Island livelihoods: Tourism and fishing at Long Islands, Shandong Province, China

Tourism may enhance island livelihood options, reduce fishing pressures but place new demands on limited resources and disrupt local livelihood systems and socio-cultural traditions. Two fishing villages at Long Islands in Shandong Province, China, are compared using a sustainable livelihood framework to assess livelihood changes induced by Yujiale tourism, a special type of coastal tourism. It is found that livelihoods are enhanced at the community level through the incorporation of Yujiale tourism which uses existing resources of fishing and mariculture and generates jobs and income to supplement these traditional livelihoods. However, an unequal distribution of tourism benefits was found where the poor were largely excluded due to financial limitations. A comparison of the two cases suggests that local leadership affects Yujiale tourism development and its impacts on traditional livelihoods. Practical implications are discussed at both community and household levels to enhance livelihoods sustainability for island communities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.