Article
Surgery
Mohammed Abu-Rumaileh, Raad A. Haddad, Matheos Yosef, Nazanene H. Esfandiari, Andrew Kraftson, Shafaq Khairi, Corey Lager, Jordan Bushman, Shoukoufeh Khalatbari, Monica Tincopa, Oliver Varban, Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer, Elif A. Oral
Summary: This study assessed the impact of preexisting NAFLD on weight loss outcomes up to 5 years after weight loss surgery. The results showed that preexisting NAFLD was associated with lower weight loss outcomes and that NAFLD may persist or recur in a subset of patients after surgery.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anas Hashem, Amani Khalouf, Andres Acosta
Summary: With the recent urbanization and globalization, the adult obesity rate has been increasing, leading to a surge in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Proper timely treatment is essential for NAFLD, with weight loss being a cornerstone. When diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes are not successful, other interventions such as medications and surgical procedures may be needed to improve liver health.
SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Andisheh Norouzian Ostad, Farnood Rajabzadeh, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Ladan Goshayeshi, Golnaz Ranjbar, Reza Rezvani, Mohsen Nematy, Ali Jangjoo
Summary: This study investigated the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on liver fibrosis and found that RYGB can improve liver fibrosis through weight loss and improvement in liver enzyme levels during mid-term follow-up.
UPDATES IN SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nick Finer
Summary: The increase in prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents a significant global health challenge. Weight loss has been identified as the most effective treatment for NAFLD, improving biomarkers, preventing progression, and sometimes reversing fibrosis. Pharmacotherapy, either alone or in combination with lifestyle interventions, is bridging the efficacy gap between diet and exercise and weight-loss surgery in reversing obesity.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shira Azulai, Ronit Grinbaum, Nahum Beglaibter, Shai Meron Eldar, Moshe Rubin, Rachel Ben-Haroush Schyr, Orly Romano-Zelekha, Danny Ben-Zvi
Summary: Comparing the effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), and One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) on ALT levels, the study found that SG was superior in reducing ALT levels and had a lower percentage of patients with post-surgical elevation of ALT levels compared to RYGB and OAGB.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Irene Bellini, Irene Urciuoli, Giovanni Del Gaudio, Giorgia Polti, Giovanni Iannetti, Elena Gangitano, Eleonora Lori, Carla Lubrano, Vito Cantisani, Salvatore Sorrenti, Vito D'Andrea
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and is closely associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Treatment for NAFLD depends on the severity of the disease, including abstinence from alcohol, dietary changes, and reduction of risk factors, as well as procedures like weight loss surgery to improve liver condition.
WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
George Agyapong, Farzaneh Dashti, Bubu A. A. Banini
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. This manuscript provides an overview of NAFLD risk factors, natural history, diagnosis, and current management strategies.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlotte W. Wernberg, Kim Ravnskjaer, Mette M. Lauridsen, Maja Thiele
Summary: Liver disease caused by metabolic dysfunction is a global health issue, with obesity being a strong risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Current diagnostic markers focus on advanced fibrosis detection, with elastography being the most accurate tool, although limited in patients with large abdominal circumference and subcutaneous fat. Advances in omics technologies show promise for discovering biomarkers and increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Steffane McLennan, Kevin Verhoeff, Valentin Mocanu, Uzair Jogiat, Daniel W. Birch, Shahzeer Karmali, Noah J. Switzer
Summary: Revisional bariatric surgery is an option for patients with weight regain or inadequate weight loss after primary elective procedures. However, the safety outcomes of revisional procedures are conflicting. This study aims to characterize the patient demographics, procedure types, and safety outcomes for those undergoing revisional compared to initial bariatric interventions.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Laurens A. van Kleef, Tian Xiao, Robert J. de Knegt, M. Arfan Ikram
Summary: In our recent study, we found no evidence to suggest that fatty liver disease increases the risk of dementia or impairs cognitive function, regardless of the duration of follow-up. We appreciate Dr. Gupta's interest in our findings.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emma Rose McGlone, Matthieu Siebert, Marian Dore, David C. D. Hope, Iona Davies, Bryn Owen, Bernard Khoo, Rob Goldin, Dave Carling, Stephen Bloom, Maude Le Gall, Tricia M-M. Tan
Summary: The study investigated the effects of sleeve gastrectomy on weight-independent improvements in liver steatosis in mice with diet-induced obesity. It was found that VSG not only improves liver fat content but also enhances insulin and glucagon sensitivity.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Zeming Liu, Di Hu, Jinpeng Li, Qing Xia, Yan Gong, Zhengwei Li, Qian Wu, Meilin Yi, Yihui Huang, Meng Wu, Liang Guo, Xiaohui Wu
Summary: Elevated levels of AST and AST/ALT are correlated with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Liver function tests may aid clinicians in determining prognosis for patients undergoing treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Saleh A. Alqahtani, Pegah Golabi, James M. Paik, Brian Lam, Amir H. Moazez, Hazem A. Elariny, Zachary Goodman, Zobair M. Younossi
Summary: In a study of morbidly obese patients, NFS, FIB-4, and APRI were found to be ineffective at detecting advanced fibrosis but were valuable for excluding it. At optimal thresholds, the tests had good NPV but low PPV, and combining them did not improve performance. Additional research is needed to develop new NITs with high positive predictive value.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chongrong Shen, Yanru Chen, Qiaoling Wang, Yingkai Sun, Huibin Lin, Mengshan Ni, Yufei Chen, Ling Zhang, Jiabin Jin, Xiayang Ying, Yuyao Zou, Xiaolin Wang, Yaorui Ye, Miaomiao Yuan, Nan Yin, Zhiwen Cao, Yifei Zhang, Weiqiong Gu, Weiqing Wang, Guang Ning, Jiqiu Wang, Shaoqian Zhao, Jie Hong, Ruixin Liu
Summary: This study investigated the changes in fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their association with metabolic benefits after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The results demonstrated that pre-surgery SCFAs may modify the therapeutic effects of SG, with fecal hexanoate and butyrate being potential modifiers impacting the metabolic benefits.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vo Duy Thong, Bui Thi Huong Quynh
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of serum ALT and AST with liver stiffness in Vietnamese NAFLD patients. The results showed that ALT levels were significantly higher in advanced fibrosis NAFLD patients. ALT had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting moderate to moderate liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ammar Majeed, Michael Bailey, William Kemp, Avik Majumdar, Rinaldo Bellomo, David Pilcher, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: Outcomes of cirrhotic patients admitted to ICUs with infections have improved over time, but outcomes in the ACLF subgroup remain poor.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kelly J. McGorm, James D. Brown, Rebecca L. Thomson, Helena Oakey, Belinda Moore, Alexandra Hendry, Peter G. Colman, Maria E. Craig, Elizabeth A. Davis, Mark Harris, Leonard C. Harrison, Aveni Haynes, Georgia Soldatos, Peter Vuillermin, John M. Wentworth, Jennifer J. Couper, Megan A. S. Penno
Summary: This study evaluated the use of the ENDIA Facebook page and found that it was a valuable recruitment tool. Participants recruited through Facebook were less likely to withdraw during long-term follow-up and had different sociodemographic characteristics compared to conventional recruits. Content featuring participants received the highest engagement on Facebook.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maureen Makama, Arul Earnest, Siew Lim, Helen Skouteris, Briony Hill, Helena Teede, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Wendy J. Brown, Allison M. Hodge, Lisa J. Moran
Summary: Childbearing is associated with increased weight and energy intake, decreased physical activity, improved diet quality, and reduced sitting time. More research is needed to improve weight, energy intake, and physical activity in women of childbearing age.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jessica Howell, Huy Van, Minh D. Pham, Rohit Sawhney, Fan Li, Purnima Bhat, John Lubel, William Kemp, Stephen Bloom, Avik Majumdar, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Samuel Hall, Timothy Spelman, Joseph S. Doyle, Margaret Hellard, Kumar Visvanathan, Alexander Thompson, Heidi E. Drummer, David Anderson
Summary: This study validated the effectiveness of a novel rapid point-of-care test for ALT measurement in evaluating liver disease. The results showed that the test had good accuracy for detecting elevated ALT levels and could be used to determine treatment eligibility in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel Clayton-Chubb, William Kemp, Ammar Majeed, John S. Lubel, Alex Hodge, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, and it is also strongly associated with cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality due to its associations with insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. However, satisfactory pharmacological treatments for NAFLD are limited and challenges remain in predicting individual patient's risk for liver and cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Review
Surgery
Henry Richard Edward Drysdale, David Allan Watters, Yit Leang, Benjamin N. J. Thomson, Wendy Ann Brown, Andrew Wilson, Victorian Surgical Directors Grp
Summary: Victoria experienced three major waves of COVID-19, with Melbourne being locked down for 267 days. The state implemented strict social restrictions, contact tracing, furlough, escalating PPE guidance, and respiratory protection measures, which effectively reduced healthcare worker infections.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Chiara Chadwick, Paul R. R. Burton, Dianne Brown, Jennifer F. F. Holland, Angus Campbell, Jenifer Cottrell, Jennifer Reilly, Andrew D. D. MacCormick, Ian Caterson, Wendy A. A. Brown
Summary: This study aimed to define the expected average length of stay (ALOS) of bariatric surgery in Australia and to identify factors that influence ALOS. The study found that increased patient age, diabetes, rural living, procedural complications, and surgeon and hospital case volume all contributed to a small increase in ALOS following bariatric surgery.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sylvia Kiconco, Arul Earnest, Joanne Enticott, Roger Hart, Trevor A. Mori, Martha Hickey, Helena J. Teede, Anju E. Joham
Summary: In this study, normative diagnostic criteria cut-offs for PCOS in adolescents were defined using cluster analysis. The findings suggest the need to redefine PCOS diagnostic cut-offs in adolescents, as the new cut-offs correspond to lower percentiles compared to conventional cut-offs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maureen Makama, Arul Earnest, Siew Lim, Helen Skouteris, Briony Hill, Helena Teede, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Wendy J. Brown, Allison M. Hodge, Lisa J. Moran
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Kelly D. McGorm, James G. Brown, Alison Roberts, Susan Greenbank, Daniella Brasacchio, Alyssa C. P. Sawyer, Helena G. Oakey, Peter E. Colman, Maria A. Craig, Elizabeth Davis, Georgia L. Soldatos, Rebecca M. Thomson, John J. Wentworth, Jennifer Couper, Megan A. S. Penno
Summary: This study examined the research experiences of caregivers and their children in the ENDIA study. The results showed that 95% of caregivers rated the research experience as excellent or good, and 81% of children expressed satisfaction. Caregivers were motivated by contributing to research and monitoring their children for T1D. The children's preferences were different from their caregivers', with a dislike for blood tests being the main reason for potential withdrawal.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natassia Tan, John Lubel, William Kemp, Stuart Roberts, Ammar Majeed
Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an orphan, cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammatory biliary strictures. The pathophysiology of PSC is poorly understood, but it is likely driven by immune dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, and environmental exposures. Currently, there is no proven medical therapy to alter disease progression in PSC, and liver transplantation is the only option for end-stage liver disease. Manipulation of the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism show promise in phase II trials. Statins and aspirin may reduce the risk of malignancy in PSC patients. Balloon dilatation is safer and equally effective compared to biliary stent insertion for clinically relevant strictures.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel Clayton-Chubb, William Kemp, Ammar Majeed, John S. Lubel, Alex Hodge, Stuart K. Roberts
Review
Oncology
Jonathan Abdelmalak, Natassia Tan, Danny Con, Guy Eslick, Ammar Majeed, William Kemp, Stuart K. Roberts
Summary: This review analyzed all available published studies and found that aspirin reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by about 30%. However, this effect was not seen in patients with cirrhosis, and overall, aspirin users were at a higher risk of bleeding. The findings suggest that aspirin could be a potential preventive treatment for HCC, but more research is needed to determine the optimal patient group and balance the risk of bleeding.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sayed Jafar Ahmadi, Zeinab Musavi, Sumia Ahmadi, Sakina Masha, Nasima Muradi, Nasrat Ullah Samim, Sayed Abbas Sarwary, Sayed Ali Akbar Sarwary, Shamila Shahinzada, Daniel Mcavoy, Arul Earnest, Laura Jobson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of MEmory Training for Recovery-Adolescent (METRA) in improving psychological symptoms among Afghan adolescent boys following a terrorist attack. The study found that METRA was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, Afghan-cultural distress symptoms, and psychiatric difficulties compared to the control group. These improvements were maintained at the three-month follow-up.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Andrew Fu Wah Ho, Mervyn Jun Rui Lim, Arul Earnest, Audrey Blewer, Nicholas Graves, Jun Wei Yeo, Pin Pin Pek, Ling Tiah, Marcus Eng Hock Ong
Summary: This study aimed to quantify the long-term survival and disease burden of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in an Asian cohort. The analysis of 802 OHCA cases revealed significant variations in annual disease burden and mortality rates.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)