Article
Substance Abuse
Gary C. K. Chan, Carmen Lim, Tianze Sun, Daniel Stjepanovic, Jason Connor, Wayne Hall, Janni Leung
Summary: This paper introduces the potential outcomes framework for causal inference and summarizes well-established causal analysis methods for observational data in addiction research. It provides examples and analysis codes to assist researchers in conducting these analyses.
Article
Psychology
Leonard Frach, Eshim S. S. Jami, Tom A. A. McAdams, Frank Dudbridge, Jean-Baptiste Pingault
Summary: Identifying early causal factors is crucial for developing effective preventive interventions for poor mental health and behavioral outcomes. Parental risk factors, such as maternal stress during pregnancy, parental education, parental psychopathology, and parent-child relationship, are significantly associated with child outcomes, highlighting the importance of parental influence. However, these associations may also be influenced by confounding factors, such as genetic transmission. Observational studies can help infer causality, and this review provides an overview of current causal inference methods in intergenerational settings, including genetically informed and analytical methods. The review discusses their application to child mental health and outlines future research areas for investigating the causal nature of intergenerational effects.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Katherine J. Lee, Kate M. Tilling, Rosie P. Cornish, Roderick J. A. Little, Melanie L. Bell, Els Goetghebeur, Joseph W. Hogan, James R. Carpenter
Summary: Missing data is common in medical research, but handling them properly is crucial for the validity and reproducibility of research findings. This framework aims to help researchers address missing data systematically and transparently, thereby increasing confidence in research results.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Statistics & Probability
K. B. Kulasekera, Sudaraka Tholkage, Maiying Kong
Summary: This article discusses the estimation of the optimal personalized treatment based on individual patient characteristics. The use of inverse probability of treatment weighted machine learning methods shows desirable performance in predicting the optimal treatment.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jiazhong Lu, Weisha Zhang, Ziye Deng, Shibin Zhang, Yan Chang, Xiaolei Liu
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of data steganography technology based on network data flow, which uses the relationship between data packets in the network data stream to perform data hiding and secondary authentication. This method encodes hidden data by embedding interval values in data packets, ensuring concealment and robustness in network data streams.
NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Van Thu Nguyen, Mishelle Engleton, Mauricia Davison, Philippe Ravaud, Raphael Porcher, Isabelle Boutron
Summary: Reporting of essential information of study design in observational studies remained suboptimal. Selection bias and immortal time bias were common methodological issues that researchers and physicians should be aware of when interpreting the results of observational studies using routinely collected data.
Article
Anesthesiology
Haoyan Zhong, Pa Thor, Alex Illescas, Crispiana Cozowicz, Alejandro Gonzalez Della Valle, Jiabin Liu, Stavros G. Memtsoudis, Jashvant Poeran
Summary: Research using existing databases in anesthesia has expanded significantly in the last decade. Administrative databases and clinical registries are commonly used as data sources in multi-institutional observational studies. The scope of anesthesia-related research is wide, covering topics such as optimal anesthesia type, analgesic protocols, outcomes, and cost of care. Researchers should consider various factors when choosing data sources for their studies, including population coverage, data adequacy, budget, limitations, analytics resources, and follow-up studies.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2022)
Letter
Automation & Control Systems
Peihao Du, Weimin Zhong, Xin Peng, Linlin Li, Zhi Li
Summary: This letter addresses the issue of data-driven fault compensation tracking control for a coupled wastewater treatment process (WWTP) affected by sensor faults. Invariant set theory is utilized to eliminate the conditions of coupled non-affine dynamics and explicitly express the control inputs. An adaptive fault compensation mechanism is developed to adapt to the effects of sensor faults. Experimental studies on a standardized WWTP platform are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
IEEE-CAA JOURNAL OF AUTOMATICA SINICA
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Nicholas C. Chesnaye, Vianda S. Stel, Giovanni Tripepi, Friedo W. Dekker, Edouard L. Fu, Carmine Zoccali, Kitty J. Jager
Summary: This article introduces the concept of inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and its application in adjusting for measured confounding in observational research, using a clinical example in nephrology. IPTW involves calculating the probability of exposure to the risk factor or intervention of interest based on individual characteristics (propensity score), and then calculating weights as the inverse of the propensity score. Application of these weights creates a pseudopopulation with balanced confounders across exposed and unexposed groups in studies, and it can also be applied in longitudinal studies to address informative censoring and time-dependent confounding.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sixten Borg, Ann-Sofi Horstedt, Tobias Carlsson, Mef Nilbert, Anna-Maria Larsson, Bjorn Ohlsson
Summary: Standardized cancer patient pathways (CPPs) were introduced in Swedish healthcare to improve diagnostics, patient satisfaction and equity of care. The use of CPPs efficiently detects cancer, with some targets being met.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert Hamlin
Summary: The main barrier to the publication of observational research is addressed in this commentary, which provides recommendations on how to improve reliability. It analyzes the issue of research reliability in detail and describes the sources of unreliability, concluding that randomized designs are not automatically superior to observational research. It proposes four key principles for observational researchers to follow when designing nutrition studies, and suggests replicating the optimal size exercise multiple times to establish reliability and credibility.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jun Wang, Ziying Yang, Carlotta Domeniconi, Xiangliang Zhang, Guoxian Yu
Summary: CDPathway is a novel approach that can identify cooperative driver pathways by quantifying driver weights and constructing heterogeneous networks, which effectively identify candidate driver genes and reconstruct pathway interaction networks.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. Joeri van der Velde, Gurnoor Singh, Rajaram Kaliyaperumal, Xiaofeng Liao, Sander de Ridder, Susanne Rebers, Hindrik H. D. Kerstens, Fernanda de Andrade, Jeroen van Reeuwijk, Fini E. De Gruyter, Saskia Hiltemann, Maarten Ligtvoet, Marjan M. Weiss, Hanneke W. M. van Deutekom, Anne M. L. Jansen, Andrew P. Stubbs, Lisenka E. L. M. Vissers, Jeroen F. J. Laros, Esther van Enckevort, Daphne Stemkens, Peter A. C. t Hoen, Jeroen A. M. Belien, Marielle E. van Gijn, Morris A. Swertz
Summary: FAIR Genomes aims to facilitate the reuse of genomic data by developing metadata standards and providing templates for data entry and programmatic interfaces. It addresses the challenge of storing and sharing genomic data by offering a semantic schema for data descriptions. With FAIR Genomes, rare disease diagnosis and personalized medicine research can be enhanced.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Bikramjit Basu, N. H. Gowtham, Yang Xiao, Surya R. Kalidindi, Kam W. Leong
Summary: This leading opinion review paper emphasizes the integration of data science concepts and algorithms with biomaterials science. It also highlights the need for a mathematically rigorous cross-disciplinary framework that allows for systematic quantitative exploration and curation of critical biomaterials knowledge, driven by the concept of "biomaterialomics" which integrates multi-omics data and high-dimensional analysis with artificial intelligence tools like machine learning. The formulation of this approach has been demonstrated for patient-specific implants, additive manufacturing, and bioelectronic medicine.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Nina Zhou, Lu Wang, Daniel Almirall
Summary: A dynamic treatment regime is a series of decision rules that guide treatment based on an individual's static and time-varying status. However, there are often restrictions on treatment sequences when analyzing observational data. To address this challenge, a restricted tree-based reinforcement learning method is proposed, which searches for an interpretable DTR under user-specified restrictions to achieve the best treatment outcomes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Theresa A. Rowe, Tiffany Brown, Ji Young Lee, Jeffrey A. Linder, Daniella Meeker, Jason N. Doctor, Noah J. Goldstein, Craig R. Fox, Stephen D. Persell
Summary: This study developed and tested clinical decision support alerts informed by social psychology to address overuse in ambulatory care of older adults. The results showed that the alerts were effective in reducing unnecessary testing and treatment.
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jeremiah R. Brown, Richard Solomon, Meagan E. Stabler, Sharon Davis, Elizabeth Carpenter-Song, Lisa Zubkoff, Dax M. Westerman, Chad Dorn, Kevin C. Cox, Freneka Minter, Hani Jneid, Jesse W. Currier, S. Ahmed Athar, Saket Girotra, Calvin Leung, Thomas J. Helton, Ajay Agarwal, Mladen I. Vidovich, Mary E. Plomondon, Stephen W. Waldo, Kelly A. Aschbrenner, A. James O'Malley, Michael E. Matheny
Summary: The combination of team-based coaching in a Virtual Learning Collaborative and Automated Surveillance Reporting can reduce the occurrence of AKI after cardiac catheterization, especially in patients with CKD.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lars Christian Lund, Patricia Hjorslev Jensen, Anton Pottegard, Morten Andersen, Nicole Pratt, Jesper Hallas
Summary: Using Danish nationwide health registries, researchers identified 70 drug-diabetes associations, of which 27 were previously unknown. These findings are important for understanding the drugs that can cause diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gereltuya Dorj, Nibu Parameswaran Nair, Luke Bereznicki, Lan Thu-Kelly, Nicole Pratt, Lisa Kalisch Ellet, Andre Andrade, Debra Rowett, Joseph Whitehouse, Imaina Widagdo, Rebecca L. Bilton, Renly Lim, Elizabeth Roughead
Summary: Residents of aged-care facilities have a higher risk of adverse drug events, which are associated with factors such as age, weight, previous falls, and the use of sedative or hypnotic medicines. Improved cognition is protective against adverse drug events.
Correction
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gereltuya Dorj, Nibu Parameswaran Nair, Luke Bereznicki, Thu-Lan Kelly, Nicole Pratt, Lisa Kalisch-Ellett, Andre Andrade, Debra Rowett, Joseph Whitehouse, Imaina Widagdo, Rebecca L. Bilton, Renly Lim, Elizabeth Roughead
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andre Q. Andrade, Renly Lim, Thu-Lan Kelly, Gaynor Parfitt, Nicole Pratt, Elizabeth E. Roughead
Summary: This study evaluates the use of digital biomarkers derived from actigraphy measures as a screening tool for frail individuals. The results show that the temporal correlation of the actigraphy signal is strongly associated with death and hospitalization risk, but not with cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lisa M. Kalisch Ellett, Gerel Dorj, Andre Q. Andrade, Rebecca L. Bilton, Debra Rowett, Joseph Whitehouse, Renly Lim, Nicole L. Pratt, Thu-Lan Kelly, Nibu Parameswaran Nair, Luke Bereznicki, Imaina Widagdo, Elizabeth E. Roughead
Summary: This study examined the prevalence and preventability of adverse medicine events among aged care residents in Australia. The results showed that 62% of residents experienced a medicine-related adverse event, and 54% of these events were preventable within a 12-month period.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xinning Tong, Chin-Yao Shen, Ha-Lim Jeon, Yihua Li, Ju-Young Shin, Shirley C. W. Chan, Kai Hang Yiu, Nicole L. Pratt, Michael Ward, Chak Sing Lau, Ian C. K. Wong, Xue Li, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
Summary: This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular safety of interleukin-6 inhibitors (IL-6i) and Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The results showed no significant difference in the risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) between IL-6i and JAKi compared to TNFi. This finding was consistent across Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Korea.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Anna Ostropolets, Yasser Albogami, Mitchell Conover, Juan M. Banda, William A. Baumgartner Jr, Clair Blacketer, Priyamvada Desai, Scott L. DuVall, Stephen Fortin, James P. Gilbert, Asieh Golozar, Joshua Ide, Andrew S. Kanter, David M. Kern, Chungsoo Kim, Lana Y. H. Lai, Chenyu Li, Feifan Liu, Kristine E. Lynch, Evan Minty, Maria Ines Neves, Ding Quan Ng, Tontel Obene, Victor Pera, Nicole Pratt, Gowtham Rao, Nadav Rappoport, Ines Reinecke, Paola Saroufim, Azza Shoaibi, Katherine Simon, Marc A. Suchard, Joel N. Swerdel, Erica A. Voss, James Weaver, Linying Zhang, George Hripcsak, Patrick B. Ryan
Summary: Objective observational studies should be robust and reproducible, but nonreproducibility is often caused by unclear reporting. This study aimed to assess how different interpretations of study logic can impact patient characteristics.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Renly Lim, Dorothea Dumuid, Gaynor Parfitt, Tyson Stanford, Dannielle Post, Rebecca Bilton, Lisa M. Kalisch Ellett, Nicole Pratt, Elizabeth E. Roughead
Summary: Studies have found that the use of sedative or anticholinergic medications is associated with decreased physical function, but the specific effects on physical movements have not been quantified. This study used data from a randomized trial to quantify the impact of changes in sedative or anticholinergic load on 24-hour activity composition. The results showed that an increase in sedative or anticholinergic load was associated with an increase in sedentary time.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jack L. Janetzki, Nicole L. Pratt, Michael B. Ward, Matthew J. Sykes
Summary: In-silico molecular modelling approaches identified that certain registered drugs may inhibit Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further pharmacovigilance and biological analyses are required to ensure appropriate use of these medications.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anna K. Moffat, Jemisha Apajee, Vanessa T. Le Blanc, Kerrie Westaway, Andre Q. Andrade, Emmae N. Ramsay, Natalie Blacker, Nicole L. Pratt, Elizabeth Ellen Roughead
Summary: A national intervention was implemented to reduce opioid use among patients with chronic non-cancer pain, which included various strategies such as audit and feedback, deprescribing guidance, pain neuroscience education, and increasing utilization of psychologist services.
BMJ QUALITY & SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Tiffany J. Callahan, Adrianne L. Stefanski, Jordan M. Wyrwa, Chenjie Zeng, Anna Ostropolets, Juan M. Banda, William A. Baumgartner, Richard D. Boyce, Elena Casiraghi, Ben D. Coleman, Janine H. Collins, Sara J. Deakyne Davies, James A. Feinstein, Asiyah Y. Lin, Blake Martin, Nicolas A. Matentzoglu, Daniella Meeker, Justin Reese, Jessica Sinclair, Sanya B. Taneja, Katy E. Trinkley, Nicole A. Vasilevsky, Andrew E. Williams, Xingmin A. Zhang, Joshua C. Denny, Patrick B. Ryan, George Hripcsak, Tellen D. Bennett, Melissa A. Haendel, Peter N. Robinson, Lawrence E. Hunter, Michael G. Kahn
Summary: Common data models address standardization challenges in EHR data, but fail to integrate all resources for deep phenotyping. OBO ontologies provide computable representations of biological knowledge, but mapping EHR data to OBO ontologies requires manual curation. OMOP2OBO is an algorithm that maps OMOP vocabularies to OBO ontologies, enabling deep phenotyping and identification of undiagnosed patients.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
L. Parker Gregg, Melandrea L. Worsley, David J. Ramsey, Matthew W. Segar, Michael E. Matheny, Salim S. Virani, Sankar D. Navaneethan
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Paul Kingsbury, Hakob Abajian, Mark Abajian, Praveen Angyan, Juan Espinoza, Beau MacDonald, Daniella Meeker, John P. Wilson, Neil Bahroos
Summary: Social and Environmental Determinants of Health (SEDoH) are gaining attention in personal and public health research. The release of SEnDAE, an open-source toolkit, aims to facilitate the collection and association of various environmental variables with patient medical records by ingesting them from different sources and linking them to arbitrary addresses.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)