Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Tariqjaveed, Abdul Mateen, Shanzhi Wang, Shanshan Qiu, Xinhang Zheng, Jie Zhang, Vijai Bhadauria, Wenxian Sun
Summary: Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a variety of effector molecules, such as proteins, small RNAs, and phytohormones, which play crucial roles in undermining host immunity, acquiring nutrients, and promoting pathogen colonization. These effectors target different subcellular compartments in host cells to interfere with biological processes and suppress host immunity.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Sperschneider, Peter N. Dodds
Summary: Many fungi and oomycete pathogens secrete effector proteins to facilitate plant infection. A classifier (EffectorP 3.0) has been developed to accurately predict effector proteins in fungal and oomycete secretomes with low false-positive rates.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Suarez-Fernandez, Ana Aragon-Perez, Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca, Federico Lopez-Moya
Summary: Endophytic fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia contains four putative LysM effector proteins, with one of them showing high expression in banana roots. Phylogenetic analysis reveals evolutionary divergence in LysM effectors of Pc123. Conservation of cysteines in LysM motifs suggests a potential association with fungal lifestyle and behavior in different environments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Francisco Henrique Nunes da Silva Alves, Isadora Cristofoli Pereira, Samuel Alves dos Santos, Ana Leticia Rocha Monteiro, Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal, Acelino Couto Alfenas, Jorge Luis Badel
Summary: In this study, factors involved in the pathogenicity of Erwinia psidii (Eps) were predicted. The genomes of four Eps strains with different virulence on eucalypt were sequenced, and a complete type III secretion system (T3SS) and 18 effectors were predicted. Eleven effectors were shared among all strains, while seven were absent in at least one strain. These effectors were predicted to target different subcellular compartments of plant cells. Furthermore, strain-specific apoplastic effectors were also identified. These findings provide an important framework for further research on the pathogenicity of Eps.
Review
Plant Sciences
Richard A. Wilson, John M. McDowell
Summary: Fungal and oomycete pathogens secrete proteins and small RNAs to manipulate plant regulatory networks, and research on these factors has advanced our understanding of effector gene expression and effector-triggered immunity mechanisms.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Botao Li, Yoshihiko Nishikawa, Philipp Hollmer, Louis Carillo, A. C. Maggs, Werner Krauth
Summary: This paper discusses pressure computations for the hard-disk model since 1953 and compares them with the results obtained from advanced Monte Carlo and Metropolis algorithms. The difficulty of estimating pressure in the hard-disk phase-transition scenario has not been fully recognized in the long-standing controversy. The authors present the physics of the hard-disk model, the definition of pressure, unbiased estimators, and different sampling algorithms and criteria for bounding mixing times.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Fernando Navarrete, Nenad Grujic, Alexandra Stirnberg, Indira Saado, David Aleksza, Michelle Gallei, Hazem Adi, Andre Alcantara, Mamoona Khan, Janos Bindics, Marco Trujillo, Armin Djamei
Summary: Biotrophic plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate host physiology, with pleiades as a cluster of ten genes that suppress ROS production in infected tissue. This study highlights the functional relevance of effector gene organization and the redundancy and mechanistic diversity in effector functions.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Zunyong Liu, Yunqing Jian, Libo Shan
Summary: In a recent study published in Cell Reports, Zuo et al. characterized the mechanism by which Fusarium graminearum CFEM effectors suppress ZmWAK17-mediated defense responses in maize.
Article
Microbiology
Karen Cristine Goncalves dos Santos, Gervais Pelletier, Armand Seguin, Francois Guillemette, Jeffrey Hawkes, Isabel Desgagne-Penix, Hugo Germain
Summary: The study revealed that transgenic plants expressing candidate effectors of poplar rust fungus Mlp caused significant gene and metabolite deregulation. Genes involved in pattern-triggered immunity were down-regulated, and similar effector sequences led to correlated patterns of gene and metabolite deregulation. This highlights the importance of investigating individual effectors rather than generalizing based on sequence similarity when studying plant susceptibility.
Review
Plant Sciences
Maleen Hartenstein, Markus Albert, Kirsten Krause
Summary: Cuscuta research, which has lasted for over a century, has made significant contributions to our understanding of the parasitic angiosperm genus. Early studies established the phylogenetic framework, while recent breakthroughs in molecular basis of parasitism have been facilitated by modern technologies. This review connects the past breakthroughs to current research activities and explores future directions in this growing field.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lorenzo Pavesi
Summary: Silicon Photonics, a technology proposed almost 30 years ago, has gone through several stages of development, from addressing the lack of a silicon laser to exploring novel features of photons in different systems, and then to exploring microring resonators and their applications in integrated photonic circuits, finally leading to the emergence of quantum photonic devices. These developments have brought widespread applications of silicon photonics in sensing, photovoltaics, and optical signal processing.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Russell Blong
Summary: Global catastrophic risks such as sea level rise, volcanic eruptions, pandemics, and geomagnetic storms have diverse biophysical characteristics and potential consequences, with impacts ranging from short-term to long-term and losses extending beyond human mortality and economic damage to include intangible aspects.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silke Leimkuehler
Summary: Mo/W-containing formate dehydrogenases (FDH) catalyze reversible oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide at their metal active sites. These enzymes are members of the dimethylsulfoxide reductase family, and their active sites consist of Mo or W atoms coordinated by dithiolene groups, SeCys or Cys, and a sulfido ligand. The similarities between W and Mo, the similarity of their active sites, and the ability of W to replace Mo in some enzymes suggest that Mo- and W-containing FDHs have the same reaction mechanism. However, the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes is still not fully understood.
Article
Virology
Raymond Gilden
Summary: The passage describes the author's professional and personal relationship with Steve over 20 years, highlighting pride in playing a role in Steve's remarkable scientific journey.
Review
Plant Sciences
Prajjwal Rai, Laxman Prasad, Pramod Kumar Rai
Summary: Oilseed brassica plays a critical role in global food and nutritional security. Indian mustard, known as B. juncea, is cultivated in various regions, including the Indian subcontinent, but it faces challenges from fungal pathogens. While chemicals are commonly used for pest control, their sustainability is questionable, thus calling for alternative approaches. This review explores the diverse B. juncea-fungal pathosystem and highlights the two-step resistance mechanism, as well as the role of hormonal signaling in defense. It further discusses studies on fungal pathogens, effectoromics, and the development of resistant transgenics.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)