Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Trevor S. Bird
Summary: An expression for the reflection coefficient in a feed resulting from scattering from a neighboring reflector is derived, considering the influence of an external interfering source. An asymptotic formula for this reflection coefficient is derived, simplifying for an arbitrary shaped symmetrical reflector. The results for different types of reflectors are given, as well as the description of the effect of an interfering on-axis source on the mismatch.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pierre Jacquet, Angelique Stephanou
Summary: This review explores the evolving understanding of tumor cell metabolism, particularly glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, tracing its evolution from the pioneering work of Otto Warburg. Misinterpretations of Warburg's work have hindered the understanding of tumor cell metabolism, leading to new concepts like metabolic switch and metabolic reprogramming. The metabolic signature of cancer is complex and cannot be simplified to a single factor, but is expressed at the tissue level through cells' ability to dynamically explore a vast metabolic landscape in heterogeneous environments.
Article
Cultural Studies
Gustav Kallstrand
Summary: The Nobel prize brings scientists into the public eye, even though their fame is not based on their individual achievements but on the selection by a committee. Nobel laureates become a special type of scientific celebrities, with their persona being shaped through media representations and annual repetitions of the prize.
Article
Physiology
Adam W. Potter, William J. Tharion, Lucas D. Holden, Angie Pazmino, David P. Looney, Karl E. Friedl
Summary: This study compares the accuracy of different methods for body composition assessment and finds that an abdominal circumference-focused method may underestimate or overestimate the results for both men and women. In comparison, bioelectrical impedance provides more accurate predictions and has a weaker relationship with adiposity.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Peter S. Coleman, Risa A. Parlo
Summary: This passage discusses the interconnected networks of cell metabolism and the role of citrate within cells. It raises the question of the dilemma cells face in processing citrate metabolism and why cancer cells choose the glycolysis metabolic pathway.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nima Baniasadi, Ali M. Niknejad
Summary: This article revisits the concept of noise measure in designing high-frequency low-noise amplifiers, offering a simpler derivation than the original one by Haus and Adler. Several examples are used to calculate the minimum noise measure of a CMOS amplifier, and it is shown that noise cancellation techniques cannot improve it.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tunga Salthammer
Summary: TVOC has been used as an important parameter in indoor air sciences for over 40 years, but its definition and application have been subject to controversy. It has been recognized early on that TVOC is not suitable for health-related and odor-related issues. However, TVOC continues to be widely used, leading to scientific discussions and legal disputes.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
News Item
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marc D. Walter
Summary: The conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia is important biologically and industrially, but modeling this process on a molecular level is difficult. A biomimetic model has provided new insights into functionalizing a nitrido ligand to form NH3 using either H-2 or H+/e(-).
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jasmin Paris, Neil C. Henderson
Summary: The concept of hepatocyte functional zonation has been greatly advanced by recent advances in single-cell genomics technologies, allowing for the emergence of novel precision medicine-based therapies for liver disease.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Raul Perez-Fernandez, Bernard De Baets
Summary: Aggregation theory formalizes the process of combining multiple inputs into a single output mathematically, with both the inputs and output usually being elements of a poset. While historically focusing on real numbers, there is increasing interest in aggregating different types of data. Prominent examples include string aggregation, popular among computer scientists and bioinformaticians, and ranking aggregation, studied in social choice theory since the 18th century. The article proposes a new geometrically oriented understanding to develop a new theory of aggregation, moving away from the current order-based approach.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Luis Mugele, Andrzej Niemunis, Hans Henning Stutz
Summary: This paper presents further improvements to the neohypoplasticity (NHP), a constitutive model for sand, which overcomes some shortcomings of widely used hypoplastic models. The novelties presented in this paper includes a new description of the additional dilatancy due to the structural variable z and the introduction of a new state variable, denoted as hr, to consider the small strain stiffness in case of a 1D loading reversal. They remove shortcomings of earlier versions of NHP. The new formulations are presented and the performance of NHP is validated with experimental data from Karlsruhe fine sand. Both monotonic and cyclic tests are simulated under drained and undrained conditions. The results demonstrate that the NHP accurately reproduces the observed behaviour in monotonic and cyclic experiments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
M. Matar, M. A. Parodi, L. Raviola, I Novara, F. Vera, B. J. Gomez, A. Roatta, C. E. Repetto
Summary: In this work, a theoretical analysis is first conducted to determine the wave equation for air disturbances propagation in a tube with variable cross section. The study focuses on a tube with a circular cross section that exponentially varies with the axial coordinate. The hypotheses of the model used are discussed, and the obtained solutions of the wave equation are presented. Secondly, measurements are carried out on a tube similar to the described one, which is built using a 3D printer, aiming to validate the model used.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Arjan van der Schaft
Summary: This paper presents new results on cyclo-dissipativity by symmetrizing and extending the basic definitions and results of dissipativity theory, particularly focusing on characterizing and describing the set of storage functions externally.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Chujun Huang, Mingjie Shao, Wing-Kin Ma, Anthony Man-Cho So
Summary: This article revisits the simplex identification algorithm and provides new explanations and formulations. It proposes an interpretation of SISAL from a probabilistic simplex component analysis framework and confirms that SISAL can converge to a stationary point.
SIAM JOURNAL ON IMAGING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Francesco Fuso Nerini, Tina Fawcett, Yael Parag, Paul Ekins
Summary: Personal carbon allowances (PCAs) could potentially boost climate mitigation efforts but must be carefully implemented to prevent negative impacts on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This Perspective argues for the reconsideration of PCAs at this opportune moment and suggests a set of SDG-based design principles for future adoption of PCAs.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergey Yu. Ketkov, Sheng-Yuan Tzeng, Elena A. Rychagova, Anton N. Lukoyanov, Wen-Bih Tzeng
Summary: Metallocenes, including methylcobaltocene, play important roles in various fields of chemistry. The ionization energy and vibrational structure of (Cp ')(Cp)Co can be influenced by introducing methyl substituents. The mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectrum and DFT calculations provide accurate information about the properties and transformations of (Cp ')(Cp)Co.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Qifeng Mu, Jian Hu
Summary: Polymer mechanochemistry has experienced a renaissance due to the rapid development of mechanophores and principles governing mechanochemical transduction or material strengthening. It has not only provided fundamental guidelines for converting mechanical energy into chemical output, but also found applications in engineering and smart devices.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Da Hye Yang, Francesco Ricci, Fredrik L. Nordstrom, Na Li
Summary: Through systematic evaluation of the oiling-out behavior of procaine, we identified both stable and metastable liquid-liquid phase separation, and established phase diagrams to assist in rational selection of crystallization strategies.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vikki Anand Varma, Simmie Jaglan, Mohd Yasir Khan, Sujin B. Babu
Summary: Designing engineering structures like nanocages, shells, and containers through self-assembly of colloids is a challenging problem. This work proposes a simple model for the subunit, which leads to the formation of monodispersed spherical cages or containers. The model with only one control parameter can be used to design cages with the desired radius.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hainan Jiang, Yaolong He, Xiaolin Li, Zhiyao Jin, Huijie Yu, Dawei Li
Summary: The cycling lifespan and coulombic efficiency of lithium-ion batteries are crucial for high C-rate applications. The Li-ion concentration plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical integrity and structural stability of electrodes. This study focuses on graphite as the working electrode and establishes an experimental system to investigate the mechanical properties of composite graphite electrode at different C-rates. Considering the effect of Li-ion concentration in stress analysis is found to be significant.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhiye Wang, Yunchuan Li, Mingjun Sun
Summary: This study investigates the influence of intramolecular pi-pi interactions on the electronic transport capabilities of molecules. By designing and analyzing three pi-conjugated molecules, the researchers observe that different pi-conjugated structures have varying effects on electron transport. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for designing single-molecule electronic devices with multiple electron channels based on intramolecular pi-pi interactions.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuandong Xu, Haoyang Feng, Chaoyang Dong, Yuqing Yang, Meng Zhou, Yajun Wei, Hui Guo, Yaqing Wei, Jishan Su, Yingying Ben, Xia Zhang
Summary: Hollow MoS2 cubes and spheres were successfully synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method with the hard template method. The hollow MoS2 cubes exhibited higher specific capacitance and energy density compared to the hollow MoS2 spheres. The symmetrical supercapacitors assembled with these hollow structures showed good performance and high capacity retention after multiple cycles. These findings suggest that controlling the pore structure and surface characteristics of MoS2 is crucial for enhancing its electrochemical properties.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ainhoa Oliden-Sanchez, Rebeca Sola-Llano, Joaquin Perez-Pariente, Luis Gomez-Hortiguela, Virginia Martinez-Martinez
Summary: The combination of photoactive molecules and inorganic structures is important for the development of advanced materials in optics. In this study, bulky dyes were successfully encapsulated in a zeolitic framework, resulting in emission throughout the visible spectrum.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Miaomiao Zhang, Cunyuan Pei, Qiqi Xiang, Lintao Liu, Zhongxu Dai, Huijuan Ma, Shibing Ni
Summary: The design of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role in improving the electrochemical performance of anode materials. In this study, lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) is used as an electrolyte additive to form a protective SEI film on Li3VO4 (LVO) anodes. The addition of LiDFOB results in a dense, uniform, stable, and LiF-richer SEI, which enhances the Li-ion storage kinetics. The generated SEI also prevents further decomposition of the electrolyte and maintains the morphology of LVO anodes during charge/discharge processes. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of LiDFOB as a multi-functional additive for LiPF6 electrolytes and provides insights into SEI construction for high-performance LVO anodes.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
B. V. Andryushechkin, T. V. Pavlova, V. M. Shevlyuga
Summary: The atomic structure of the Ag(111)-p(4 x 4)-O phase was reexamined and two phases with the same periodicity were discovered. It was demonstrated that the accepted Ag6 model is incompatible with high-resolution oxygen-sensitive STM images.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
S. L. Romo-Avila, D. Marquez-Ruiz, R. A. Guirado-Lopez
Summary: In this study, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the interaction between model graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures and chlorine monoxide ClO. We aimed to understand the role of this highly oxidizing species in breaking C-C bonds and forming significant holes on GO sheets. Our results showed that C-C bonds in a single graphene oxide sheet can be broken through a simple mechanism involving the dissociation of two chemically attached ClO molecules. The formation of carbonyl groups and holes on the GO surface was also observed. This study provides important insights into the degradation of carbon nanotubes and the stability of GO during the myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalytic cycle.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alberto Garcia-Fernandez, Birgit Kammlander, Stefania Riva, Hakan Rensmo, Ute B. Cappel
Summary: In this study, the X-ray stability of five different lead halide perovskite compositions (MAPbI3, MAPbCl3, MAPbBr3, FAPbBr3, CsPbBr3) was investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. Different degradation mechanisms and resistance to X-ray were observed depending on the crystal composition. Overall, perovskite compositions based on the MA+ cation were found to be less stable than those based on FA+ or Cs+. Metallic lead formation was most easily observed in the chloride perovskite, followed by bromide, and very little in MAPbI3. Multiple degradation processes were identified for the bromide compositions, including ion migration, formation of volatile and solid products, as well as metallic lead. CsBr was formed as a solid degradation product on the surface of CsPbBr3.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Timofei Rostilov, Vadim Ziborov, Alexander Dolgoborodov, Mikhail Kuskov
Summary: The shock-loading behavior of nanomaterials is investigated in this study. It is found that shock compaction waves exhibit a distinct two-step structure, with the formation of faster precursor waves that travel ahead of the main compaction waves. The complexity of the shock Hugoniot curve of the tested nanomaterial is described, and the effect of initial porosity on the compressed states is demonstrated.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergey S. Nikitin, Alexander D. Koryakov, Elizaveta A. Antipinskaya, Alexey A. Markov, Mikhail V. Patrakeev
Summary: The stability of La1/3Sr2/3Fe1-xMnxO3-delta, a perovskite-type oxide, under reducing conditions is dependent on the manganese content. Increasing the manganese content leads to a decrease in stability. The behavior of iron and manganese in the oxide shows distinct differences, which can be attributed to the difference in the enthalpy of oxidation reactions. Additionally, the change in the La/Sr ratio affects the concentration of iron and manganese ions.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mosayeb Naseri, Shirin Amirian, Mehrdad Faraji, Mohammad Abdur Rashid, Maicon Pierre Lourenco, Venkataraman Thangadurai, D. R. Salahub
Summary: Inspired by the successful transfer of freestanding ultrathin films of SrTiO3 and BiFeO3, this study assessed the structural stability and investigated the electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of a group of two-dimensional perovskite-type materials called perovskenes. The findings revealed that these materials are wide bandgap semiconductors with potential application in UV shielding. Moreover, they exhibit better electrical and thermal conductivity at high temperatures, enabling efficient power generation in thermoelectric devices.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2024)