Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreas Novotny, Baptiste Serandour, Susanne Kortsch, Benoit Gauzens, Kinlan M. G. Jan, Monika Winder
Summary: Using DNA metabarcoding, this study calculated prey selectivity indices and energy fluxes in a pelagic food web. It found that food web dynamics are influenced by prey selectivity and temporal match-mismatch in growth cycles, and that cyanobacteria are the main source of primary production in the investigated coastal pelagic food web. The study provides a method for quantifying energy fluxes in marine food webs using DNA metabarcoding and suggests its potential extension to other ecosystems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Young-Jae Jeong, Bo-Seong Seo, Nuri Baek, Jin-Hyeob Kwak, Sang-Mo Lee, Hyun-Jin Park, Woo-Jung Choi
Summary: This study proposed methods for determining the δN-15 of multiple nitrogen species. The methods included traditional distillation, direct evaporation, and isotope mass balance equation. The accuracy and precision of the methods were evaluated through a series of experiments, and the influences of different conditions on the analysis results were assessed.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Christina Skinner, Yu-De Pei, Naoko Morimoto, Toshihiro Miyajima, Alex S. J. Wyatt
Summary: This study used stable isotope analysis to examine resource use strategies of two planktivorous damselfish species in the Puerto Galera embayment in the Philippines, and found size-based and seasonal differences in their feeding patterns. By adding delta S-34 to the analysis, it was possible to detect the impacts of seasonal and body size changes on resource use more accurately.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Marc H. Taylor, Anna Akimova, Astrid Bracher, Alexander Kempf, Bernhard Kuhn, Pierre Helaouet
Summary: This study investigates the formation and dynamics of ocean color (OC) provinces in the North Sea, revealing that the variability of OC provinces is likely driven by the interaction between large-scale circulation and local wind-driven currents. The study demonstrates that the perspective offered by OC provinces helps elucidate spatiotemporal patterns of plankton and is proposed as a novel operational index for additional exploration of ecosystem functioning.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Chao -Chen Lai, Tzong-Yueh Chen, Chia-Ying Ko, Jen-Hua Tai, Chun -Wei Chang
Summary: Viruses cause massive bacterial mortality and impact carbon transfer and nutrient recycling globally. This study conducted nine diel surveys in the South China Sea and found that sampling time and trophic status determined the visibility of the viral shunt in the field, with different responses to temperature.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hong-Duck Ryu, Sun-Jung Kim, Un-il Baek, Deok-Woo Kim, Hyun-Jeoung Lee, Eu Gene Chung, Min-Seob Kim, Kyunghyun Kim, Jae Kwan Lee
Summary: A novel approach using dual ammonium and nitrate nitrogen isotope ratios was proposed to identify nitrogen sources in intensive livestock farming watersheds, showing that seasonal patterns of delta N-15(NH4) and delta N-15(NO3) can reflect nitrogen pollution from agricultural activities. The study revealed that microbial nitrification is the dominant nitrogen transformation process in the river, and the dual delta N-15(NH4) and delta N-15(NO3) axes provide better results compared to traditional methods for identifying nitrogen sources in agricultural watersheds with swine excreta treatment facilities.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ken-ichi Nakamura, Atsushi Nishimoto, Saori Yasui-Tamura, Yoichi Kogure, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Haruyuki Morimoto, Taketoshi Kodama
Summary: Both nitrogen and carbon dynamics have changed in the Sea of Japan. The carbon isotope ratio in the copepod Calanus sinicus has linearly changed over the past 15 years, indicating changes in carbon dynamics in the coastal environment. However, nitrogen dynamics have not been recorded despite increasing nitrogenous nutrient inputs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel S. Urmy, Kelly J. Benoit-Bird
Summary: Fear of predation can have significant ecological effects in the ocean's pelagic zone, leading to vertical migration in various animals to avoid visual predators. The study observed avoidance reactions in pelagic animals towards their predators at different spatiotemporal scales, rearranging life throughout the water column in response to predator presence.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maxime Geoffroy, Tom Langbehn, Pierre Priou, Oystein Varpe, Geir Johnsen, Arnault Le Bris, Jonathan A. D. Fisher, Malin Daase, David McKee, Jonathan Cohen, Jorgen Berge
Summary: Pelagic organisms in Arctic and temperate regions strongly avoid artificial light, including visible red light, when exposed to optical and acoustic instruments with light sources in the 400-700 nm wavelengths. This avoidance behavior can lead to biased measurements and indicates that using broad-spectral light sources alone is not reliable for estimating abundance or behavior of marine ecosystems.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Takashi Onodera, Kazuhiro Komatsu, Ayato Kohzu, Gen Kanaya, Motoyuki Mizuochi, Kazuaki Syutsubo
Summary: This study investigated the nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of nitrate in four different types of advanced wastewater treatment processes, revealing spatial variations within the treatment steps. The study found that the changes in delta N-15 and delta O-18 of nitrate were related to reactor conditions and the order of treatment processes. Additionally, the study concluded that stable isotope signatures reflected treatment efficiency and effluent characteristics, with the modified Bardenpho process showing higher nitrogen removal efficiency.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jutta Dierkes, Stefan Dietrich, Klaus Abraham, Bernhard H. Monien, Adrian McCann, Katrine Borga, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: This study investigated the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon in serum and urine from vegans and omnivores. The results showed that both the serum and urine of vegans had significantly lower delta 15N and delta 13C compared to omnivores. Delta 15N in both serum and urine had 100% specificity and sensitivity to distinguish between vegans and omnivores, suggesting it as a promising marker for dietary habits.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Yuntao Wu, Xiaodong Zhang, Zhaoliang Song, Changxun Yu, Man Liu, Yidong Wang, Qian Hao, Qiang Li, Xiangwei Zhao, Lele Wu, Xia Wang
Summary: This study investigates the spatial patterns and driving factors of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in plant-soil systems of grasslands in northern China. The results provide important references for future research on biogeochemical cycles in temperate grasslands.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kaiyan Zhang, Yanyou Wu, Yue Su, Haitao Li
Summary: The proportions of assimilated nitrate and ammonium in Brassica napus plantlets grown at different ammonium/nitrate ratios were quantified using stable nitrogen isotope tracer technique. The utilization proportions of sucrose and CO2 were quantified by a two end-member isotope mixing model. Increasing the nitrate concentration promoted the ammonium assimilation and enhanced the ammonium utilization coefficient. The amount of nitrogen derived from nitrate assimilation increased with increasing nitrate concentration, while the nitrate utilization coefficient showed no significant change.
Article
Biology
Vladimir G. Dvoretsky, Marina P. Venger, Anastasya V. Vashchenko, Tatyana M. Maksimovskaya, Tatyana G. Ishkulova, Veronika V. Vodopianova
Summary: Microbial plankton, including bacteria and viruses, play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the abundance of marine bacteria and viruses in the northeastern Barents Sea, after the main productive season. The results showed a mosaic horizontal distribution of microbial plankton, with decreasing numbers of bacteria and viruses with depth. Nutrients and zooplankton carbon were found to be important drivers of microbial abundance. Bacterioplankton abundance was positively correlated with virus counts, indicating a close relationship between these groups. The study provides baseline information and expands our current knowledge on the structure of pelagic Arctic ecosystems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zezheng Li, Nigel E. Hussey, Yunkai Li
Summary: This study analyzed the concentration and distribution of trace elements and stable isotopes in pregnant female pelagic thresher sharks and their embryos. The results showed that essential trace elements were mostly transferred to the embryos, while nonessential trace elements were unevenly distributed between maternal and embryo tissues. Mercury concentrations reached toxic levels, but the molar ratios of selenium to mercury in embryonic tissues were all greater than one. A negative correlation was observed between concentrations of elements in maternal tissue and transfer ratios, indicating the existence of a regulatory mechanism in maternal ovaries. Compared to maternal specimens, embryos had higher isotopic values.
Article
Oceanography
Malika Kheireddine, R. J. W. Brewin, M. Ouhssain, B. H. Jones
Summary: Light scattering measurements can be used to quantify oceanic particle concentration and composition, and in this study, a three-component conceptual model was employed to relate backscattering to chlorophyll-a concentration in the Red Sea. The high backscattering ratio of non-algal particles in low chlorophyll-a conditions suggests unique characteristics in the Red Sea or potentially in other oceanic environments. The combination of optical measurements and conceptual models provides valuable insights into marine biogeochemical processes and helps improve monitoring in the Red Sea.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Nikolaos D. Zarokanellos, Burton H. Jones
Summary: The Central Red Sea experiences significant eddy activity throughout the year, with winter eddies being particularly pronounced. A prolonged glider time-series in the winter of 2014-2015 captured changes in vertical mixing and nutrient distribution. Mesoscale eddy activity led to an upward displacement of the nutricline, contributing to horizontal dispersion.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusuf C. El-Khaled, Florian Roth, Nils Radecker, Arjen Tilstra, Denis B. Karcher, Benjamin Kurten, Burton H. Jones, Christian R. Voolstra, Christian Wild
Summary: The study found that algae-dominated coral reefs promote new nitrogen input through enhanced nitrogen fixation and relatively low denitrification levels, resulting in increased competitive advantage of algae over corals in reefs that have experienced phase shifts.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aislinn Dunne, Susana Carvalho, Xose Anxelu G. Moran, Maria Ll Calleja, Burton Jones
Summary: The study found that an offshore barramundi fish farm in the southern-central Red Sea has an impact on water quality, with higher levels of heterotrophic bacteria and chlorophyll -a downstream compared to upstream. After a fish feeding event, phosphate, inorganic nitrogen, and particulate matter showed enrichment patterns associated with the farm.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kasper Johansen, Aislinn F. Dunne, Yu-Hsuan Tu, Samir Almashharawi, Burton H. Jones, Matthew F. McCabe
Summary: The study presents a UAV-based approach for tracing coastal water flows by detecting dye plume extent and mapping dye concentration using regression. Results demonstrate that dye plume extent can be mapped with low omission and commission errors.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
T. Thomson, M. Fusi, M. F. Bennett-Smith, N. Prinz, E. Aylagas, S. Carvalho, C. E. Lovelock, B. H. Jones, J. Ellis
Summary: Mangrove forests are important in sequestering atmospheric CO2 and mitigating climatic and anthropogenic stressors. The soil microbiome regulates these services, and understanding its assembly patterns is crucial to comprehend how environmental changes impact this ecosystem. This study used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate microbial community assembly in arid Avicennia marina forests at different spatial scales. The results showed that the composition of the bacterial community varied more along an intertidal gradient than between different geographic regions. However, the structure of the bacterial community differed primarily between geographic regions. These findings highlight the importance of local environmental factors and the disconnect between community composition and structure in mangrove soil microbial assemblages.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kusum Komal Karati, Gopinath Vineetha, Reny P. Devassy, Ali M. Al-Aidaroos, Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny
Summary: The present study investigates the diversity and ecology of the dominant carnivorous zooplankton taxon chaetognath in the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) during summer. It reveals that the GoA has fewer chaetognath species compared to the Red Sea, suggesting the role of high saline water as a boundary for the distribution of epipelagic chaetognaths. The study identifies Euryhaline, Serratosagitta pacifica as the dominant species in the GoA, and observes diel variability in the distribution of different growth stages of chaetognaths in the surface waters due to their susceptibility to visually oriented predators. The positive relation between the abundance of chaetognaths and their main prey, copepods, indicates their significance in the pelagic trophic ecology of the GoA.
Article
Ecology
Timothy Thomson, Joanne I. Ellis, Marco Fusi, Natalie Prinz, Morgan F. Bennett-Smith, Eva Aylagas, Susana Carvalho, Burton H. Jones
Summary: Mangrove forests in the Red Sea act as important blue carbon sinks and are regulated by soil microbiome activity. However, there is limited research on the spatial and temporal variation of bacterial communities in mangrove soils. This study investigated the microprocesses that govern microbial communities in an arid mangrove ecosystem and found that shifts in community composition are influenced by seasonal changes in environmental factors. The understanding of bacterial community variation is crucial for assessing ecosystem services and soil biogeochemical processes.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kasper Johansen, Aislinn F. Dunne, Yu-Hsuan Tu, Burton H. Jones, Matthew F. McCabe
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of high spatial resolution satellite imagery for sub-daily monitoring of coastal water flows and mapping dye plume concentration with the assistance of machine learning methods and high-frequency UAV data. The results show that sub-daily SkySat imagery can effectively track dye plume extent and model dye concentration with low errors, while also showcasing the potential of UAV imagery for scaling between ground data and satellite data for tracking coastal water flow dynamics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Villalobos, E. Aylagas, J. K. Pearman, J. Curdia, D. Lozano-Cortes, D. J. Coker, B. Jones, M. L. Berumen, S. Carvalho
Summary: The combination of molecular tools, standard surveying techniques, and long-term monitoring programs are relevant to understanding environmental and ecological changes in coral reef communities. This study investigated the temporal variability in cryptobenthic coral reef communities and found significant impacts of a mass bleaching event in 2015. Recovery was observed in 2019, but concerns remain about the ability of the communities to fully recover and the emergence of new characteristics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ann Marie Hulver, Alexandra Steckbauer, Joanne I. Ellis, Eva Aylagas, Florian Roth, Najeh Kharbatia, Timothy Thomson, Susana Carvalho, Burton H. Jones, Michael L. Berumen
Summary: Anthropogenic stressors, such as coastal development and shipping traffic, can lead to ecosystem-level changes in sensitive marine habitats like coral reefs. This study examined the effects of nutrient pollution, oil pollution, and their combination on pioneer communities in coral reefs. The results show that oil pollution decreases settlement and net primary productivity (NPP), while nutrient pollution increases turf algae and NPP. However, the combination of the two stressors resulted in similar community composition and NPP as the control treatment.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Aislinn Dunne, Darren J. J. Coker, Alexander Kattan, Matthew D. D. Tietbohl, Joanne I. I. Ellis, Burton Jones, Michael Berumen
Summary: Marine vegetated habitats, such as seagrass, mangroves, and macroalgae, provide important habitats for a diversity of fish species, including juvenile and commercially important fish found on coral reefs. This study evaluated the habitat associations of fish species in different vegetated habitats in the Red Sea and found that coral reef fish species utilized macroalgae and seagrass more than mangroves. These habitats offer different combinations of resources, suggesting that a mix of these habitats could support biodiversity and connectivity across the seascape.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aislinn F. Dunne, Matthew D. Tietbohl, Clara Nuber, Michael Berumen, Burton H. Jones
Summary: We examined the gut contents of two herbivorous fish species (Naso elegans and N. unicornis) from coral reefs in the central Red Sea and found that up to 41% of their stomach contents were Sargassum, especially on inshore reefs close to macroalgae canopies. Little to no Sargassum was found in fish on offshore reefs farther from macroalgae canopies. Based on consumption and excretion rates, it is estimated that these fish contribute significant amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to inshore reefs through Sargassum consumption. This study highlights the importance of fish as vectors of nutrition to nutrient-poor coral reefs.
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Indra Effendy, Anand A. J. Kumar, Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny
Summary: Twenty-six first generation crabs of Thalamita chaptalii were obtained from the Obhur Creek in the Central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Through 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, these crabs were morphologically described and identified. Scanning electron microscope images were used to study previously unreported features in Portunidae first crabs.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lohitzune Solabarrieta, Ismael Hernandez-Carrasco, Anna Rubio, Michael Campbell, Ganix Esnaola, Julien Mader, Burton H. Jones, Alejandro Orfila
Summary: The study presents a Lagrangian-based short-term prediction system for ocean currents, which compares with alternative methods to quantify errors and conducts a sensitivity analysis to determine its applicability limits.