Article
Polymer Science
Elizabeth Stubbs, Moira Brown, Anna Q. Steele, Alan J. Lesser, Todd Emrick
Summary: Multifunctional epoxide monomers offer the opportunity to design cross-linked networks with adjustable thermal and mechanical properties. This paper presents the synthesis of a novel multifunctional deoxybenzoin monomer containing epoxide and allyl groups, and its use in the preparation of epoxide networks. The orthogonal reactivity of these functional groups allows for the formation of networks with adjustable glass transition temperatures and crosslink densities. Characterization using thermogravimetric analysis and microscale combustion calorimetry shows that these networks have significantly lower heat release properties and high char residues.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tingting Tang, Shanchi Wang, Yue Jiang, Zhiguang Xu, Yu Chen, Tianshu Peng, Fawad Khan, Jiabing Feng, Pingan Song, Yan Zhao
Summary: In this study, phosphorylated MXene/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by coating phosphorylated MXene on PP fabric and hot-pressing. The composites exhibited improved thermal stability, flame retardancy, high electrical conductivity, and excellent EMI shielding performance.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Youlin Qin, Mingchao Li, Tuankang Huang, Chunhui Shen, Shanjun Gao
Summary: In this study, a star-shaped flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized and combined with ammonium polyphosphate to form an intumescent flame-retardant system. The stable star-shaped structure and the synergistic effect between phosphorus and nitrogen enabled the formation of an insulating char layer on the surface of the polymer matrix. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composite were significantly improved compared to pure polymer.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Jung-Hun Lee, Dawon Jang, Inchan Yang, Seong Mu Jo, Sungho Lee
Summary: In this study, lignin filler modified by phosphorylation was incorporated into polypropylene (PP) to improve its flame retardancy. The addition of phosphorylated lignin (pL) decreased the heat release rate and total smoke release, and formed a protective layer for PP, thus enhancing its flame retardancy.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lingyu Meng, Xiangrui Li, Mingli Liu, Chunfeng Li, Lipeng Meng, Sen Hou
Summary: In this study, a simple and environment-friendly method of treating ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with a coupling agent was introduced, and an optimal modification process was identified. The effects of coupling agent type, dosage, modification time, and modification temperature on the modification of APP were investigated. The modified APP, known as KAPP, exhibited improved water solubility, dispersibility, and thermal stability. The application of KAPP in polypropylene (PP) was also studied, and the results showed that the PP composites with KAPP had better bending properties and flame retardancy compared to those with APP.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Y. Li, X. Chen, Q. Liu, J. Sun, H. Li, X. Gu, S. Jiang, S. Zhang
Summary: In this study, cross-functional additives were designed to enhance the flame retardancy and UV resistance of polypropylene composites. The use of coated ammonium polyphosphate and charring formation agent resulted in improved properties.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yu Wang, Jianfeng Pan, Junfeng Wang, Qingbo Lu, Yi Zhang, Evans K. Quaye
Summary: The FREI dynamics of methane/oxygen mixture were experimentally observed in a micro quartz tube combustor. A 2-D model successfully predicted the propagation features of the FREI flame, which were in agreement with the experimental results. Four stages of flame front propagation were revealed based on simulations: accelerating stage, decelerating stage, reverse propagating stage, and weak reaction stage. Further analysis on radical and heat release rate (HRR) confirmed that the regeneration of CH4 behind the flame front and the reducing consumption of the overall amount of methane were the main factors for flame deacceleration and eventually extinction. After extinction, methane consumption tended to occur along the combustor wall due to the high wall temperature.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fu-Rong Zeng, Bo-Wen Liu, Zi-Hao Wang, Jia-Yan Zhang, Xue-Lian Chen, Hai-Bo Zhao, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: In this study, multifunctional biophenolic nanospheres were developed, which can be stimuli-responsive and reversibly assembled based on multiple directional interactions. These nanospheres can be repeatedly disassembled, removed, reassembled, and reused sustainably. They show excellent mechanical enhancement, aging resistance, and durable flame retardancy in thermoset foams.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Tonghui Yang, Yanpeng Wu, Yongchang Cheng, Tao Huang, Bin Yu, Meifang Zhu, Hao Yu
Summary: A novel linear triazine-based charring agent ETDPCs was successfully synthesized and combined with fire-retardant to fabricate intumescent flame-retardant PP composites with improved flame retardancy and thermal stability.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuai Yan, Yan Gong, Zhengqiao Duan, Qinghua Guo, Guangsuo Yu
Summary: The correlation between heat release rate and OH*, CH* chemiluminescence in methane inverse diffusion flame is explored. It is found that the flame heat release rate is mainly related to the formation and consumption of several species. The gradient of ground state OH concentration and the distribution of CH* and OH* are consistent with the heat release rate distribution.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chinmay Saraf, Elizabeth Stubbs, Weiguo Hu, Todd Emrick, Alan J. Lesser
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of DMMP on epoxy resins, showing that integrating DMMP into epoxy networks can improve flame retardance, stiffness, and reduce heat release, thereby slowing down combustion.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhenhua Tang, Kun Zhao, Zhirong Wang, Jizhe Wang, Yi Pan
Summary: This study focuses on the burning behaviors of horizontal hydrogen jet fires under the action of a water curtain system. The experimental results show that the shape of the hydrogen jet flame expanded on the water curtain is elliptical at different conditions. A new dimensionless heat release rate is proposed to estimate the flame extension length.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ruslan Khamedov, Wonsik Song, Francisco E. Hernandez-Perez, Hong G. Im
Summary: Ammonia combustion is a promising energy source with zero CO2 emissions and potential use in hydrogen combustion. The study provides insights into the heat release characteristics of ammonia in MILD combustion through numerical simulations. The findings have important implications for understanding the combustion behavior and reaction mechanisms of ammonia.
Article
Polymer Science
Yan Zhang, Fenglong Lin, Yincai Wu, Shenglong Wang, Ziteng Liu, Lijun Song
Summary: In this study, cerium based DOPO derivative (Ce@DDP) was synthesized by hydrothermal method and its effects on flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP) were investigated. The results showed that when adding 17 wt% of intumescent flame retardants (IFR) and 1 wt% of Ce@DDP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of the resulting PP composite were reduced by 62.0% and 42.3%, respectively. Furthermore, Ce@DDP significantly improved the thermal stability and char formation ability of PP/IFR.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Luo, Yituan He, Chunzhi Liu, Shiyong Liao
Summary: The effects of adding dimethyl ether (DME) on biodiesel (BD) combustion were studied through counterflow flame modeling. The study found that both air-side and fuel-side blending of DME can slightly increase the peak temperature and widen the reaction zones of the flames. DME is primarily oxidized within a specific flame region with a higher temperature than BD.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Na Li, Zhi Li, Zhiqi Liu, Yunxian Yang, Yuchen Jia, Jisheng Li, Ming Wei, Lijuan Li, De-yi Wang
Summary: In this study, magnesium hydroxide micro-whiskers (mw-MH) were incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to improve its fire safety performance. The results showed that the addition of mw-MH significantly increased the limited oxygen index (LOI) of EP and reduced the heat release rate (HRR) and smoke production rate (SPR). Furthermore, EP/mw-MH micro-composites exhibited excellent total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) performance.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mercedes Santiago-Calvo, Maria Carracedo-Perez, Maria Luisa Puertas, Antonio Esteban-Cubillo, Julio Santaren, Fernando Villafane, Miguel-angel Rodriguez-Perez
Summary: In this study, a flame retardant material called SFG was used to enhance the thermal stability of water-blown rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams. The effects of different contents of SFG on foam density, microcellular structure, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity were examined. The addition of 6% SFG resulted in a slightly improved thermal stability but deteriorated cellular structure compared to the reference material. The influence of SFG on chemical reactions during the foaming process was studied using FTIR spectroscopy, and the foam formulation with 6% SFG was optimized based on the obtained information. Overall, the inclusion of SFG allowed for the best performance of RPU foams to be achieved.
Article
Polymer Science
Shuang-Lin Hu, Ying-Ming Li, Wen-Juan Hu, Jose Hobson, De-Yi Wang
Summary: A highly efficient flame retardant, MA-DOPO, was designed through a nucleophilic substitution reaction and showed promising improvement in tensile strength and flame retardancy of UPR composites. The flame-retarding mechanism involves the release of inert gas in the gas phase and catalytic carbonation in the condensed phase.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jose Hobson, Guang-Zhong Yin, Xiaoli Yu, Xiaodong Zhou, Silvia Gonzalez Prolongo, Xiang Ao, De-Yi Wang
Summary: Rare earth oxide particles have gained significant attention due to their wide diversity of applications. In this study, cerium oxide was incorporated into EVA/MDH composites, resulting in improved flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and anti-ultraviolet aging performance. The addition of CeO2 significantly increased the elongation at break and Young's modulus of the composites, and reduced the peak heat release rate. The combination of CeO2 with MDH improved the filler-polymer interaction and dispersion, leading to enhanced mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and anti-ultraviolet aging performance.
Article
Polymer Science
De-Xin Ma, Yuan Yang, Guang-Zhong Yin, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Yan Jiang, Na Wang, De-Yi Wang
Summary: This study prepared ZIF-67@ATP by in situ growth and investigated its flame retardant properties when added to EVA/MH composites. The results showed that ZIF-67@ATP improved the flame retardancy of the composites and had a positive effect on their mechanical properties.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Zhu-Bao Shao, Xiang Song, Tian-Ci Wang, Jing Cui, Wen Ye, Baoyun Xu, De-Yi Wang
Summary: A novel constructing strategy was used to obtain super-efficient flame retardants containing metal elements for epoxy resin, resulting in excellent fire protection.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jing Zhang, Xiang Ao, Xiuqin Zhang, Rui Wang, Xu Jin, Wen Ye, Baoyun Xu, De-Yi Wang
Summary: By preparing a dual transition metal 3D nanostructured UiO66-MoS2 nanohybrid, it was found that the fire retardancy of epoxy resin can be significantly improved, with a decrease in peak heat release rate and carbon monoxide production. Through catalytic carbonization, MOF enhances the quality of the char and lowers the carbonization temperature, thereby enhancing the fire safety performance.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Xiang Ao, Jose Sanchez del Rio Saez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: Currently, the high concentration of particulate matter (PMs) in the air poses a growing hazard to human health. The use of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has emerged as a useful technology for filtering PMs with potentially low environmental impact. This review summarizes the advancements and effectiveness of TENGs in triboelectric air filters (TAFs) and face mask systems (TFMs) against PMs, bacteria, and viruses, and discusses prospects, environmental concerns, and potential challenges.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Jose Sanchez del Rio Saez, Jimena de la Vega, Xiang Ao, De-Yi Wang
Summary: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have become mandatory in many countries and an effective approach to combat the virus. Triboelectric nano-generators (TENGs) have been proposed for designing effective face masks with novel functionalities. This study introduces the use of an all-fabric TENG made of high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and cotton fabric for detecting breath and triggering alarms. The study also demonstrates the remote transmission of breathing signals and anomaly warnings via Wi-Fi and LoRa.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Junchen Xiao, Jose Hobson, Arnab Ghosh, Maciej Haranczyk, De-Yi Wang
Summary: With the increasing practical applications of polymeric materials, there is a surging demand for high-performance flame-retardant polymer composites. Machine learning models based on the Random Forest algorithm were developed to accurately predict the performance of flame-retardant materials. The models achieved high accuracy in predicting important flame-retardancy-evaluating parameters and revealed the complex influence of feature groups on target properties.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiaolu Li, Jose Sanchez del Rio Saez, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Xiang Ao, Raquel Sanchez Diaz, De-Yi Wang
Summary: This study proposes a strategy for fabricating wallpaper-based smart fire-warning systems using eco-friendly cellulose paper. The system is produced through a simple dip-coating technique and offers flexibility, rapid low-temperature warning, and novel local and remote wireless signal conversion capability. The system balances flexibility and flame retardancy, provides fast low-temperature warning within 2 seconds under 250 degrees C, and allows for wireless transmission of collected luminosity and temperature data to local and remote computers. This work contributes to the development of low-temperature smart fire-warning systems with wireless warning signal transmission for smart and efficient fire detection.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Xiang Ao, Junchen Xiao, Jose Hobson, Jimena de la Vega, Guangzhong Yin, Maria Luisa Puertas Cuadron, Antonio Esteban Cubillo, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: This study investigates the use of a bilayer protective coating to enhance the fire safety and post-fire mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs). The results show that the bilayer coating can delay the decomposition of the polymer matrix, while also providing good thermal insulation capabilities and retaining the original tensile strength.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miguel Hernandez-del-Valle, Christina Schenk, Lucia Echevarria-Pastrana, Burcu Ozdemir, Enrique Dios-Lazaro, Jorge Ilarraza-Zuazo, De-Yi Wang, Maciej Haranczyk
Summary: This article presents an automated robotized workflow for producing test specimens of new thermoplastic polymers using 3D printing and evaluating their mechanical properties through the Charpy impact test. The workflow involves pellet-based 3D printers, a collaborative robot manipulator, a balance and camera vision system, and an automated impact tester instrument. Two approaches, design of experiment and Bayesian optimization, are investigated to control the workflow and identify acceptable 3D print parameters.
Review
Thermodynamics
Yunxian Yang, Laia Haurie, De-Yi Wang
Summary: Bio-based materials have great potential in the construction industry, but improving their fire resistance is a key concern. Different types of bio-based materials require targeted improvements in fire resistance, especially in the research of fire safety for wood and crop-based materials.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
