Bioactive azaphilones from the fungus Penicillium multicolor CM01

Two new azaphilones, dechloroisochromophilone II (1) and epi-isochromophilone III (2), a new natural product, 5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (3), together with eleven known compounds, 4-14 were isolated from the fungus, Penicillium multicolor CM01. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 2,8, 10 and 11 exhibited antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 2.1-7.8 mu g/mL), while compounds 9 and 10 showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 6.2 and 50.0 mu g/mL, respectively). Compounds 2, 4, and 7-11 showed cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines, KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 (IC50 2.2-35.2 mu g/mL). In addition, compounds 1, 5-8 and 11 showed a minimum inhibition requirement to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay in the range of 0.03-0.25 nM. (C) 2016 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.