Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Keene W. Karlsson, Thomas K. Rockwell, John M. Fletcher, Paula M. Figueiredo, Jaziel Froylan Cambron Rosas, Allen M. Gontz, Sambit Prasanajit Naik, Pierre Lacan, Ronald M. Spelz, Lewis A. Owen, Ivan A. Pena Villa, Rodrigo Leon Loya
Summary: Detailed mapping and paleoseismic investigations along a fault scarp array associated with the Canada David detachment in Baja California, Mexico, revealed evidence of Holocene and late Pleistocene earthquakes with a recurrence interval of about 3,000 years. The mechanical behavior of misoriented low-angle normal faults like the Canada David detachment is similar to more optimally oriented faults, suggesting that earthquakes on such faults may be common and difficult to recognize using seismological methods.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hans-Balder Havenith, Kelly Guerrier, Romy Schlogel, Anika Braun, Sophia Ulysse, Anne-Sophie Mreyen, Karl-Henry Victor, Newdeskarl Saint-Fleur, Lena Cauchie, Dominique Boisson, Claude Prepetit
Summary: This study presents the first analysis of landslide distribution and triggering factors in the Nippes Department, Haiti, following the 7.2 magnitude earthquake in August 2021. Landslide mapping was conducted using pre- and post-event remote imagery, and comparisons were made with catalogs compiled by other research teams. The results show a smaller number of landslides triggered in 2021 compared to the 2010 earthquake, but with a larger total area. Possible explanations include earthquake magnitude, fault location, and climatic conditions.
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marco Pizza, Maria Francesca Ferrario, Frank Thomas, Giorgio Tringali, Franz Livio
Summary: Surface faulting is a common phenomenon for crustal earthquakes and poses a significant hazard to buildings and infrastructure. This study aims to update the regressions characterizing the likelihood of surface faulting in order to provide a better evaluation of the hazard.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Xudong Wang, Guoqi Wang, Zhe Li, Zhongyang Fei
Summary: In this paper, a fault estimation and compensation approach is proposed for discrete-time systems with event-triggered scheme based on zonotope techniques. By introducing dynamic interval variables, a component-wise dynamic event-triggered strategy is utilized to reduce the consumption of communication resources. A joint state-fault estimator is constructed to estimate the system state and faults simultaneously, and a co-design approach of the estimator, compensator, and event-triggered strategy is proposed to guarantee stability and performance. Simulation results on aircraft engine systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed method in fault estimation and fault tolerance.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Salvatore Iacoletti, Gemma Cremen, Carmine Galasso
Summary: The study reviews the modeling assumptions in fault-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and proposes a framework to integrate these assumptions, revealing the significant impact of segmentation assumptions and fault interactions on seismic hazard estimates.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tamas Janos Katona, Laszlo Toth, Erzsebet Gyori
Summary: The Featured Application Methodology developed for the Paks nuclear site in Hungary aims to contribute to safety justification. State-of-the-art hazard analysis methods provide fault displacement hazard curves, but evaluating ground displacement hazard requires significant effort and data. The proposed methodology, based on seismotectonic modeling and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, offers a conservative assessment of fault displacement probability to determine its relevance to nuclear power plant safety.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Randolph T. Williams
Summary: This article presents the results of Monte Carlo simulations that examine the effects of truncation of short interevent times (IETs) on the apparent periodicity of large earthquakes generated by a Poisson process. The study finds that this truncation effect leads to chronologies that appear more periodic than the original sequence of events. Previous statistical analyses that assessed for periodicity in the paleoseismic record likely incorporated a bias in favor of apparent periodicity by using Poisson behavior as a null hypothesis. This bias can be corrected by determining or assuming the minimum preserved IET.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hai-Min Lyu, Zhen-Yu Yin
Summary: This study introduces an improved multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach to assess multi-hazard risks in Hong Kong using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) with interval numbers. This approach, incorporating AHP, interval-FAHP, and analytical network process (ANP) into a GIS, shows that more than 15%, 17%, and 18% of areas in Hong Kong are at high risk of floods, muddy-water flows, and landslides, respectively. The comparison suggests that the interval-FAHP-GIS method outperforms AHP-GIS and ANP-GIS in identifying high-risk areas, thanks to its use of interval fuzzy numbers to reflect the importance of assessment factors.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Bo Li, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Thomas Ulrich, Claudia Abril, Benedikt Halldorsson
Summary: In this study, three fault system models of varying complexity were constructed to investigate earthquake hazards in the Husavik-Flatey Fault Zone (HFFZ). By analyzing 79 dynamic rupture scenarios, it was found that fault system geometry, hypocenter location, and prestress can affect rupture cascading potential and slip distributions. The resulting simulated ground motions exhibited spatially heterogeneous near-field characteristics influenced by geometric complexities, topography, and rupture directivity. Physics-based ground motion variability varied with fault-distance and was higher for unilateral ruptures compared to bilateral ruptures. This research provides important insights into the mechanics and earthquake hazard of large strike-slip fault systems like the HFFZ.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alessandro Valentini, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Paolo Contri, Masato Ono, Toshiaki Sakai, Stephen C. Thompson, Emmanuel Viallet, Tadashi Annaka, Rui Chen, Robb E. S. Moss, Mark D. Petersen, Francesco Visini, Robert R. Youngs
Summary: In response to emerging fault displacement hazard evaluation practices, IAEA revised its safety standards for site evaluations of nuclear installations in the last 10 years, explicitly recommending fault displacement hazard assessment and probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis. This article provides an overview of current PFDHA state-of-practice for nuclear installations consistent with the new IAEA safety standards, and summarizes progress in an ongoing international PFDHA benchmark project.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Regine Morgenstern, Andrea Wolter, Simon C. Cox, Biljana Lukovic, Dan Bain, Akansha Sirohi, Zane Bruce, Katie Jones, Brenda Rosser, Dougal Townsend, Chris Massey
Summary: The New Zealand Landslide Dam Database (NZLDD) provides important data for studying the formation, longevity, and stability of landslide dams, contributing to the prevention and mitigation of landslide dam disasters.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jia Cheng, Xiwei Xu, Junjie Ren, Shimin Zhang, Xiyan Wu
Summary: The study analyzed the multi-segment rupturing characteristics of the Xiaojiang fault on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, finding that historical rupture event models influence future seismic simulations, and determined the probability of multi-segment rupturing based on new geological mapping results.
JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Victor Contreras, Jonathan P. Stewart, Tadahiro Kishida, Robert B. Darragh, Brian S. J. Chiou, Silvia Mazzoni, Robert R. Youngs, Nicolas M. Kuehn, Sean K. Ahdi, Katie Wooddell, Ruben Boroschek, Fabian Rojas, Jennyfer Ordenes
Summary: We present the source and path attributes of the NGA-Sub project's relational database, which contains information on 991 earthquakes from 1937 to 2016. The curated data includes earthquakes with high magnitudes, with 73% having M > 5 and 13 events having M > 8. The attributes in the database cover moment tensor, finite-fault parameters, and categorizations based on event types and sequence classification.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Vasileios E. E. Melissianos, Laurentiu Danciu, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos, Roberto Basili
Summary: Lifelines, such as pipelines, roads, and tunnels, must consider the fault displacement hazard when crossing active tectonic faults. Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA) provides a suitable tool for assessing this hazard. A simplified approach for engineering applications is presented, focusing on lifeline-fault crossing and allowing for broader applicability. Investigation of key parameters and their impact on hazard level is included. This approach will be used to approximate fault displacement in Eurocodes.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
B. A. Lathrop, C. A-L. Jackson, R. E. Bell, A. Rotevatn
Summary: This study reviews the relationship between normal fault displacement and length, discusses factors influencing this relationship, and presents a newly assembled database of normal faults. The study finds an overall scaling law of D = 0.3L(0.92) and identifies geological factors that affect this relationship. The revised relationships can be used for predicting fault length or displacement and provide a basis for understanding D/L scaling laws in the context of normal fault growth.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mark Rattenbury, Adam Martin, Troy Baisden, Rose Turnbull, Karyne Rogers
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(2018)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kate Clark, Jamie Howarth, Nicola Litchfield, Ursula Cochran, Jocelyn Turnbull, Lisa Dowling, Andrew Howell, Kelvin Berryman, Franklin Wolfe
Article
Geology
Briar Taylor-Silva, Mark W. Stirling, Nicola J. Litchfield, Jonathan D. Griffin, Ella J. van den Berg, Ningsheng Wang
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rose Turnbull, Karyne Rogers, Adam Martin, Mark Rattenbury, Richard Morgan
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2019)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nicola J. Litchfield, Kate J. Clark, Ursula A. Cochran, Alan S. Palmer, Joshu Mountjoy, Christof Mueller, Regine Morgenstern, Kelvin Berryman, Bruce G. McFadgen, Richard Steele, Nadine G. Reitman, Jamie Howarth, Pilar Villamor
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
C. Massey, D. Townsend, K. Jones, B. Lukovic, D. Rhoades, R. Morgenstern, B. Rosser, W. Ries, J. Howarth, I Hamling, D. Petley, M. Clark, J. Wartman, N. Litchfield, M. Olsen
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Robert M. Langridge, Pilar Villamor, Jamie D. Howarth, William F. Ries, Kate J. Clark, Nicola J. Litchfield
Summary: The Alpine fault in New Zealand poses a significant seismic hazard to the southern and central regions due to its high slip-rate plate boundary fault characteristics. Recent findings from paleoseismic trenches at Toaroha River provide new insights into the fault's surface rupture behavior, indicating a more complex behavior in the north as it transitions into the Marlborough fault system. The most recent rupture event postdates the 1717 Alpine fault rupture, pointing to potential variations in rupture recurrence intervals and ground motion intensity near fault intersections and section ends.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mark W. Stirling, Elizabeth R. Abbott, Dylan H. Rood, Graeme H. McVerry, Norman A. Abrahamson, David J. A. Barrell, Rand Huso, Nicola J. Litchfield, Lisa Luna, David A. Rhoades, Peter Silvester, Russ J. Van Dissen, Chris Van Houtte, Albert Zondervan
Summary: The study demonstrates the first use of fragile geologic features to establish formal design earthquake motions for an existing engineered structure. By utilizing constraints provided by precariously balanced rocks, a safety evaluation earthquake spectrum is developed for the Clyde Dam in New Zealand, showcasing potential applications of this method in engineering design.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pilar Villamor, Nicola J. Litchfield, David Gomez-Ortiz, Fidel Martin-Gonzalez, Brent V. Alloway, Kelvin R. Berryman, Kate J. Clark, William F. Ries, Andrew Howell, India A. Ansell
Summary: The Manawahe Fault, located at the boundary between tectonic and magmatic segments, has ruptured at least seven times in the last 9.5 thousand years, with four of these ruptures occurring during or before volcanic eruptions nearby. The fault has a slip rate of approximately 3 mm/year, formed relatively recently compared to the last major eruption, and has a recurrence interval of 1580-2000 years. Researchers discuss the seismic nature of these prehistoric ruptures and their implications for volcanic and seismic hazard assessment.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geology
Dee Ninis, Timothy Little, Nicola Litchfield, Ningsheng Wang, Katrina Jacobs, C. Mark Henderson
Summary: Researchers have reevaluated the age and elevation of marine terraces along the south coast of the North Island of New Zealand. They found seven different-aged terraces and used Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) data to determine their numerical ages. Most terraces formed during the Last Interglacial and MIS 7a. These terraces are well-preserved in the Hikurangi margin forearc and decrease in altitude towards the west.
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
C. Massey, M. J. Olsen, J. Wartman, A. Senogles, B. Lukovic, B. A. Leshchinsky, G. Archibald, N. Litchfield, R. Van Dissen, S. de Vilder, C. Holden
Summary: The effects of strong ground shaking on hillslope stability can persist for many years after a large earthquake, leading to an increase in post-earthquake land sliding rates. The factors controlling these rates are poorly understood, making it difficult to forecast landslide hazards and risk. This study used a unique data set from the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence in New Zealand to analyze the rates and factors affecting post-earthquake rockfall. The results show that rockfall rates increased significantly after the strongest earthquake in the sequence and decayed over time. Peak ground accelerations and relative height were found to be important variables for forecasting rockfall volume. The study also revealed that previous failures in adjacent areas preconditioned localized slopes for subsequent rockfall.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Mark E. Dickson, Jokotola Omidiji, Nicola J. Litchfield, Kevin P. Norton, Hironori Matsumoto, Raphael L. Krier-Mariani, Sophie L. Horton, Lovleen Acharya-Chowdhury, Aidan D. McLean, Martin D. Hurst, Wayne J. Stephenson
Summary: Holocene marine terraces are important for studying past earthquakes, but erosion can remove them from the landscape, leading to incorrect estimates of earthquake magnitude and frequency. This paper presents the first field evidence of terrace erosion rates and highlights the importance of both downwear and backwear erosion processes. Case studies in New Zealand demonstrate how new terraces can be modified by downwear processes following uplift during an earthquake, and how ongoing erosion can remove parts of older terraces. The study also proposes a new conceptual model for terrace creation and destruction on soft-rock coasts.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Nicola Litchfield, Regine Morgenstern, Kate Clark, Andy Howell, Georgia Grant, Jocelyn Turnbull
Summary: This article discusses the challenges of investigating marine terraces on rocky tectonic coasts and presents a conceptual model of coastal uplift and terrace formation based on a case study in New Zealand.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Article
Geology
Hannu Seebeck, Russ Van Dissen, Nicola Litchfield, Philip M. Barnes, Andrew Nicol, Robert Langridge, David J. A. Barrell, Pilar Villamor, Susan Ellis, Mark Rattenbury, Stephen Bannister, Matthew Gerstenberger, Francesca Ghisetti, Rupert Sutherland, Hamish Hirschberg, Jeff Fraser, Scott D. Nodder, Mark Stirling, Jade Humphrey, Kyle J. Bland, Andrew Howell, Joshu Mountjoy, Vicki Moon, Timothy Stahl, Francesca Spinardi, Dougal Townsend, Kate Clark, Ian Hamling, Simon Cox, Willem de Lange, Paul Wopereis, Mike Johnston, Regine Morgenstern, Genevieve Coffey, Jennifer D. Eccles, Timothy Little, Bill Fry, Jonathan Griffin, John Townend, Nick Mortimer, Samantha Alcaraz, Cecile Massiot, Julie V. Rowland, James Muirhead, Phaedra Upton, Julie Lee
Summary: The New Zealand Community Fault Model (NZ CFM) is a publicly available model representing fault zones in New Zealand that have the potential to cause damaging earthquakes. It is compiled through collaborative engagement between earthquake-science experts and incorporates new and modified information. The NZ CFM consists of a two-dimensional map representation of fault zones and a three-dimensional representation projected down-dip from the mapped traces. This article summarizes the compilation and parameterization of the NZ CFM, its relation to previous datasets, and its applications in seismic hazard assessment and earthquake modeling for New Zealand.
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Russ J. Van Dissen, Timothy Stahl, Andrew King, Jarg R. Pettinga, Clark Fenton, Timothy A. Little, Nicola J. Litchfield, Mark W. Stirling, Robert M. Langridge, Andrew Nicol, Jesse Kearse, David J. A. Barrell, Pillar Villamor
BULLETIN OF THE NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2019)
