Article
Mechanics
Xingjian Lin, Jie Wu, Tongwei Zhang
Summary: This paper numerically studied the effects of flexibility and shape on the performance of a bioinspired panel. It found that within a certain phase lag range, flexible panels can significantly improve performance. Additionally, it discovered that convex shape is optimal for thrust generation, while square shape is optimal for propulsive efficiency.
Article
Physics, Applied
Babak Nikoobakht, Yuqin Zong, Okan Koksal, Amit Agrawal, Christopher Montgomery, Jaime Rumsey, Jacob Leach, Michael Shur
Summary: In this study, we investigate the impact of the fin aspect ratio on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and UV emission of AlGaN fin/p-GaN heterojunctions. With decreasing aspect ratio, the UV emission of the fins increases and EQE is enhanced by 7 times. This can be attributed to the conservation of the volume of the carrier depletion region within a fin.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Babak Yousefi-Lafouraki, Mehran Rajabi Zargarabadi, Bengt Sunden
Summary: This paper investigates the intermittent impingement flow and heat transfer characteristics of a series of pin fins, which are extended surfaces on a flat plate. The effects of pulsating flow on heat transfer performance are studied using numerical simulations and experimental data. The results show that there is a specific frequency that can enhance heat transfer for Reynolds numbers in the range of 10,000-20,000. It is also found that the heat transfer rate decreases with increasing pin fin diameter for aspect ratios greater than 1, while it increases for aspect ratios less than 1. The study also reveals that the heat transfer performance improves with increasing aspect ratio.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huiyao Shi, Kaixuan Wang, Si Tang, Shenghang Zhai, Jialin Shi, Chanmin Su, Lianqing Liu
Summary: This paper addresses the limitations of atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement by using a large-range AFM system consisting of a novel repairable high aspect ratio probe (HARP) and a nested-proportional-integral-derivative (nested-PID) AFM system. The HARP is fabricated using a reliable and cost-efficient bench-top process and is tested on polymer trenches for superior image fidelity. A nested-PID system is also developed and employed for 3D characterization of 50 μm-step samples.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zi Wang, Guoqiang Lv, Miao Xu, Qibin Feng, Anting Wang, Hai Ming
Summary: The paper introduces a method for reconstructing resolution-priority holographic stereograms, where adjusting capturing depth, pixel size of elemental image, and focal length of lens array can enhance image resolution while potentially reducing depth range. Three corresponding methods were proposed to enhance resolution across the total depth range, verified through simulation and optical experiments.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kefeng Peng, Zhijun Zheng, Baixue Chang, Hao Pan, Jilin Yu
Summary: This study introduces a novel cylindrical shell chain structure with varying aspect ratio for controlling elastic wave propagation, including waveform attenuation and amplification. By studying the impact of aspect ratio gradient on wave propagation, it is found that aspect ratio gradient chains can control transmitted impulse in a wider range effectively.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Optics
Zhoumiao He, Pei Zhou, Jiangping Zhu, Jianwei Zhang
Summary: This article presents an improved depth map optimization method to address the challenges in 3D reconstruction of freedom surfaces, effectively suppressing noise and compensating for missing signals, through a comprehensive and reliable depth recovery evaluation and an efficient optimization algorithm.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Optics
Wei-Lun Hsu, Chen-Yi Yu, Hao-Ting Lai, Yen-Chun Chen, Chih-Ming Wang
Summary: The current high-aspect-ratio Pancharatnam-Berry (PB)-phase metasurfaces in which vertical dimensions are much larger than the lateral dimensions are challenging to fabricate. Therefore, reducing the aspect ratio requirement has become a research priority. We propose a sandwich nano-fin consisting of GaN/amorphous silicon (a-Si)/GaN on a silica substrate to reduce the strict aspect ratio requirement of current PB-phase metasurfaces. The phase modulation ability and polarization conversion efficiency (PCE) of sandwich nano-fins were investigated. Compared with a conventional GaN nano-fin, the aspect ratio of sandwich nano-fin decreased from 6 to 4 under the same geometric dimension. The PCE of the sandwich nano-fin was up to 68.27%, 1.5 times higher than that of a GaN nano-fin under the same aspect ratio of 4. Moreover, after adding the a-Si layer, the overall PCE improved from 32.17 to 40.54% for the sandwich nano-fin. The sandwich structure simultaneously reduces the challenge of manufacturing and improves efficiency compared to current PB-phase metasurfaces.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bhavya Kumar, Rishu Chaujar
Summary: This study investigates the impact of fin aspect ratio on the static, analog, and distortion performance of JAM-GS-GAA FinFET with constant conducting channel area. The results show that increasing fin aspect ratio enhances the static and analog performance of the device, while low fin aspect ratio reduces distortion and improves linearity.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Srinjoy Datta, Sayandeep Banerjee, Amiya K. Samal, Rajesh K. Srivastava
Summary: Understanding the emplacement mechanisms and depths of continental mafic dyke swarms is crucial for understanding magma flow dynamics, plumbing system architecture, and crustal dilation related to large igneous provinces. This study analyzed five Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms in the Eastern Dharwar Craton, confirming that the dykes were formed by vertical magma injection and lateral magma flow at different depths. The emplacement of the dykes can be traced back to the development of fracture systems during and after the Neoarchean accretion event, suggesting a regional stress control.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhili Fan, Min Xia, Bozhang Dong, Ganwei Yan, Wenping Guo, Kecheng Yang, Wei Li
Summary: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has high precision in measuring micrometre-scale structures, but is limited by the correlation with Rayleigh length of Gaussian beam. This study utilized Airy beam to extend the focal depth of the OCT system and achieved a lateral resolution of 7.4 μm and focal depth >6 mm. The improved OCT system shows significant potential for sample measurements at large aspect ratios in the industrial surface detection field.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ragothaman K. Prasath, Mubarak Ali Meerasha, Indumathi Ravi Rajan, G. Madhupriya, Krishnamoorthy Pandiyan
Summary: This paper theoretically analyzed the impact of aspect ratio errors, duty cycle errors, and incomplete domain inversion on the conversion efficiency in QPM devices. Generalized phase profile equations were derived, and corresponding second harmonic efficiency factors were calculated for different grating profiles like under-poled, rectangular, and blazed.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Cemali Altuntas, Nursu Tunalioglu
Summary: The multipath effect in GNSS can be extracted using GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) to obtain environment-related features. However, traditional GNSS-IR methods have limitations in retrieving environmental features. To address this, we proposed an improved method that searches for the proper satellite elevation angle range to improve snow-depth retrievals.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shu Fang, Shufeng Zhang, Zhipeng Cao, Guifeng Zhao, Zhuangcheng Fang, Yuhong Ma, Haibo Jiang
Summary: Steel-precast ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams with grouped short studs in thin full-depth slabs are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for accelerated bridge construction. This study investigated the push-out performance of such beams and found that increases in stud height had minimal effects on shear stiffness, strength, and ductility. Similarly, variations in stud height and cover thickness had negligible influence on the structural performance. However, larger cover thicknesses or larger stud diameters improved the shear behavior of the studs. Based on the findings, recommended lower limits for stud aspect ratios and cover thickness were provided, and more accurate formulas were developed for predicting shear capacity and simulating load-slip relationships.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Ana Radonjic, Alan L. Gilchrist
Summary: The study investigated the influence of luminance range on lightness computations in complex 3-dimensional scenes, supporting the anchoring theory and revealing an expansion of perceived reflectance range relative to actual range. This highlights the importance of the scaling and anchoring problems in lightness theory.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Mark A. Hixon, Brian W. Bowen, Richard R. Coleman, Chelsie W. Counsell, Megan J. Donahue, Erik C. Franklin, John N. Kittinger, Margaret A. McManus, Robert J. Toonen
Summary: Novel methodologies now allow for tracking the complete geographical movements of seafood species, providing valuable information for consumers and resource managers. This mapping requires a synthesis of natural and social sciences, including knowledge of fish population abundance, egg output, larval dispersal, and fisheries assessment.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
C. W. W. Counsell, R. R. Coleman, S. S. Lal, B. W. Bowen, E. C. Franklin, A. B. Neuheimer, B. S. Powell, R. J. Toonen, M. J. Donahue, M. A. Hixon, M. A. McManus
Summary: Many marine animals have a biphasic life cycle in which demersal adults spawn pelagic larvae with high dispersal potential. Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal is critical for describing connectivity and local retention. In this study, insights from a physical-biological model, parentage analyses, and field surveys were combined to investigate the larval dispersal and recruitment of the convict surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus. The results showed that Kane'ohe Bay acted as a partial retention zone, promoting settlement of A. triostegus and exhibiting self-recruitment as well as recruitment from outside sites.
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tom C. L. Bridge, Andrew H. Baird, John M. Pandolfi, Michael J. McWilliam, Mikolaj K. Zapalski
Summary: This study examines the changes in functional diversity of tabulate coral assemblages over a 35 million year period and the impact of the late Devonian extinction event. The collapse of the huge Devonian reef systems resulted in the extinction of photosymbiotic tabulate coral taxa and had long-lasting consequences for reef building and shallow marine ecosystems in the Palaeozoic.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Richard R. Coleman, Brian W. Bowen
Summary: This study used genomic coverage and higher resolution to analyze the genetic connectivity patterns of the endemic surgeonfish in the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll. The results showed population structure in the main Hawaiian Islands while genetic homogeneity in most of the northwestern extent of the archipelago. Net migration from Johnston Atoll to Hawai'i supports the hypothesis of Johnston Atoll being a pathway for dispersal into Hawai'i. This highlights the efficacy of genomic sequencing in characterizing fine-scale patterns of connectivity.
Correction
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Richard R. Coleman, Brian W. Bowen
Article
Plant Sciences
Feresa P. Cabrera, John M. Huisman, Heather L. Spalding, Randall K. Kosaki, Celia M. Smith, Alison R. Sherwood
Summary: Recent investigations in Hawaiian Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems have uncovered several specimens of Kallymeniaceae, indicating widespread cryptic diversity within the genus Croisettea. The discovery of four new Hawaiian species expands the known distribution of the genus to the North Pacific. However, limited sampling suggests that there may be additional species and more accurate distribution ranges yet to be discovered globally.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alison R. Sherwood, Feresa C. Cabrera, G'Voni Kalaiwaa, James T. Fumo, Heather L. Spalding, Randall K. Kosaki, Daniel Wagner, Monica O. Paiano
Summary: Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted to clarify the species diversity of the red algae family Dumontiaceae in Hawaii. While no new species of Dudresnaya were found, a new species of Gibsmithia was discovered. This species differs morphologically from other species and inhabits mesophotic depths, demonstrating its uniqueness.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gemma F. Galbraith, Benjamin J. Cresswell, Mark McCormick, Thomas C. Bridge, Geoffrey P. Jones
Summary: Hydrodynamics on coral reefs vary with depth, reef morphology, and seascape position, which strongly influence the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems. Submerged coral pinnacles experience stronger and more variable currents compared to emergent reefs at the same depth. The study also found different patterns in current speeds and temperature among reef types throughout the year and between seasons.
Article
Ecology
Mike McWilliam, Joshua S. Madin, Tory J. Chase, Mia O. Hoogenboom, Tom C. L. Bridge
Summary: This study shows that coral species undergo consistent intraspecific changes as they cross into warm and acidic environments. These changes contribute to species adaptation and persistence.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Saul Gonzalez-Murcia, Merrick Ekins, Tom C. L. Bridge, Christopher N. Battershill, Geoffrey P. Jones
Summary: Substratum preferences and contact interactions among sessile organisms play a crucial role in shaping the structure of benthic communities on coral reefs. This study investigated the substratum preferences and interactions of sponges in coastal coral reefs, revealing their high association with dead coral, coral rubble, and calcium carbonate rock. The most frequent interactions were observed with algae, corals, and crustose coralline algae, with sponges often overgrowing their spatial competitors. Our findings highlight the importance of substratum preferences and interactions in influencing community dynamics on coral reefs.
Article
Fisheries
Richard R. Coleman, Derek W. Kraft, Mykle L. Hoban, Robert J. Toonen, Brian W. Bowen
Summary: This study used genomic approaches to investigate the gap between spawning and settlement location of the Hawaiian convict tang, revealing that most dispersal occurs between the eastern and southern shores. This finding is significant for the conservation of marine fishes.
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Jeremy Horowitz, Dennis Opresko, Tina N. Molodtsova, Robin J. Beaman, Peter F. Cowman, Tom C. L. Bridge
Summary: This study describes five new species of black corals found in the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea and presents a phylogeny of 80 black corals to understand their systematic relationships. This phylogeny serves as a foundation for future research on the evolutionary history of black corals.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jonathan L. Whitney, Richard R. Coleman, Mark H. Deakos
Summary: We report the complete mitochondrial genome of Mobula alfredi using an ezRAD method. The mitogenome is 18,166 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a non-coding control region. The gene organization and length are similar to other Mobula species. The reference mitogenome, including the control region, will be a valuable resource for molecular species identification, population genomics, and phylogeography.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jeremy Horowitz, Andrea M. Quattrini, Mercer R. Brugler, David J. Miller, Kristina Pahang, Tom C. L. Bridge, Peter F. Cowman
Summary: This study reconstructs the evolutionary history of black corals and reveals their diversification process in the deep sea. The findings indicate that black corals first appeared in the early Silurian period and later adapted to both continental shelf and abyssal habitats. This research has significant implications for the conservation of anthozoan lineages.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Erika Gress, Tom C. Bridge, Justin Fyfe, Gemma Galbraith
Summary: Herbivorous fishes play important roles in coral reef ecosystems, and their interactions with corals may have implications for coral health.
OCEANS-SWITZERLAND
(2023)