Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Klaus M. Wilcken, Krista Simon, Sam Micallef
Summary: This study demonstrates that there is no clear benefit in using 20.3 MeV 10Be3+ ions for 10Be measurement, compared to using 10Be2+ ions. Both ion states can achieve equal suppression against 10B derived interferences.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Thomas A. Brown, Marc W. Caffee, David Fink, Stewart P. H. T. Freeman, Alan J. Hidy, Dylan H. Rood, Klaus M. Wilcken, Thomas E. Woodruff
Summary: Reference materials are crucial for assessing variability and quality in laboratory measurements. This study analyzed data from repeated processing of the CRONUS-N reference material and found reproducibility in the measurements of 10Be and 26Al, as well as the significant impact of non-quartz minerals on the results.
QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gerald Raab, Wasja Dollenmeier, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Goncalo Vieira, Piotr Migon, Michael E. Ketterer, Marcus Christl, Jamey Stutz, Markus Egli
Summary: There is limited data available on comparing soil erosion rates between surfaces of different ages due to short-term processes frequently masking the longer-term erosion signal. This study used isotopes and the principles of percolation theory to investigate the soil dynamics in two areas of different ages at Serra da Estrela, Portugal. The results showed temporal differences in soil mixing processes and revealed that the formerly glaciated area had lower weathering and carbon content compared to the non-glaciated area.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jan Kamenik, Roman Garba, Konstanze Stuebner, Johannes Lachner, Georg Rugel, Frantisek Veselovsky, John D. Jansen, Vitaly Usik, Jan Kucera
Summary: The study aimed to determine the timing of early hominin occupation at Korolevo in western Ukraine. It began with the preparation and evaluation of samples to assess the impact of impurities on the determination of Be-10 and Al-26 using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Analyzed rock samples exhibited varying levels of weathering, lithology, and mass. Follow-up mass spectrometry scans revealed the presence of Ti impurity in BeO targets, prompting quantification of Ti in quartz concentrate. The Al-26 to Be-10 ratios were found to be independent of Ti and Al impurity for samples from the same depositional level. The reduction in AMS Be current was a result of BeO dilution by TiO2 molecules.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Irene Pradas, Mariona Jove, Kevin Huynh, Marta Ingles, Consuelo Borras, Natalia Mota-Martorell, Jose Daniel Galo-Licona, Josep Puig, Jose Vina, Peter J. Meikle, Reinald Pamplona
Summary: Human longevity is associated with specific lipidome features, with structural glycosphingolipids potentially playing a more important role than signaling sphingolipids.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lionel L. Siame, Lucas Espindola Rosa, Luis Felipe Soares Cherem, Jose Guilherme de Oliveira, Olivier Evrard, Houda Barhoumi, Laetitia Leanni, Adrien Duvivier, Pierre-Henri Blard, Didier L. Bourles, A. S. T. E. R. Team ASTER Team, Sophie Cornu
Summary: Land degradation from continental surface erosion is a global issue caused by unsustainable human activities. The intertropical zone, which is already fragile, will likely be further impacted by climate change, leading to increased aridity and exacerbating soil erosion and land degradation. It is crucial to understand the factors that control the critical zone, including its responses to climate and land use changes, in order to achieve sustainability. The Brazilian Cerrado biome provides an ideal natural laboratory for studying the consequences of intense agricultural activities on continental surface erosion, and our findings indicate that human-induced erosion rates greatly exceed sustainable levels.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
T. -Y Xia, W. -W Sun, S. Ebser, W. Jiang, G. -M Yang, H. -M Zhu, Yun-Chong Fu, F. Huang, G. -D Ming, T. Xia, Z. -T Lu
Summary: In this study, the atom-trap trace analysis method was used to measure Ca-41/Ca ratios at the level of 10(-16) and achieved a detection limit at the level of 10(-17). This method has the potential to explore the suitability of Ca-41 as a tracer.
Article
Geography, Physical
Michal Sujan, Kishan Aherwar, Rastislav Vojtko, Regis Braucher, Katarina Sarinova, Andrej Chyba, Jozef Hok, Anita Grizelj, Radovan Pipik, Bronislava Lalinska-Volekova, Barbara Rozsova, Aster Team
Summary: This study employs the authigenic Be-10/Be-9 dating method to construct an age model of Lake Turiec in the intermontane Turiec Basin. The analysis of sedimentological facies associations and magnetostratigraphy suggests an increase in sediment supply to accommodation rate ratio due to the replacement of the open lake environment. The dating results indicate an age range of 10.7-7.8 Ma for the lacustrine succession and 6.7 Ma for the fan delta succession.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geology
Caroline L. Quarrier, Jeffrey S. Kwang, Brendon J. Quirk, Evan A. Thaler, Isaac J. Larsen
Summary: Erosion is detrimental to soil quality and agricultural productivity. Quantifying pre-agricultural and agricultural erosion rates is crucial in assessing the sustainability of farming practices. This study quantified pre-agricultural erosion rates in a major agricultural region in the United States, revealing that the long-term erosion rates are significantly lower than previously measured agricultural erosion rates.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ilaria Bizzarri, Dario Barghini, Paolo Colombetti, Daniele Gardiol, Sara Rubinetti, Salvatore Mancuso, Mario Di Martino, Giovanni Pratesi, Vanni Moggi Cecchi, Nora Groschopf, Andrea Aquino, Matthias Laubenstein, Narendra Bhandari, Carla Taricco
Summary: The Cavezzo meteorite was recovered just three days after its fall over Northern Italy. It was classified as an L5 anomalous chondrite and two specimens were collected. The gamma-activity of the meteorite was measured using a large-volume HPGe-NaI(Tl) spectrometer to detect cosmogenic radioisotopes.
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mang Lin, Mark H. Thiemens
Summary: Reconstruction of past solar activity or high-energy events using cosmogenic radionuclides provides valuable insights into their impacts on near space, satellite technologies, and ecosystems. The use of cosmogenic radiosulfur (35S) allows for improved tracking of solar activity and regional atmospheric circulation changes. Incorporating 35S as an independent parameter in a universal cosmogenic radionuclide model enhances the modeling of other long-lived radionuclides with different atmospheric chemistries.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Walter Kutschera
Summary: A concise and up-to-date list of all AMS facilities in the world is presented, compiled based on the author's knowledge, input from commercial manufacturers, and colleagues. It aims to provide an informative snapshot of the worldwide distribution and status of AMS facilities as of 2022, although it may not be exhaustive and will evolve with the continuous advancement of AMS technology.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jeffrey T. Petty, Savannah Carnahan, Dahye Kim, David Lewis
Summary: Molecular silver clusters can emit different light wavelengths depending on the DNA strands they are coordinated with. Structural modifications on DNA can modulate the electronic states of silver clusters, affecting the luminescence properties.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. Hirtz, I Leya
Summary: Simulating the irradiation of planetary atmospheres by cosmic ray particles requires understanding and quantifying the interactions of charged particles with planetary magnetic fields. This study discusses the often overlooked effects of dispersion and focusing of cosmic ray particle trajectories in magnetospheres.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Thomas A. Neumann, Joseph A. Graly, Jeremy D. Shakun, Brent M. Goehring, Alan J. Hidy, Marc W. Caffee
Summary: The isotopic analysis of subglacial cobbles in western Greenland suggests that most of them have low concentrations of Be-10, indicating deep erosion in their source areas under the Greenland Ice Sheet. Only two cobbles definitively show cosmogenic nuclide concentrations consistent with prior surface exposure. Overall, the subglacial landscape of western Greenland is characterized by deep erosion and minimal subaerial exposure.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Addi Bischoff, Conel M. O'D Alexander, Jean-Alix Barrat, Christoph Burkhardt, Henner Busemann, Detlev Degering, Tommaso Di Rocco, Meike Fischer, Thomas Fockenberg, Dionysis Foustoukos, Jerome Gattacceca, Jose R. A. Godinho, Dennis Harries, Dieter Heinlein, Jan L. Hellmann, Norbert Hertkorn, Anja Holm, A. J. Timothy Jull, Imene Kerraouch, Ashley J. King, Thorsten Kleine, Dominik Koll, Johannes Lachner, Thomas Ludwig, Silke Merchel, Cornelia A. K. Mertens, Precillia Morino, Wladimir Neumann, Andreas Pack, Markus Patzek, Stefan Pavetich, Maximilian P. Reitze, Miriam Rufenacht, Georg Rugel, Charlotte Schmidt, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Maria Schonbachler, Mario Trieloff, Anton Wallner, Karl Wimmer, Elias Woelfer
Summary: A bolide was observed by hundreds of eye-witnesses in several European countries, followed by the discovery of a small meteorite in Flensburg. The presence of short-lived cosmogenic radionuclides in the meteorite proves its recent exposure to cosmic rays, and it has unique mineral compositions.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Spiros Olivotos, Samuel Niedermann, Tyrel Flugel, Vasiliki Mouslopoulou, Silke Merchel, Fenton Cotterill, Bodo Bookhagen, Andreas Gartner, Georg Rugel, Andreas Scharf, Marie-Josee Nadeau, Regis Braucher, Martin Seiler
Summary: The study area between Lakes Mweru and Mweru Wantipa has experienced significant geological and landscape changes since the Miocene, largely due to movements along the active Mweru-Mweru Wantipa Fault System. The exposure histories recorded by Be-10 and Al-26 reflect fluctuations in lake water levels caused by normal faulting along the MMFS and intense climate variations in southeastern Africa over the past approximately 830 ka. The findings highlight the impact of tectonic activity and climate change on the evolution of fluvial-lacustrine landscapes in the region.
Article
Geography, Physical
Konstanze Stuebner, Bodo Bookhagen, Silke Merchel, Johannes Lachner, Mustafo Gadoev
Summary: The study in Bartang valley of northwestern Pamir utilizes cosmogenic Be-10 exposure ages to establish the timing and locations of glacial activities during the Middle Pleistocene, and highlights the instability of glacial sediments through catastrophic mega debris flows occurring after glacial retreat, with remobilized sediments providing valuable age constraints on glacial histories. The developed Gaussian separation algorithm allows for regional comparison of glacial chronologies, providing a summary of Middle and early Late Pleistocene glacial cycles in western High-Mountain Asia.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Julian B. Murton, Thomas Opel, Phillip Toms, Alexander Blinov, Margret Fuchs, Jamie Wood, Andreas Gaertner, Silke Merchel, Georg Rugel, Grigoriy Savvinov, Sebastian Wetterich
Summary: Dating ancient permafrost is crucial for understanding its stability and past environmental conditions. In this study of the megaslump at Batagay in east Siberia, four dating methods were applied and yielded consistent and comparable ages. The results provide insights into the timing and history of permafrost formation in this region, which is important for studying geological changes and climate evolution.
QUATERNARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Addi Bischoff, Jakob Storz, Jean-Alix Barrat, Dieter Heinlein, A. J. Timothy Jull, Silke Merchel, Andreas Pack, Georg Rugel
Summary: In the last 7 years, three meteorites found in Germany were identified as chondrites. The aim of this study was to fully characterize these three meteorites and it was found that they fit nicely within the H-group ordinary chondrites. These meteorites have visible brecciated textures and significant features of weathering. The terrestrial ages of these meteorites indicate that they are similar to meteorite finds from relatively wet terrestrial environments.
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Agustin Negri, Andres Arazi, Maria Elena Barlasina, Jorge Fernandez Niello, Leslie Keith Fifield, Michaela B. Froehlich, Diego Martinez Heimann, Stefan Pavetich, Steve G. Tims, Anton Wallner
Summary: This study measured and analyzed the concentrations of (127)I and I-129 in rainwater samples from various stations in Argentina to assess the distribution patterns and potential sources of (129)I in the Southern Hemisphere. The measured levels of I-129 were significantly higher than those explained by natural background and atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, indicating the injection of (129)I discharged from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants in the Northern Hemisphere into the Southern Hemisphere.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Stefan Pavetich, Anton Wallner, Harry Bottero, L. Keith Fifield, Michaela B. Froehlich, Yanan Huang, Dominik Koll, Zsolt Revay, Zuzana Slavkovska, Johannes H. Sterba, Stephen G. Tims
Summary: This study discusses the use of neutron activation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in determining the cross sections of Zirconium-93, addressing the main challenges in AMS analysis of Zr-93 and laying the groundwork for accurate measurements of the neutron-capture cross sections of Zr-92 at HIAF.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. B. Froehlich, Z. Slavkovska, D. Koll, S. Pavetich, F. Dastgiri, L. K. Fifield, M. A. C. Hotchkis, S. Merchel, S. G. Tims, A. Wallner
Summary: The study aims to measure Pb-210 in the dark matter experiment via AMS, and found that PbF2 mixed with fluorinating agents at 1:1 ratio performed best. Fe (oxide/fluoride) or NaF as bulk material for the AMS target were found unsuitable.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
L. K. Fifield, M. B. Froehlich, D. Koll, S. Pavetich, Z. Slavkovska, S. G. Tims, A. Wallner
Summary: This study investigates the molecular hydride negative ions of mass 129 amu, aiming to understand their potential impact on 129I AMS measurements. The research finds that the contribution of these ions to the detection of 129I7+ is minor, with the main contribution coming from the injection of 127I- ions into the accelerator. However, this contribution can be effectively removed by a Wien filter. Additionally, the 129I/127I ratio in a sample of Woodward iodine obtained from the University of Arizona is reported to be the lowest, while the batch used in the laboratory has a much higher ratio. A suitable material with a lower ratio could not be found.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
D. Koll, A. Wallner, S. Battisson, S. Fichter, L. K. Fifield, M. B. Froehlich, J. Lachner, S. Merchel, S. Pavetich, G. Rugel, Z. Slavkovska, S. G. Tims, R. Ziegenruecker
Summary: This article presents a study on a ferromanganese crust containing active interstellar 60Fe, using various analysis techniques and chemical extraction. The research shows time-dependent variability in growth rate across the surface of the crust, which can be used to search for other interstellar radionuclides.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Georg Rugel, Rene Ziegenrucker, Axel D. Renno, Dominik Koll, Johannes Lachner, Pavol Noga, Carlos Vivo-Vilches, Anton Wallner, Michael Wiedenbeck
Summary: The DREAMS Super-SIMS project aims to provide quantitative concentration data of ultra-trace elements in geological samples through the use of Super-SIMS technology. The lack of well characterized calibration materials poses a challenge for accurate measurement of trace and ultra-trace element contents.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. Wallner, L. K. Fifield, M. B. Froehlich, D. Koll, G. Leckenby, M. Martschini, S. Pavetich, S. G. Tims, D. Schumann, Z. Slavkovska
Summary: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at the Department of Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Applications at the Australian National University is performed using a 14UD tandem accelerator, which has demonstrated exceptional performance over more than three decades. The unique setup comprising an Enge split-pole spectrograph used as a gas-filled magnet has become increasingly important for efficient reduction of isobaric background. The Enge is routinely used for Be-10, Al-26, Si-32, Mn-53, and Fe-60 measurements.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusuke Yokoyama, Stephen Tims, Michaela Froehlich, Shoko Hirabayashi, Takahiro Aze, L. Keith Fifield, Dominik Koll, Yosuke Miyairi, Stefan Pavetich, Michinobu Kuwae
Summary: This article introduces a new method that combines annual banded reef building corals and nearshore marine sediments to determine the start of the nuclear era. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by measuring plutonium content and isotope ratios accurately, which allows reconstruction of the Pacific Pu signal.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Silke Merchel, Regis Braucher, Johannes Lachner, Georg Rugel
Summary: Commercial Be-9 solutions for chemical preparation in accelerator mass spectrometry may contain Be-10 at varying levels, and it is recommended to choose solutions from ACR or LGC for most Earth science applications. Buying a larger quantity of the same production batch and testing them before use is advisable due to variations in Be-10/Be-9 levels in solutions from different manufacturers.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Taisei Hayashi, Kensei Ichiba, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida
Summary: In this study, Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals with different doping levels were synthesized using the floating zone method, and their photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. The results showed that Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals exhibited broad emission bands in the near-infrared region and showed scintillation characteristics within specific wavelength ranges. Additionally, the samples with different Cr doping levels demonstrated different lower detection limits based on the dose rate response function.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Marouf, A. C. Chami, Y. Boudouma
Summary: This study develops a Monte Carlo simulation approach to describe proton-induced secondary electron emission in solids. Theoretical modeling based on the Mott's elastic scattering cross-section and Lindhard's dielectric function was used to calculate the double differential cross-section (DDCS) of excited electrons and describe electron transport in the medium. The results for aluminum show the angular and energy distributions of backscattered electrons for incident protons with energy below 25 keV at normal incidence, and the total electron emission yield also agrees well with available measurements.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Weipeng Yan, Baojun Duan, Zijian Zhu, Yan Song, Guzhou Song, Jiming Ma, Binkang Li, Yucheng Liu
Summary: This article reports on the scintillation performance of Lithium-doped 2D (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite single crystals synthesized at room temperature. The crystals exhibit fast decay time, high light yield, and high spatial resolution, making them highly promising for medical diagnostic applications.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. B. Vishwakarma, S. K. Dubey, R. L. Dubey, I. Sulania, D. Kanjilal
Summary: Investigations have been conducted on the implanted SiO2 thin film after thermal annealing using various analytical techniques. The results revealed the absence of vacancy defects, variations in vibrational modes and the formation of new structures. The photoluminescence intensity of the annealed SiO2 samples was higher, with a decrease in non-radiative defect centers and an increase in radiative Si:SiO2 interface states. Additionally, the presence of silicon nanoclusters formed after annealing resulted in an additional radiative recombination peak. Furthermore, the formation of new SiOx structures was observed after thermal annealing.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Koshimizu, S. Kurashima, A. Kimura, M. Taguchi
Summary: By observing the scintillation time profiles of CeF3 under irradiations of pulsed beams with different LETs, we found that the initial decay was faster for higher LET, which is consistent with previous studies on other self-activated scintillators. This faster decay at higher LET can be explained by the competition between the scintillation caused by 5d-4f transition of Ce3+ ions and quenching due to the interaction between excited Ce3+ ions close to each other.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Junjie Shi, Jianhong Hao, Fang Zhang, Qiang Zhao, Bixi Xue, Jieqing Fan, Zhiwei Dong
Summary: This study examined the neutralization process and beam quality of a hydrogen beam by emitting negative hydrogen ions to a hydrogen target. The findings showed that the neutralization efficiency was influenced by variables such as the transport distance, energy, and target gas density. However, the maximal neutralization efficiency was not affected by the density of the target gas or the energy of the negative hydrogen ions.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)