Statecraft and expansionary dynamics: A Viru outpost at Huaca Prieta, Chicama Valley, Peru

Interpolity interaction and regional control were central features of all early state societies, taking the form of trade-embedded in political processes to varying degrees-or interregional conquest strategies meant to expand the polity's control or influence over neighboring territories. Cross-cultural analyses of early statecraft suggest that territorial expansion was an integral part of the process of primary state formation, closely associated with the delegation of authority to subordinate administrators and the construction of core outposts of the state in foreign territories. We report here on a potential case of a core outpost, associated with the early Viru state, at the site of Huaca Prieta in the Chicama Valley, located 75 km north of the Viru state heartland on the north coast of Peru. This site is discussed in the context of other possible Viru outposts in the Moche Valley, Pampa La Cruz, and Huaca Las Estrellas, and as part of a broader reflection on expansionary dynamics and statecraft.