Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ernesto Garay, Diego Fontana, Lautaro Leschiutta, Ricardo Kratje, Claudio Prieto
Summary: Chimeric virus-like particles were generated by identifying suitable regions in rabies glycoprotein to expose a major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), demonstrating a novel heterologous display platform concept. The study successfully identified appropriate insertion sites for heterologous sequences without affecting proper folding of the protein, leading to exposed foreign antigens recognized by antibodies. This work provides a foundation for the development of a heterologous antigen display platform based on rabies VLPs.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Chaowei Luo, Quanhui Yan, Juncong Huang, Jiameng Liu, Yuwan Li, Keke Wu, Bingke Li, Mingqiu Zhao, Shuangqi Fan, Hongxing Ding, Jinding Chen
Summary: This study successfully inserted antigen epitopes of FMDV into ADDomer nanoparticles and demonstrated their immunogenicity through detection and simulation. The results suggest that ADDomer nanoparticles can serve as an effective antigen carrier for preventing and controlling FMDV.
Article
Immunology
Seong Yun Hwang, Sung Ho Shin, Hyun Mi Kim, SeHee Shin, Min Ja Lee, Su-Mi Kim, Jong-Soo Lee, Jong-Hyeon Park
Summary: In this study, a potent vaccine strain was developed to provide complete protection against FMD type O viruses of Southeast Asia, Middle East-South Asia, and Cathay topotypes. Mice immunized with the experimental vaccines were fully protected against these viruses. PA2-VP1 showed higher neutralizing antibody titers than JC-VP1 in early vaccination phase in pigs.
Article
Virology
David J. King, Graham Freimanis, Chris Neil, Andrew Shaw, Tobias J. Tuthill, Emma Laing, Donald P. King, Lidia Lasecka-Dykes
Summary: This study investigates the impact of serum-neutralising antibodies on the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) using an in vitro system. The presence of sub-neutralising dilutions of specific antisera delayed the onset of virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and resulted in genetic mutations in the virus. These findings highlight the various ways in which FMDV populations can escape neutralising antibodies and support the use of in vitro approaches to study the evolution of viruses and the immune system's response.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carolina Stenfeldt, Miranda R. Bertram, Haillie C. Meek, Ethan J. Hartwig, George R. Smoliga, Megan C. Niederwerder, Diego G. Diel, Scott A. Dee, Jonathan Arzt
Summary: The study investigated the infectivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in commercial pig feed and feed ingredients, determining the minimum infectious dose required for pigs to develop the disease. The results indicated that FMDV can remain infectious in pig feed ingredients for durations compatible with transoceanic transport, with variations in feeding conditions and virus strains affecting the probability of infection. This information can be used to model the risk of FMDV incursions and regulate feed importation to minimize the risk of unintentional importation.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jingxuan Qiu, Tianyi Qiu, Qingli Dong, Dongpo Xu, Xiang Wang, Qi Zhang, Jing Pan, Qing Liu
Summary: A computational model was designed to rapidly predict the antigenicity of FMDV, showing high accuracy and AUC value. The model successfully evaluated the annual antigenicity coverage of historical vaccine strains and was extended to select potential broad-spectrum vaccine candidates among historical non-redundant strains.
IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zhidong Zhang, Ryan Waters, Yanmin Li
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes epithelial cell lesions and muscle-associated lesions in cloven-hoofed animals, leading to high mortality. Current knowledge about the non-epithelial tropism of FMDV remains limited.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jonathan Arzt, Ian H. Fish, Miranda R. Bertram, George R. Smoliga, Ethan J. Hartwig, Steven J. Pauszek, Lauren Holinka-Patterson, Fayna C. Diaz-San Segundo, Tatjana Sitt, Elizabeth Rieder, Carolina Stenfeldt
Summary: Research showed that cattle can be simultaneously infected with two different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), with different outcomes depending on the timing of exposure to the viruses. Dominant interserotypic recombinant FMDVs were discovered in upper respiratory tract samples of superinfected animals, indicating the potential role of persistently infected FMDV carriers in generating novel viral strains.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pelin Tuncer-Goktuna, Can Cokcaliskan, Abdullah Arslan, Neslihan Tascene, Eylem Aras Uzun, Ceylan Gunduzalp, Gul Nazik Balci, Osman Kara, Veli Gulyaz
Summary: In Turkey, continuous outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease caused by the G-VII lineage prompted the adaptation of an unconventional vaccination strategy, changing vaccine strains to match antigenic evolution. By replacing the vaccine strain with new variants of G-VII, the country successfully controlled the outbreaks.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tatsuya Nishi, Katsuhiko Fukai, Kentaro Masujin, Rie Kawaguchi, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Manabu Yamada, Nozomi Nakajima, Takashi Komeno, Yousuke Furuta, Hiromi Sugihara, Chie Kurosaki, Kenichi Sakamoto, Kazuki Morioka
Summary: This study found that the pyrazinecarboxamide derivative T-1105 has strong antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and can effectively control the spread of FMDV in pigs.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ben Jackson, Yongjie Harvey, Eva Perez-Martin, Ginette Wilsden, Nicholas Juleff, Bryan Charleston, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a global burden on the livestock industry, with vaccination being the most effective control strategy in endemic regions. However, challenges such as the instability of FMDV and the emergence of new strains exist in the development of efficient vaccines. Currently, vaccines in East Africa are comprised of relatively historic strains with unknown stabilities.
Article
Immunology
Meina Cai, Haizhou Liu, Fei Jiang, Yeqing Sun, Wenbo Wang, Yimeng An, Mengyi Zhang, Xueli Li, Di Liu, Yuhua Li, Yongxin Yu, Weijin Huang, Youchun Wang
Summary: This study classified a total of 2896 rabies viruses worldwide into ten clusters based on the G gene sequence, and analyzed 83 representative pseudotyped rabies viruses. It was found that GAgV4 showed poor neutralization to all immunized sera, mostly from wild animals in America, especially bats and skunks.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kay Childs, Yongjie Harvey, Ryan Waters, Timothy Woma, Ginette Wilsden, Hualu Sun, Peng Sun, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a severe economic impact on the agriculture industry in many regions. Current vaccines are not effective against the contemporary strains of the disease, particularly in East Africa. Researchers have identified stable strains of the virus and developed a quadrivalent vaccine that generates high neutralizing antibody titers and provides good cross-protection against regional strains.
Article
Infectious Diseases
G. Pezzoni, M. Calzolari, E. A. Foglia, A. Bregoli, A. Di Nardo, S. Sghaier, H. Madani, C. Chiapponi, S. Grazioli, A. Relmy, L. Bakkali Kassimi, E. Brocchi
Summary: This study reports the sequence analysis of 22 isolates of O/Ind-2001d foot-and-mouth disease virus collected in Algeria and Tunisia between 2014 and 2015. The results indicate that this virus was first introduced into the Maghreb region through Tunisia, and then spread to Algeria and Morocco.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhixun Zhao, Caiyun Huang, Xueliang Zhu, Zheng Qi, Yimei Cao, Pinghua Li, Huifang Bao, Pu Sun, Xingwen Bai, Yuanfang Fu, Kun Li, Jing Zhang, Xueqing Ma, Jian Wang, Hong Yuan, Dong Li, Zaixin Liu, Qiang Zhang, Zengjun Lu
Summary: In this study, a dual live vector vaccine against Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and Peste des petits ruminant disease (PPR) was constructed using the MVA-GFP recombinant virus skeleton. The recombinant virus successfully expressed the target proteins and the empty capsid of FMDV. This study laid the foundation for the successful construction of a live vector vaccine against FMD and PPR.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Claire Harris, Neil Brummitt, Christina A. Cobbold, Richard Reeve
Summary: This study tested the phylogenetic conservatism of plant climatic traits using global climate reconstructions and plant occurrence records, and found strong phylogenetic signals in climate variables. The study also successfully imputed missing bioclimatic envelopes for removed species.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sonia Natalie Mitchell, Andrew Lahiff, Nathan Cummings, Jonathan Hollocombe, Bram Boskamp, Ryan Field, Dennis Reddyhoff, Kristian Zarebski, Antony Wilson, Bruno Viola, Martin Burke, Blair Archibald, Paul Bessell, Richard Blackwell, Lisa A. A. Boden, Alys Brett, Sam Brett, Ruth Dundas, Jessica Enright, Alejandra N. N. Gonzalez-Beltran, Claire Harris, Ian Hinder, Christopher David Hughes, Martin Knight, Vino Mano, Ciaran McMonagle, Dominic Mellor, Sibylle Mohr, Glenn Marion, Louise Matthews, Iain J. J. McKendrick, Christopher Mark Pooley, Thibaud Porphyre, Aaron Reeves, Edward Townsend, Robert Turner, Jeremy Walton, Richard Reeve
Summary: Modern epidemiological analyses rely on access to and use of data, but the rapidly evolving nature of data and the imprecise identification of data use present challenges. This article introduces a data pipeline tool that allows for the annotation of data during analysis and the tracing of scientific outputs back to primary data, enhancing transparency and trust in decision-making.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Matteo Legnardi, Eran Raizman, Daniel Beltran-Alcrudo, Giuseppina Cinardi, Timothy Robinson, Laura C. Falzon, Herve Kapnang Djomgang, Edward Okori, Satya Parida, Felix Njeumi, Camilla T. O. Benfield
Summary: This review provides an update on the progress of eradication efforts for peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Central Asia/West Eurasia region. There is significant heterogeneity in terms of PPR presence and control strategies in this region, but there is potential for coordinated action to achieve official PPR-free status and reap trade and socioeconomic benefits.
Review
Microbiology
MacGregor Cox, Thomas P. Peacock, William T. Harvey, Joseph Hughes, Derek W. Wright, Brian J. Willett, Emma Thomson, Ravindra K. Gupta, Sharon J. Peacock, David L. Robertson, Alessandro M. Carabelli
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important treatment option for severe COVID-19, but the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to evasion of mAb-induced protection. Spike protein amino acid substitutions, both at epitope and non-epitope positions, play a role in resistance to mAb neutralization. Understanding the dynamics of viral evasion can inform surveillance and the development of novel mAb therapies.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Essam H. Ibrahim, Mohammed Asiri, Mona Kilany, Ali G. Alkhathami, Mohammed N. Alshahrani, Harish C. Chandramoorthy
Summary: The addition of lycopene to the extract enhances the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, showing potential inhibition against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Alessandro G. Carabelli, Thomas P. Peacock, Lucy G. Thorne, William T. Harvey, Joseph Hughes, Sharon J. Peacock, Wendy S. Barclay, Thushan de Silva, Greg J. Towers, David L. Robertson
Summary: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in late 2020 marked a major change in the virus's adaptation to humans, resulting in increased transmission rates and ability to evade immune responses. These VOCs, designated Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, rapidly became dominant globally, outcompeting previous variants. The success of VOCs can be attributed to the altered properties of the virus and changes in antigenicity, influenced by both vaccination and prior infection.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
William T. Harvey, Vinny Davies, Rodney S. Daniels, Lynne Whittaker, Victoria Gregory, Alan J. Hay, Dirk Husmeier, John W. McCauley, Richard Reeve
Summary: The author develops a model to accurately map genotype-to-phenotype relationships in order to control seasonal influenza viruses. By incorporating protein structural data, the model improves the reliability of genotype-to-phenotype mapping and can accurately predict antigenic assay values for unknown viruses.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan, Gundalahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy, Revanaiah Yogisharadhya, Timmareddy Sreenivasa Reddy, Gajalavarahalli Subbanna Naveenkumar, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar, Hosahalli Rajanna Chaithra, Afrin Zainab Bi, Satya Parida, Felix Njeumi, Parimal Roy, Bibek Ranjan Shome
Summary: This study reports on the current status of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Karnataka state, India, including its economic cost, the financial viability of vaccination plans, and the perspectives of field veterinarians in controlling and eradicating the disease. Despite significant progress through mass vaccination, outbreaks continue to occur every year for various reasons. The state is now planning to eradicate PPR by 2025-26 through a new mass vaccination program in coordination with the government of India.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sarah Iannucci, William T. T. Harvey, Joseph Hughes, David L. L. Robertson, Matthieu Poyade, Edward Hutchinson
Summary: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus attracted significant attention from non-expert audiences. The spike protein of the virus, which is the main target for immune responses and vaccines, gained particular public interest. The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 led to the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) that had enhanced transmissibility or weakened vaccine protection. To improve public understanding, a graphical educational resource called the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutation Explorer (SSPME) was developed, using interactive 3D molecular models and animations. User testing showed that SSPME had better usability and improved knowledge acquisition compared to the online Mutation Explorer of the COVID-19 Genomics UK consortium (COG-UK/ME).
JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
K. Morsy, S. B. Dajem, A. Alghamdi, A. El-kott, E. Ibrahim, K. Attia, A. Al-Doaiss, H. El-Mekkawy, N. Sheraba, A. Baiomy, M. Fahmy, F. Shalaby
Summary: In 2020, 52 marine fish specimens were caught from boat landing sites along the Alexandria coast in Egypt. Among them, 30 fish were found to be infected with three different parasitic species, which can negatively impact fish health and lead to consumers rejecting the fish.
ARQUIVO BRASILEIRO DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA E ZOOTECNIA
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Kareem Morsy, Saad Bin Dajem, Mohammed Al-Kahtani, Attalla El-Kott, Essam Ibrahim, Hamida Hamdi, Amin Al-Doaiss, Mohamed Abumandour, Haitham El-Mekkawy, Diaa Massoud, Asmaa Adel, Shams Abd El-Kareem
Summary: Members of the order Trypanorhyncha are cestode parasites that infect the muscles of marine fish, affecting fish health and consumer behavior. This study identified four different species of parasites and confirmed their taxonomic position through molecular analysis. The results emphasize the importance of removing parasites during the commercialization of fish.
REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Essam Hassan Ibrahim, Mohammad Yahya Alshahrani, Hamed Ali Ghramh, Hani Alothaid, Mona Kilany, Kareem Morsy, Ramadan Taha, Khalid Mushabab Al Syaad, Haitham Ibrahim El-Mekkawy, Gamal Awad EL-Shaboury, Ahmed Abdel Aziz El-Mansi, Ahmad Alamri, Mahmoud Ahmed Sayed, Ibrahim Sayed Yahia, Rahaf Mohammed Hussein Alshareef, Badria Mohammed Al-Shehri, Mohammed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed
Summary: This study investigated the biological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) alone or in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on colon cancer and microbial cell growth. The results showed that MOE had mild antibacterial effects and increased apoptosis and p53 protein expression in colon cancer cells. MOE also arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and stimulated splenic cell growth. Both extract preparations exhibited antioxidant activities. Thus, MOE can be utilized as an anticancer agent.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hamed A. Ghramh, Rahmah N. Al-Qthanin, Zubair Ahmad, Khalid Ali Khan, Essam H. Ibrahim, Habeeb Mansour A. Al-Solami, Ahlam Khalofah, Abeer Alahmari, Farhat S. Khan, Asma N. Asiri, Sally Negm, Mogbel Ahmed Abdalla El-Niweri, Fawziah M. Asiri
Summary: This study investigated the larvicidal toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the ethanol extract of S. palmeri against 4th instar larvae of Ae aegypti. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles were more effective in killing mosquitoes compared to the original extract.
FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Essam H. Ibrahim, Attalla F. El-kott, Ali Alshehri, Mona Kilany, Reza Yavari, Salahud Din, Diaa Massoud
Summary: The morphology and histology of the tongue in two adult Asian bears were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, revealing four types of papillae. The tongue was covered by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with a dense connective tissue making up the lamina propria and thick masses of striated muscles forming the bulk of the tongue. Lingual salivary glands with seromucous secretions were also present in the lingual root.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2022)