Article
Clinical Neurology
Alfonso Delgado-Alvarez, Jordi A. Matias-Guiu, Cristina Delgado-Alonso, Laura Hernandez-Lorenzo, Ana Cortes-Martinez, Lucia Vidorreta, Paloma Montero-Escribano, Vanesa Pytel, Jorge Matias-Guiu
Summary: Verbal fluency in Multiple Sclerosis is influenced by various cognitive processes, such as attention-executive functioning, memory, and language. Machine-learning algorithms using VF-derived scores can effectively predict cognitive deficits in MS patients, particularly in the areas of general cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nourhen Mezghanni, Ghazi Rekik, Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan, Yosra Belkhir, Rayda Ben Ayed, Atyh Hadadi, Turki Mohsen Alzahrani, Cheng-Deng Kuo, Yung-Sheng Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the use of coordinated visual and verbal cues in narrated diagrams would enhance novices' learning of soccer scenes. The findings demonstrated the instructional benefits of using dual-modality cues in complex multimedia materials, improving both immediate and delayed recall performances.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Jasper B. Gomez, Christopher M. Waters
Summary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the protein HecE to drive heterogeneity of cyclic di-GMP signalling in biofilms as a division-of-labour strategy to maximize colonization and dispersal.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Ken Sasaki, Yasukazu Okada, Hiroyuki Shimoji, Hitoshi Aonuma, Toru Miura, Kazuki Tsuji
Summary: Researchers have proposed hypotheses to explain the reproductive division of labor in bees, including the ovarian ground plan hypothesis and the split-function hypothesis. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of biogenic amines in regulating reproduction and social behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Miri Adler, Noa Moriel, Aleksandrina Goeva, Inbal Avraham-Davidi, Simon Mages, Taylor S. Adams, Naftali Kaminski, Evan Z. Macosko, Aviv Regev, Ruslan Medzhitov, Mor Nitzan
Summary: Most cell types in multicellular organisms can perform multiple functions but not simultaneously. Division of labor can arise through tissue environment or self-organization mechanisms, resulting in distinguishable expression patterns at the population level. We developed a computational framework to investigate the contribution of these mechanisms and propose a method to infer division-of-labor mechanisms from single-cell RNA sequencing data.
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Yue Shui, Dingde Xu, Yi Liu, Shaoquan Liu
Summary: Based on a disordered multi-class logistic regression model and data from a 2016 rural household survey in Sichuan, this study analyzed the impact of human capital and social capital on rural division of labor and gender division of labor in China. The findings suggest that education level influences non-agricultural work choices, with women's division of labor more affected by social capital compared to men. This conclusion provides policy suggestions for promoting stable employment for rural labor and urbanization strategies.
SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Antonio Reia, Martina Petruzzo, Fabrizia Falco, Teresa Costabile, Matteo Conenna, Antonio Carotenuto, Maria Petracca, Giuseppe Servillo, Roberta Lanzillo, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Marcello Moccia
Summary: This study found that cardiovascular risk was associated with verbal learning dysfunction in MS patients, with each point increase in the Framingham risk score corresponding to a lower CVLT-II score. Male sex and higher total cholesterol levels were identified as main factors contributing to lower CVLT scores.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Janneke van de Pol, Tamara van Gog, Keith Thiede
Summary: In monitoring students' performance, accurately judging the value of diagnostic cues is crucial for teachers, while using non-diagnostic cues can decrease monitoring accuracy. Improving teachers' ability to accurately judge diagnostic cues and helping them ignore non-diagnostic cues is essential for enhancing monitoring accuracy.
TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rory L. Williams, Richard M. Murray
Summary: The authors developed a terminal differentiation gene circuit in E. coli to improve the evolutionary stability of burdensome engineered functions. This strategy allows cells to express burdensome functions while limiting their proliferation to prevent the propagation of advantageous loss-of-function mutations. Terminal differentiation increases the duration and yield of high-burden expression and can be further improved with strategic redundancy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Zhenqi Liang, Gang Xiao, Jianqiu Hu, Jingshi Wang, Chunshan Ding
Summary: This paper proposes a simple and effective tracker called MotionTrack for multiple object tracking in unmanned surface vehicle videos. By utilizing motion cues and conducting extensive experiments on the Jari-Maritime-Tracking-2022 dataset, the proposed tracker achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Editorial Material
Biology
Jos Kramer, Rolf Kummerli
Summary: A mathematical model reveals why members of a group still divide tasks between them even when specialization reduces individual performance.
Article
Agronomy
Xiaojing Zhang, Yue Hao, Qingsheng Niu, Yanping Chen, Zhenyu Xia, Zihan Xie, Yazhou Zhao, Lingjie Kong, Wenjun Peng
Summary: This study systematically characterized the brain lipid compositions of worker bees at different labor stages and found that the brain lipidomes are associated with the division of labor in honeybees. The researchers identified specific labor-featured lipids and their interactions with behavior-related genes, providing insights into the role of brain lipids in labor-dependent behaviors of honeybees.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gregorius Abanit Asa, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Melkianus Ratu, Elsa Dent, Paul Russell Ward
Summary: COVID-19 has had a rapid global impact, particularly on older people. Female family caregivers have played a crucial role in caring for older people living at home. This study in Belu district, Indonesia, explored the actions and challenges faced by female family caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the actions taken by caregivers, such as limiting visitations and activities, providing nutrition and education, as well as the challenges they faced, including fear of contracting and transmitting the virus, and feeling stressed and overburdened. The study emphasizes the importance of supporting both caregivers and older people at home through intervention programs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Harunobu Shibao, Mayako Kutsukake, Takema Fukatsu
Summary: Social aphid Tuberaphis styraci exhibits elaborate age polyethism, with young soldiers primarily responsible for cleaning and older soldiers more involved in attacking. This task switching is adaptive and parallels the temporal division of labor observed in honeybee colonies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yvette D. Alcott, Susan E. Watt
Summary: The study explored the effects of non-verbal accent on categorization and stereotyping, revealing subtle cues to cultural group membership. The research also tested the impact of racial essentialism in how individuals categorize and assess others based on race.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Philip Millroth, August Collsioo, Peter Juslin
Summary: The research highlights the limitations of traditional decision-making approaches based on unitary conceptions of rationality, and suggests a more open-ended process of discovery and systematization for better understanding how the mind exploits environments.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Mathematical
Joakim Sundh, August Collsioo, Philip Millroth, Peter Juslin
Summary: The study developed the precise/not precise (PNP) model based on Brunswik's ideas, using a mixture distribution to simulate the ratio of error-perturbed and error-free executions in an algorithm, confirming the distinction between two cognitive processes and effectively recovering parameters in various tasks.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Gabor P. Haden, Fleur L. Bouwer, Henkjan Honing, Istvan Winkler
Summary: Newborn infants are capable of extracting temporal regularities from sound sequences. By manipulating the isochrony of sound sequences, researchers found that beat perception and statistical learning can be distinguished in newborns. Despite newborns' ability for statistical learning, this alone cannot fully explain their beat processing.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Joan Danielle K. Ongchoco, Joshua Knobe, Julian Jara-Ettinger
Summary: A study using a block-puzzle experiment found that people can prioritize what to think about based on the value of different options, and can flexibly prioritize high-value or low-value options depending on the situation. Computational modeling showed that these thinking strategies are broadly rational and maximize the value of long-term decisions.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Lei Yuan, Miriam Novack, David Uttal, Steven Franconeri
Summary: Research shows that relational language can enhance relational representation by guiding learners' attention, and this facilitative effect persists over time even in the absence of language.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Sebastian Holt, Judith E. Fan, David Barner
Summary: The ability to communicate about exact number is crucial in modern human practices. People use various strategies, such as 1-to-1 correspondence, configuration of sets, and salient numerical features of objects, to convey numbers.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Jasna Martinovic
Summary: This study investigates the acquisition of color categories and suggests that the acquisition of boundary discriminations for hue-defined categories is more efficient than for lightness-defined categories. It also highlights the importance of labels in color category learning and how they can guide attention.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Fan Yang, Steven O. Roberts
Summary: Children's evaluations of nonconformity are influenced by nonconformists' group orientations, with nonconformity motivated by positive intentions towards the ingroup being more accepted. Children also have a more positive evaluation of nonconformists who bring the ingroup and the outgroup together.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Joshua Snell
Summary: This study revealed that readers are able to extract syntactic information from multiple words simultaneously in a very short period of time, as demonstrated by significant effects on response times and accuracy. This suggests that the brain can process higher-order linguistic information from multiple words in parallel.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Angela Pasqualotto, Aaron Cochrane, Daphne Bavelier, Irene Altarelli
Summary: This article introduces a novel non-linguistic audio-visual associative learning task to study individual differences and learning rate, and correlates it with working memory performance and reading ability.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Kaichi Yanaoka, Felice van't Wout, Satoru Saito, Christopher Jarrold
Summary: This study aimed to investigate how prior task experience impacts the engagement of cognitive control in novel task environments. The results demonstrated that prior task experience influences the way individuals engage in similar task conditions and this influence can sometimes result in negative transfer. Furthermore, individuals also acquired knowledge about the temporal and hierarchical aspects of task goals.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Jesse H. Grabman, Chad. S. Dodson
Summary: Many studies have shown that competence influences an individual's ability to monitor their item-level performance. The debate about how to explain these individual differences in metacognition persists. This study investigated the competence-based account, the performance-based account, and the metacognitive awareness account. The results showed that objectively stronger face recognizers displayed better discrimination and calibration in confidence ratings compared to weaker recognizers. Additionally, participants with greater self-assessed ability used higher levels of confidence, regardless of trial accuracy. These findings support the competence-based account.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Kristina Krasich, Kevin O'Neill, Samuel Murray, James R. Brockmole, Felipe De Brigard, Antje Nuthmann
Summary: Research on gaze control has shown that mind wandering and processing demands modulate fixation durations through different mechanisms in scene viewing. This suggests that changes in fixation durations cannot solely infer processing demands without understanding the underlying mechanisms.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
James S. Magnuson, Anne Marie Crinnion, Sahil Luthra, Phoebe Gaston, Samantha Grubb
Summary: The modulation of perception by top-down feedback has significant implications for cognitive theories. This paper reviews the debate on feedback in spoken word recognition models, corrects misconceptions about computational demonstrations, and explains how interactive activation models improve word recognition through the joint effects of feedback and lateral inhibition.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Yue Chen, Weimin Mou
Summary: This project tested the interaction between self motion-based path integration and landmark-based piloting in a familiar environment. The results showed that path integration functions automatically in the absence of persistent landmarks, and that persistent landmarks suppress path integration. Path integration also updates the spatial views of the environment. The updated spatial views help eliminate ambiguous targets or landmarks within the familiar environment.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Sarah A. Wu, Tobias Gerstenberg
Summary: How replaceable a person is affects responsibility judgments. The counterfactual replacement model predicts that people are held more responsible if it would have been difficult to replace them. Three experiments using a quantitatively controlled paradigm support this model's predictions and show that it explains responsibility judgments better than alternative models based solely on what actually happened.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Talya Sadeh, Morris Moscovitch
Summary: Temporal-structure is a fundamental principle of episodic memory organization, and recent studies suggest that it is encoded automatically. This study investigated whether strategic control processes influence the retrieval of temporal structure in memory. The results showed that while dividing attention negatively affected overall recall performance, it did not affect the ability to use temporal structure to drive recall.