4.6 Article

Aqueous Sulfate Separation by Sequestration of [(SO4)2(H2O)4]4- Clusters within Highly Insoluble Imine-Linked Bis-Guanidinium Crystals

期刊

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
卷 22, 期 6, 页码 1997-2003

出版社

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504651

关键词

anions; cluster compounds; crystallization; guanidines; self-assembly

资金

  1. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
  2. Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]

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Selective crystallization of sulfate with a simple bis-guanidinium ligand, self-assembled in situ from terephthalaldehyde and aminoguanidinium chloride, was employed as an effective way to separate the highly hydrophilic sulfate anion from aqueous solutions. The resulting bis-iminoguanidinium sulfate salt has exceptionally low aqueous solubility (K-sp=2.4x10(-10)), comparable to that of BaSO4. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed the sulfate anions are sequestered as [(SO4)(2)(H2O)(4)](4-) clusters within the crystals. Variable-temperature solubility measurements indicated the sulfate crystallization is slightly endothermic (H-cryst=3.7kJmol(-1)), thus entropy driven. The real-world utility of this crystallization-based approach for sulfate separation was demonstrated by removing up to 99% of sulfate from seawater in a single step.

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