Article
Microbiology
Kara A. Tinker, Elizabeth A. Ottesen
Summary: The gut microbiome composition in cockroaches is influenced by host genetics, founder's effects, and host environment. Using cockroaches as a model, this study found that the gut microbiome differs by both species and rearing environment. Transition to a laboratory environment decreased microbiome diversity for both species of wild-caught insects.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yunrui Ji, Fang Liu, Diqiang Li, Zhiyu Chen, Peng Chen
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms of coexistence between Asiatic black bears and brown bears in northeastern China. The findings revealed that the two bear species exhibited spatial and temporal divergences to avoid competition and facilitate coexistence.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mathilde Godefroid, Mathilde Vandendriessche, Gildas Georges Boleslas Todinanahary, Ignace Ransquin, Philippe Dubois
Summary: This study found that thermal sensitivity in antipatharians is influenced by morphological differences, with unbranched species being more tolerant to thermal stress. Additionally, temperature variability in the environment was found to affect thermal sensitivity.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Zoology
Dusit Ngoprasert, Robert Steinmetz, Kriangsak Sribuarod, George A. Gale
Summary: This study investigates the fine-scale spatio-temporal overlap between sun bears and Asiatic black bears in Thailand. The results show a high degree of ecological overlap between these two species, although there are slight differences in activity peaks and occupancy rates at different sites.
Article
Zoology
Nathaniel R. Bowersock, Hitomi Okada, Andrea R. Litt, Kerry A. Gunther, Frank T. van Manen
Summary: Tree-rubbing behavior, believed to be a form of scent-marking communication, is exhibited by several bear species. This study investigated the differences in rub tree selection between sympatric American black bears and grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park. The results showed variations in rub tree selection between the two bear species, with black bears choosing trees in forested areas and grizzly bears selecting trees in both forested and more open areas. Genetic analysis of collected hair samples enhanced interpretation of rub tree use and selection by bears.
Article
Zoology
Michal Bonin, Christian Dussault, Joelle Taillon, John Pisapio, Nicolas Lecomte, Steeve D. Cote
Summary: Predators have a highly variable diet and their ability to adapt to different ecological conditions is exemplified by their flexibility in foraging. Understanding the diets of predators in unpredictable environments is important for comprehending their ecological flexibility and the potential impact of predation on prey populations. This study examined the diets of wolves and black bears in Northern Quebec and Labrador, Canada, within the range of two migratory caribou herds. The results highlight the diet flexibility of these predators and its relation to the distribution and abundance of prey.
JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Kwangsik Jang, Jeong-Jin Yang, Joo-Yeul Choi, Seung-Hyo Lim, Seong-Chan Yeon, Kyung Mi Shim, Se Eun Kim, Seong Soo Kang
Summary: This study documented the rescue, surgery, and rehabilitation process of two severely injured Asiatic black bears, as well as their fate after being released into the wild. The findings suggest that bears treated with surgery were able to adapt well in their natural habitat, without any conflicts with humans.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yeying Wang, Zhengmin Long, Yu Zhang, Xianyu Li, Xu Zhang, Haijun Su
Summary: This study investigated the effects of host genetic background and diet on the gut microbiota of wild birds. The results showed that diet had a significant impact on the functional pathways of the gut microbiota, while host genetic background played a more decisive role in determining the composition of the microbiota. Monitoring changes in gut microbiota and feeding types of wild birds through fecal samples is important for the conservation of endangered species.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lisa K. F. Lee, Glenna F. McGregor, Katherine H. Haman, Stephen Raverty, Michael E. Grigg, Karen Shapiro, Helen Schwantje, Delaney Schofer, Michael J. Lee, Chelsea G. Himsworth, Kaylee A. Byers
Summary: Sarcocystis spp. parasites were detected in 40% of free-ranging bears in British Columbia, with American black bears being the majority. Some bears, especially cubs, were found to have died from sarcocystosis. Further research is needed to better understand the disease epidemiology and its impact on bear populations.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
N. Jane Harms, Meghan Larivee, Brad Scandrett, Don Russell
Summary: Trichinella spp. nematodes in bear species pose health risks to humans when larvae are ingested in meat. The prevalence and intensity of infection vary between black bears and grizzly bears in the Yukon area of Canada, highlighting the importance of communicating the health risks to those consuming bear meat.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Melissa Reynolds-Hogland, Alan B. Ramsey, Carly Muench, Kirsten Terkildsen, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Cory Engkjer, Philip W. Ramsey
Summary: This study used long-term video data to observe and classify tool use behaviors by American black bears in Montana, USA. The findings include bears picking up sticks to scratch and/or rub themselves and manipulating a tree sapling to reach hanging food. The study also identified parent-offspring relationships among the tool users, suggesting the possibility of social learning and/or genetic inheritance in tool use behavior. These findings contribute to the limited research on tool use in bears and highlight the value of long-term video data in documenting wild bear behavior.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Phillip Brown, Kevin Hernandez, Cameron Parsons, Yi Chen, Nicholas Gould, Christopher S. Deperno, Jeffrey Niedermeyer, Sophia Kathariou
Summary: Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe disease. This study analyzed strains of L. monocytogenes and non-pathogenic Listeria spp. isolated from wild black bears for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The results showed that tetracycline resistance was more common in non-pathogenic Listeria strains and identified different resistance elements in these strains. The study suggests that non-pathogenic Listeria strains in wildlife may serve as reservoirs for AMR determinants and should be further monitored.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Melissa J. Reynolds-Hogland, Alan B. Ramsey, Carly Muench, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Cory Engkjer, Philip W. Ramsey
Summary: This study combines genetic and video data to reconstruct a population-level pedigree of wild black bears and estimates several biological parameters. The results show that video data can improve individual detection rates and provide information on individual birth years. Additionally, maternal identity has a significant impact on cub survival.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Elisa Torretta, Luca Riboldi, Elena Costa, Claudio Delfoco, Erica Frignani, Alberto Meriggi
Summary: Through studying niche partitioning between the golden jackal and the red fox in northeastern Italy, it was found that the two species exhibit partial diet partitioning based on prey size and marked spatial partitioning based on habitat preferences. The golden jackal showed specialist habitat selection, while the red fox displayed a generalist approach, potentially as an avoidance response to reduce encounters with the golden jackal.
BMC ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Zoology
A. A. D. McLaren, S. E. Jamieson, M. Bond, A. R. Rodgers, B. R. Patterson
Summary: American black bears are opportunistic foragers with a diet predominantly comprised of vegetation, but they also consume some vertebrates. They are known to prey on ungulates, especially neonates, with regional variations in predation pressure. In a study in northern Ontario, Canada, black bears were found to primarily consume herbaceous plants, fruits/seeds, moose, beaver, and insects during the calving season.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Daniel D. Bjornlie, Michael R. Ebinger, Daniel J. Thompson, Cecily M. Costello, Gary C. White
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
(2016)
Article
Ecology
Michael R. Ebinger, Mark A. Haroldson, Frank T. van Manen, Cecily M. Costello, Daniel D. Bjornlie, Daniel J. Thompson, Kerry A. Gunther, Jennifer K. Fortin, Justin E. Teisberg, Shannon R. Pils, P. J. White, Steven L. Cain, Paul C. Cross
Article
Zoology
Joseph W. Hinton, Annaliese K. Ashley, Justin A. Dellinger, John L. Gittleman, Frank T. van Manen, Michael J. Chamberlain
JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
(2017)
Article
Ecology
Christopher P. Peck, Frank T. van Manen, Cecily M. Costello, Mark A. Haroldson, Lisa A. Landenburger, Lori L. Roberts, Daniel D. Bjornlie, Richard D. Mace
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shyamala Ratnayeke, Frank T. van Manen, Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Noor Azleen Mohd Kulaimi, Stuart P. Sharp
Article
Ecology
Joseph W. Hinton, John L. Gittleman, Frank T. van Manen, Michael J. Chamberlain
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph W. Hinton, Frank T. van Manen, Michael J. Chamberlain
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph W. Hinton, Christine Proctor, Marcella J. Kelly, Frank T. van Manen, Michael R. Vaughan, Michael J. Chamberlain
Article
Ecology
Paul C. Cross, Frank T. van Manen, Mafalda Viana, Emily S. Almberg, Daniel Bachen, Ellen E. Brandell, Mark A. Haroldson, Peter J. Hudson, Daniel R. Stahler, Douglas W. Smith
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2018)
Article
Ecology
Savannah A. Rogers, Charles T. Robbins, Paul D. Mathewson, Anthony M. Carnahan, Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Warren P. Porter, Taylor R. Rogers, Terence Soule, Ryan A. Long
Summary: The heat dissipation limit theory suggests that the energy available for growth and reproduction in endotherms is constrained by their ability to dissipate heat. Research found that environmental temperature has a significant impact on the behavior and ecological performance of female mammals.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Anthony M. Carnahan, Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Gordon B. Stenhouse, Charles T. Robbins
Summary: Studies show that the cost of uphill movement for grizzly bears increases with speed and slope angle linearly, while uphill travel at slower speeds is more costly than horizontal travel. The most efficient walking speed for grizzly bears is 1.19 m/s, yet bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem move at an average velocity of 0.61 m/s and prefer near-horizontal slopes. Grizzly bears choose paths across slopes that are 54% less steep and costly than the maximum available slope when traveling uphill or downhill.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Nathaniel R. Bowersock, Andrea R. Litt, Jerod A. Merkle, Kerry A. Gunther, Frank T. van Manen
Summary: The study investigated the impact of spring food resources on American black bears, finding that their movements were influenced by the quality of vegetative food resources. Despite being described as opportunistic foragers, the results suggest that black bears actively seek out areas with high-quality food when available.
Article
Ecology
Nathaniel R. Bowersock, Andrea R. Litt, Michael A. Sawaya, Kerry A. Gunther, Frank T. van Manen
Summary: The study examines the influence of resource availability on the distribution and density of American black bears in Yellowstone National Park. Using genetic sampling and spatially explicit capture-recapture models, the researchers found that black bear density was higher in forested areas compared to non-forested areas. Female black bears had higher densities than males in 2017. The study provides the first spatially explicit estimates of black bear density in an ecosystem that contains a diverse range of large mammal species.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Elise A. Loggers, Andrea R. Litt, Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Kerry A. Gunther
Summary: As outdoor recreation increases and people venture farther into wildland areas, it becomes more difficult for animals to avoid humans. Restricting human access to wildlife habitats can be an effective tool in mitigating the impact of human recreational activities, but its efficacy is rarely evaluated. A study in Yellowstone National Park found that grizzly bears selectively choose areas designated as bear management areas (BMAs) regardless of whether human access is restricted or not, based on availability of food resources and season.
JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
(2023)