Article
Psychology, Biological
Douglas C. Brooks
Summary: The experiments examined extinction cue (EC) transfer in Pavlovian conditioning experiments with rats using spontaneous recovery tests. The results showed that there was no significant transfer of one EC to another or from an EC to a CS extinguished with an EC, suggesting that the transfer between ECs as well as from EC to CS was minimal.
BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jennifer A. Davies-Owen, Andrej Stancak, Timo Giesbrecht, Anna Thomas, Tim C. Kirkham, Carl A. Roberts
Summary: This study used fMRI paradigms to investigate the neural correlates of naturalistic single-trial appetitive conditioning. The results showed that after conditioning, participants had stronger cravings and preferences for the CS+ compared to the CS-, and higher expectancies for chocolate. During the passive viewing task, enhanced activation in the right superior frontal gyrus was observed in response to the CS-.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Franz R. Villaruel, Melissa Martins, Nadia Chaudhri
Summary: The neural circuit from the infralimbic cortex to the nucleus accumbens shell plays a crucial role in suppressing conditioned responding and renewal of CS responding. The IL-to-NAcS circuit is involved in both acquisition and expression of Pavlovian conditioning and is not exclusively dependent on extinction process.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dong-Hee Kim, Bo-Ryoung Choi, Yong-Jae Jeon, Yoon-Sun Jang, Jung-Soo Han
Summary: Research indicates that midbrain dopamine neurons and lateral habenula neurons play crucial roles in appetitive extinction. The study found higher activity levels of LHb neurons in the paired-CS-alone group, while VTA and SNc activity was significantly higher in the paired-paired group. Additionally, lesions in the LHb decelerated the decline in conditioned food-cup responses, highlighting the crucial role of LHb in appetitive extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Patrick Anselme
Summary: Motivated behavior is believed to be a dopamine-dependent unconscious process, but seeking behavior under reward uncertainty shows behavioral paradoxes that deviate from the predictions of the incentive salience hypothesis, indicating a combination of appetite-based and effort-based attractions.
BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Michael A. Sayette, Madeline E. Goodwin, Kasey G. Creswell, Hannah J. Esmacher, John D. Dimoff
Summary: Research on smoking-cue-exposure shows that a majority of smokers experience increased craving levels when exposed to smoking cues, but a significant portion of non-responders already have maximal cravings before cue exposure. This suggests that traditional analyses may underestimate the effects of cue reactivity. Additionally, a peak-provoked-craving analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of cue exposure in generating strong urges in a large percentage of smokers. Integrating person-centered analyses into craving literature has the potential to advance addiction theory and research.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mandy Rita LeCocq, Sophie Sun, Nadia Chaudhri
Summary: This study examines the reinstatement of conditioned responding elicited by an appetitive conditioned stimulus (CS) through re-exposure to an unconditioned stimulus (US) and finds that the reinstatement is driven by an excitatory association formed between the US and the context in which the US was ingested.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Christine Vinci, Leslie Sawyer, Min-Jeong Yang
Summary: Despite the poor efficacy of extinction-based processes for substance use disorders (SUD), such as cue exposure treatment (CET), recent research on mindfulness has shown promise. Mindfulness-based interventions teach individuals to stay present with their experiences without trying to change or escape them, similar to CET's approach of not avoiding conditioned responses like craving. This paper discusses how integrating mindfulness practices could enhance CET's effectiveness in SUD treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rebecca Collins, Kirsti Haracz, Mark Leary, Megan Rollo, Tracy Burrows
Summary: Research in food addiction is increasing, with studies showing similarities to substance use disorders. This study explored Australian adults seeking treatment for addictive eating, highlighting their desire for control and struggles to overcome specific food cravings. Thematic analysis identified compulsion and control as key themes in participants' experiences.
Article
Cell Biology
Rongzhen Yan, Tianyu Wang, Xiaoyan Ma, Xinyang Zhang, Rui Zheng, Qiang Zhou
Summary: The probabilistic association between cause and effect plays a crucial role in memory formation, especially in psychiatric diseases. Research shows that 50% association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli can reduce fear responses and neural spiking activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. The formation of probabilistic memory involves enhanced inhibition from PV-neurons, increased synaptic inputs, and activation of the ventral hippocampus to detect mismatch during conditioning. Stress can impair the formation of probabilistic memory by affecting PV-neuronal plasticity, while prior stress to memory retrieval can revert enhanced PV-neuron activity.
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica Goedhoop, Tara Arbab, Ingo Willuhn
Summary: By comparing two different experimental paradigms, this study reveals that dopamine signals contain both reward-related and action-related information. The action component of dopamine release is characterized by sustained signals, which reflect the motivation for appetitive action.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hamed Ekhtiari, Rayus Kuplicki, Robin L. Aupperle, Martin P. Paulus
Summary: The brain shows habituation in response to drug-related cues, which is consistent across different clinical populations. This habituated response in the first session of cue-exposure and lack of reactivity in the second session may be important for developing cue-desensitization interventions.
Article
Substance Abuse
Tanya Pareek, John S. Overton, Luat T. Nguyen, Md. Toufiqur Rahman, Dishary Sharmin, James M. Cook, Donna M. Platt
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of D-cycloserine and RY-023 as cognitive-enhancing pharmacotherapies in a monkey model of Cue-exposure therapy (CET) for alcohol use disorder. The results showed that DCS facilitated ethanol seeking extinction and delayed reacquisition, while RY-023 reduced cue reactivity and facilitated extinction.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Dong-xu Li, Xiang-yi Zhou, Qian-qian Lin, Yue Wu, Cheng Hu, Zhi-hua Shen, Yong-guang Wang
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of using EEG gamma-band power as an index of cue-elicited craving in individuals with METH dependence. The results show that METH-dependent individuals exhibit stronger self-reported craving and higher gamma power in a virtual reality environment. After a virtual reality counterconditioning procedure, participants show significantly lower self-reported craving scores and gamma power when exposed to drug-related cues.
Article
Psychiatry
Hefan Gan, Junjie Bu, Ginger Qinghong Zeng, Huixing Gou, Mengyuan Liu, Guanbao Cui, Xiaochu Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the effects of exposure to smoking-related cues on the electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates of smokers. It finds that smokers show abnormal EEG microstates when exposed to smoking-related cues compared with neutral cues. Specifically, microstate C duration is positively correlated with cigarette craving, and microstate D duration and contribution are positively correlated with years of smoking.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sieske Franssen, Anita Jansen, Ghislaine Schyns, Karolien van den Akker, Anne Roefs
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Hanna Melles, Michelle Spix, Anita Jansen
Summary: Anorexia Nervosa is a severe mental disorder with intense fears of food, eating, weight gain, and social evaluation. The article focuses on the importance of avoidance as a mechanism maintaining the eating disorder and the need for inhibitory learning during exposure therapy.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sieske Franssen, Anita Jansen, Job van den Hurk, Tanja Adam, Kelly Geyskens, Alard Roebroeck, Anne Roefs
Summary: This study investigates the influence of mindsets on food intake, and finds that mindset affects cravings and intake of chocolate, but not hormonal and neural responses.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Eric Dumont, Anita Jansen, Pieter C. C. Duker, Daniel M. M. Seys, Nick J. J. Broers, Sandra Mulkens
Summary: This study shows that most untreated young children's feeding problems do not improve over years. It is recommended to seek help at an early age and to treat (male) children with autism spectrum disorder and selective feeding patterns.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anne Roefs, Eiko I. Fried, Merel Kindt, Carolien Martijn, Bernet Elzinga, Andrea W. M. Evers, Reinout W. Wiers, Denny Borsboom, Anita Jansen
Summary: This article outlines the core ideas of a 10-year research program called 'New Science of Mental Disorders', which moves away from the traditional disorder-based approach and adopts a network-based perspective in studying mental disorders. The program aims to develop the network approach by studying dynamic networks of symptoms and variables, understanding the underlying mechanisms, and evaluating personalized network-informed interventions. The challenges discussed in this program include data collection and analysis, development and application of network-informed diagnosis and interventions, and implementation in clinical practice.
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Leonardo Pimpini, Sarah Kochs, Sieske Franssen, Job van den Hurk, Giancarlo Valente, Alard Roebroeck, Anita Jansen, Anne Roefs
Summary: This study suggests that individuals with obesity show increased brain activity when exposed to high caloric palatable foods, particularly under a hedonic attentional focus. Furthermore, caloric content and food palatability can be accurately decoded from patterns of brain activity, independent of BMI and attentional focus.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anita Jansen, Ghislaine Schyns
Summary: This article discusses some fundamental learning processes involved in unhealthy eating habits and introduces how exposure intervention can be applied to promote healthier eating and long-term behavioral change.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Kochs, Sieske Franssen, Leonardo Pimpini, Job van den Hurk, Giancarlo Valente, Alard Roebroeck, Anita Jansen, Anne Roefs
Summary: Brain responses to food depend on attentional focus rather than palatability or calorie content. Higher brain activity is observed when attentional focus is hedonic compared to health or neutral. Palatability and calorie content can be differentiated based on patterns of brain activity. Dietary restraint does not significantly influence brain responses to food.
Review
Pediatrics
Eric Dumont, Anita Jansen, Pieter C. Duker, Daniel M. Seys, Nick J. Broers, Sandra Mulkens
Summary: Treating disordered feeding at a young age reduces risks of future feeding problems, but not all children profit equally; can we define predictors of a worse prognosis?
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Hanna Melles, Anita Jansen
Summary: This study investigated whether different eating disorder diagnoses are equally characterized by similar fears and avoidance behaviors. The results showed that all self-reported eating disorder diagnoses exhibited more eating related fears, general fears, and avoidance behaviors compared to healthy controls. Among them, individuals with binge eating disorder showed less specific and general fears but less food avoidance behaviors compared to other eating disorders.
JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Hanna Melles, Stefanie Duijvis, Anita Jansen
Summary: Exposure therapy is an effective intervention for anxiety-related disorders and may also be suitable for treating anorexia nervosa. However, exposure techniques are not commonly used in anorexia nervosa treatment. This article provides a practical guide for implementing exposure therapy in anorexia nervosa treatment, including the inhibitory learning model and designing exposure interventions specifically for individuals with anorexia nervosa. A case presentation is included to demonstrate the application of exposure therapy in treating fears and avoidance behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Leonardo Pimpini, Sieske Franssen, Philipp Reber, Anita Jansen, Anne Roefs
Summary: This study investigates the effects of a health versus hedonic mindset on daily-life snacking behaviour. However, it was found that mindset did not affect snacking behavior, and instead, degree of craving and intake of snacks reduced significantly over time. This may be due to monitoring and socially desirable answering tendencies.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Michelle Spix, Franziska Schutzeichel, Anita Jansen
Summary: This study aims to test the learning model of food restriction. The results show that introducing negative consequences for eating tasty high-calorie food and positive consequences for its avoidance can increase fear of food, reduce eating desires, and create food avoidance behaviors in healthy individuals.
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Michelle Spix, Hanna Melles, Anita Jansen
Summary: When evaluating ambiguous situations, humans sometimes interpret safety behaviors as evidence for danger. This study tested the impact of eating disorder safety behaviors on threat perception in individuals with and without an eating disorder. Participants rated situations with eating disorder safety behaviors as more threatening, regardless of their eating disorder status. These findings suggest that eating disorder safety behaviors can increase threat perception and may contribute to the development and maintenance of eating disorder fears.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Correction
Behavioral Sciences
Leonardo Pimpini, Sarah Kochs, Sieske Frannsen, Job van den Hurk, Giancarlo Valente, Alard Roebroeck, Anita Jansen, Anne Roefs
Article
Psychology, Biological
Umit Yilmaz, Kevser Tanbek
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of Spexin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and energy expenditure in rats. The results showed that Spexin reduced food consumption and body weight, increased thyroid hormones, and enhanced energy metabolism.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kuei-Yu Chien, Yun-Ju Chen, Kuo-Jen Hsu, Chiao-Nan Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and high-intensity interval training on appetite and weight loss in obese middle-aged individuals. The results showed that consuming a high-protein drink and following a high-protein diet after exercise can reduce post-exercise appetite and the frequency of late-night snacking.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Melissa Alves Braga Oliveira, Ana Carolina Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu, Debora Barroggi Constantino, Andre C. Tonon, Antoni Diez-Noguera, Fernanda Gaspar Amaral, Maria Paz Hidalgo
Summary: Biological processes in living organisms exhibit strong rhythmicity and are regulated by internal timing systems. Understanding the influence of biological rhythms is crucial for experimental design and reporting.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Yanqun Cao, Hao Chen, Yinna Tan, Xu-Dong Yu, Chuli Xiao, Yin Li, James Reilly, Zhiming He, Xinhua Shu
Summary: There is evidence to suggest that chronic stress impacts neurochemical homeostasis and contributes to mental disorders. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of p-coumaric acid (p-CA), a natural compound found in vegetables and fruits, against stress-associated mental disorders. The findings suggest that p-CA could alleviate cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) by regulating the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Mai O. Spaulding, Jessica R. Hoffman, Grace C. Madu, Magen N. Lord, Caroline Soares Iizuka, Kevin P. Myers, Emily E. Noble
Summary: Food insecurity is associated with obesity and disordered eating behaviors. Studying a rodent model, researchers found that adolescent food insecurity may increase susceptibility to obesity and altered eating behaviors during adulthood.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
K. Oberman, B. L. van Leeuwen, M. Nabben, J. E. Villafranca, R. G. Schoemaker
Summary: The present study investigated the post-operative complications and therapeutic potential of J147 in male Zucker rats, and found that J147 treatment had positive effects on behavioral and metabolic parameters, but did not affect neuroinflammation. The results suggest that a combination of acute and chronic J147 treatment may be optimal for treatment.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Mathieu Cournoyer, Alice Maldera, Alexandre-Charles Gauthier, Fabien Dal Maso, Marie-Eve Mathieu
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive view of the literature on the effect of different odors on physical activity through a systematic review. It was found that pleasant odors have a positive impact on participants' physical activity. However, better methodological consistency is needed in studies to produce more meaningful results.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Gabriel R. Gilmore, Jeff Dyche
Summary: This study examined sleep, sleep/wake regularity, and cognition in college students diagnosed with depression and using serotonergic antidepressants, comparing them to those without a depression diagnosis. The results showed that students using antidepressants had slightly longer wake after sleep onset and lower sleep efficiency, but these differences were likely not noticed by the participants. There were no differences in sleep regularity or cognition between the two groups.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Erica A. Cross, Kim L. Huhman, H. Elliott Albers
Summary: Social stress plays a significant role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and can lead to behavioral deficits such as social withdrawal. This study investigates the impact of social stress on social reward in Syrian hamsters. The results show that subordinate and socially defeated males have reduced motivation for social interactions compared to dominant males. Additionally, winning males exhibit greater activation in the mesolimbic dopamine system compared to losers. In females, there were no differences in social entries between winners and losers, but winning females display more activation in the NAc shell.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Daniel A. R. Cabral, Maria L. M. Rego, Eduardo B. Fontes, Vagner D. O. Tavares
Summary: This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and negative emotional states (NES) in men with substance use disorders (SUD) undergoing treatment. The findings showed a positive correlation between BMI and stress, anxiety, and depression. These results suggest that reducing body fat accumulation may contribute to improving mental health in individuals with SUD during recovery.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Elizabeth Agbor Epse Muluh, Jessica C. McCormack, Yunfan Mo, Michael Garratt, Mei Peng
Summary: This PROSPERO pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the olfactory and gustatory changes in pregnant individuals. The meta-analysis revealed that pregnant individuals performed poorer in odour identification, rated olfactory stimuli to be more intense during the second and third trimester, and had increased pleasantness for sweet taste in the first trimester. No major difference was observed in terms of gustatory functions between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Renee Spiteri Douglas, Mackenzie R. Hartley, J. Renee Yang, Tamara B. Franklin
Summary: The expression of Hdac2 in the hippocampus is associated with social status, while the expression of closely related genes Hdac1 and HDAC2 protein is not associated with social rank in the hippocampus.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)