Jeremy Nestele, Madhumita Chatterjee, Xiaoqing Fu, Kyra Kolb, Tatsiana Castor, Oliver Borst, Tobias Geisler, Dominik Rath, Michael LaeMmerhofer, Meinrad Gawaz
Summary: The study revealed significant changes in the platelet lipidome in ACS patients, with a particular up-regulation of glycerophospholipids. These lipid alterations may play a role in the pathophysiology of ACS.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Biao Liu, Ye-hui Liang, Yang-Zheng He, Wenhui Ye, Ze-Yuan Deng, Jing Li, Shuntang Guo
Summary: This study investigated the differences in milk fat digestion from various types of milk using an in vitro digestion model. The results showed that mare milk had similar particle size distributions and zeta-potential changes to human milk during digestion. The lipolysis degree of mare milk was the highest after gastric digestion, followed by human milk. After intestinal digestion, human milk had the highest lipolysis degree, followed by sheep milk, and mare milk and human milk clustered together in terms of glyceride composition.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Virology
Michael J. Hawkings, Natasha Marcella Vaselli, Dimitrios Charalampopoulos, Liam Brierley, Alex J. Elliot, Iain Buchan, Daniel Hungerford
Summary: A systematic review examined the prevalence of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and the incidence of new gastrointestinal illnesses following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review found that previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure may be associated with ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and the development of functional gastrointestinal illness. High-quality research is needed to better understand the association between SARS-CoV-2 and gastrointestinal illness.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jun Hu, Lian Liu, Xianghu Zeng, Ke Wang, Hao Wang, Zijian Zeng, Yufang Cao, Lijuan Gao, Mengxin Cheng, Tao Wang, Fuqiang Wen
Summary: The study revealed that ANGPTL4 levels were elevated in patients with ARDS and significantly correlated with disease severity and mortality, suggesting that ANGPTL4 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in ARDS.