News Item
Optics
Davide Bacco, Maja Colautti
Summary: Exceptionally high secret key generation rates of 64 Mbits(-1) and 115.8 Mbits(-1) were achieved over a 10 km optical fibre link using custom-built 14-pixel and 16-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, respectively, and fast quantum key distribution transmitters.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Colin A. Kretz
Summary: The study introduces a novel thrombolytic agent, Microlyse, which targets von Willebrand factor to activate plasminogen and has potential therapeutic applications for acute episodes of TTP.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Silvia Scalisi, Dario Pisignano, Francesca Cella Zanacchi
Summary: In recent years, single-molecule localization techniques have been used for biological research, and super-resolution has been proposed as a quantitative tool for quantifying protein copy numbers at the nanoscale. Quantitative approaches, including stepwise photobleaching and quantitative SMLM, offer a precise tool for investigating protein complexes.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Califf, F. J. Rich, T. M. Loto'aniu, H. J. Singer, R. J. Redmon
Summary: We characterized the long-term bias stability of the GOES-NOP series magnetometers (GOES-13, 14, and 15) using data from 2013 through 2018. The measurements were compared using three methods: inboard/outboard comparison, comparison to the TS04 magnetic field model, and inter-spacecraft comparison. The results showed that GOES-14 and GOES-15 measurements were stable within approximately 1-2 nT. Although the GOES-13 inboard magnetometer had contamination issues, the inter-spacecraft comparisons with GOES-14 and GOES-15 indicated that the GOES-13 outboard magnetometer was also stable. Direct comparisons to the TS04 magnetic field model supported the conclusion that there was little long-term bias drift over the 6-year period. The relative comparisons provided constraints on the stability of the observations, allowing for future absolute calibration of the DC bias.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
C. Eckel, R. T. Weitz
Summary: Remotely powered vertical electrochemical transistors can accurately track subtle nerve-cell activity, even with the transistor core fully shielded from the biological environment.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Christopher H. Marrows
Summary: A significant spin-orbit interaction is introduced in a purely silicon heterostructure and can be adjusted by applying a gate voltage.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andrew R. Akbashev
Summary: Researchers often overlook the complexity and usability of nanoelectrocatalysts with outstanding performance, leading to a lack of meaningful interpretation and scientific insight in previous studies. This article suggests that experiments should be designed to minimize the complexity of electrode materials in order to obtain interpretable electrochemical responses. Greater recognition of the challenges in this field will help improve the quality of research in electrocatalysis.
Editorial Material
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Norikazu Mizuochi
Summary: Quantum sensing using electron spins in diamond is precise but inefficient at high magnetic fields. An alternative method utilizing carbon-13 nuclei spins can operate effectively in high-field regimes.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jameel Iqbal, Mone Zaidi
Summary: The study by McDonald et al. discovered that giant multinucleated, bone-resorbing osteoclasts can dissolve into smaller cells, termed osteopmorhs,'' which re-form into osteoclasts at distal bone sites. These findings overturn the long-standing premise that osteoclasts differentiate solely from hematopoietic precursors and undergo apoptosis after completing resorption.
Editorial Material
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Artur Bednarkiewicz, Marcin Szalkowski
Summary: A new excitation scheme has been developed to broaden the range of colors available for near-infrared excitable photon avalanching nanoscale labels, which can be used for super-resolution imaging.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florian Schueder, Joerg Bewersdorf
Summary: Spatial omics techniques provide comprehensive data about the identity and function of cells in tissues. Epigenetic multiplexing approaches like MERFISH allow researchers to study the epigenomic regulation of gene expression in tissue-specific regions.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Antonio J. Monforte
Summary: Traditional plant breeding has utilized heterosis to obtain high-yielding cultivars since the beginning of the 20th century, but a new study shows that yield heterosis can also be induced from the rootstock to the scion by grafting cultivars onto different hybrid rootstocks. This approach of exploiting root potentialities rather than focusing on root architecture is especially relevant for hybrid crops that do not meet expected yield and quality parameters.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Lei Tang
Summary: Microfluidic channels provide a method for delivering barcodes encoding spatial information to tissues, enabling the co-profiling of gene expression and proteins of interest in a spatially resolved manner.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yang Lin, Xiaoyong Pan, Hong-Bin Shen
Summary: This study presents an updated cell-line-specific predictor IncLocator 2.0, which uses deep models trained per cell line to predict IncRNA subcellular localization from sequences. By constructing benchmark datasets, learning word embeddings, and utilizing different neural networks, IncLocator 2.0 achieves varying effectiveness in different cell lines and demonstrates the necessity of training cell-line-specific models. Moreover, the use of Integrated Gradients helps explain the proposed model and identifies potential patterns related to specific nucleotides that determine the subcellular localizations of IncRNAs.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Mattia Bonsignori, Joseph Marcotrigiano
Summary: This article reveals the important findings in the development of an HCV vaccine, including the isolation of potent and broad neutralizing antibodies and the prediction of mutations that enhance their function, which can guide immunogen design.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Maxwell Block, Yimu Bao, Soonwon Choi, Ehud Altman, Norman Y. Yao
Summary: The presence of long-range power-law interactions fundamentally alters the nature of the transition between scrambling unitary evolution and projective measurements in the dynamics of quantum entanglement. For sufficiently weak power laws, the transition induced by measurements is described by conformal field theory, similar to short-range-interacting hybrid circuits. However, beyond a critical power law, long-range interactions result in a continuum of nonconformal universality classes with continuously varying critical exponents. The phase diagram for a one-dimensional, long-range-interacting hybrid circuit model is numerically determined as a function of the power-law exponent and the measurement rate. Furthermore, a theoretical understanding for the critical power law is provided by using an analytic mapping to a long-range quantum Ising model.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Roel Van Beeumen, Khaled Z. Ibrahim, Gregory D. Kahanamoku-Meyer, Norman Y. Yao, Chao Yang
Summary: We propose techniques to enhance the parallel scalability of a matrix-free eigensolver for studying many-body localization (MBL) of quantum spin chain models. By reordering the matrix and leveraging consistent space runtime, we significantly improve the scalability of the eigensolver. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated through computing eigenstates on a massively parallel high-performance computer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Gregory D. Kahanamoku-Meyer, Soonwon Choi, Umesh V. Vazirani, Norman Y. Yao
Summary: Existing experimental demonstrations of quantum computational advantage have had limitations in verifying the correctness of the quantum device. This study proposes an interactive protocol that is efficiently classically verifiable, relying on cryptographic tools called trapdoor claw-free functions. The protocol avoids demanding cryptographic properties, maintains low quantum circuit complexity, and introduces two new trapdoor claw-free function constructions. The study also presents innovations to improve efficiency and reduce fidelity requirements, providing a blueprint for implementing the protocol on quantum devices.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Schuster, Bryce Kobrin, Ping Gao, Iris Cong, Emil T. Khabiboulline, Norbert M. Linke, Mikhail D. Lukin, Christopher Monroe, Beni Yoshida, Norman Y. Yao
Summary: Recent advances have uncovered a many-body generalization of quantum teleportation with a surprising connection to gravity, where quantum information can be transmitted through a traversable wormhole. This paper proposes and analyzes a new mechanism for many-body quantum teleportation called peaked-size teleportation, which utilizes the spreading of local operators under generic thermalizing dynamics instead of gravitational physics. The ubiquity of peaked-size teleportation is demonstrated analytically and numerically in various physical systems, providing insights for characterizing operator size distributions and distinguishing between generic and intrinsically gravitational scrambling dynamics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Luca Chirolli, Norman Y. Yao, Joel E. Moore
Summary: The hybrid architecture proposed in this Letter combines a superconducting qubit with a topologically protected Majorana memory, enabling the combination of fast gates and long-lived quantum memories.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lillian B. Hughes, Zhiran Zhang, Chang Jin, Simon A. Meynell, Bingtian Ye, Weijie Wu, Zilin Wang, Emily J. Davis, Thomas E. Mates, Norman Y. Yao, Kunal Mukherjee, Ania C. Bleszynski C. Jayich
Summary: Using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition epitaxial growth with delta-doping, we have successfully engineered dense 2D nitrogen and NV layers with a density of 1 ppm·nm. We characterized the density and dimensionality of the P1 and NV layers using traditional materials techniques and NV spin decoherence-based measurements. The P1 density was found to be between 5-10 ppm·nm, the NV density can be tuned to 1-3.5 ppm·nm by electron irradiation dosage, and the depth confinement of the spin layer is approximately 1.6 nm. We also observed a high ratio of NV to P1 centers up to 0.74 and reproducibly long NV coherence times, mainly influenced by dipolar interactions with the engineered P1 and NV spin baths.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cheng Chen, Guillaume Bornet, Marcus Bintz, Gabriel Emperauger, Lucas Leclerc, Vincent S. Liu, Pascal Scholl, Daniel Barredo, Johannes Hauschild, Shubhayu Chatterjee, Michael Schuler, Andreas M. Laeuchli, Michael P. Zaletel, Thierry Lahaye, Norman Y. Yao, Antoine Browaeys
Summary: Spontaneous symmetry breaking is the basis of classifying phases of matter and their transitions, and continuous symmetry breaking leads to the emergence of gapless Goldstone modes that control the thermodynamic stability of the ordered phase. In this study, a two-dimensional dipolar XY model is realized using a programmable Rydberg quantum simulator, and the presence of long-range XY order is characterized. This work complements recent studies on Ising-type interactions showing discrete spin rotation symmetry using the Rydberg-blockade mechanism.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Pai Peng, Bingtian Ye, Norman Y. Yao, Paola Cappellaro
Summary: Probing strongly interacting quantum systems with high spatial resolution can be challenging. An experiment now uses disorder in nuclear spin chains as a local probe to investigate spin and energy hydrodynamics. Our approach leverages the intrinsic disorder present in a solid-state spin ensemble to measure local correlation functions, down to single-site resolution, despite access to only global controls. We investigate the cross-over between ballistic and diffusive hydrodynamics by tuning the interaction Hamiltonian via Floquet engineering.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
E. J. Davis, B. Ye, F. Machado, S. A. Meynell, W. Wu, T. Mittiga, W. Schenken, M. Joos, B. Kobrin, Y. Lyu, Z. Wang, D. Bluvstein, S. Choi, C. Zu, A. C. Bleszynski Jayich, N. Y. Yao
Summary: The quantum decoherence dynamics of probe spins in diamond defects can be used to study strongly interacting many-body systems, and the information about the many-body system can be obtained by measuring the decoherence dynamics of the probe qubit.
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael P. Zaletel, Mikhail Lukin, Christopher Monroe, Chetan Nayak, Frank Wilczek, Norman Y. Yao
Summary: The spontaneous breaking of time-translation symmetry has led to the discovery of a new phase of matter called the discrete time crystal. This Colloquium reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances in the study of quantum and classical discrete time crystals, focusing on the breaking of ergodicity as the key to understanding these crystals. The paper discusses theoretical strategies to stabilize time crystalline order and experimental platforms for investigating time-crystalline order.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lee R. Liu, Dina Rosenberg, P. Bryan Changala, Philip J. D. Crowley, David J. Nesbitt, Norman Y. Yao, Timur V. Tscherbul, Jun Ye
Summary: This study reports the observation of rotational ergodicity breaking in the large molecule C-12(60). The unique combination of symmetry, size, and rigidity of the molecule leads to the peculiar dynamics observed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Wei, Antonio Rubio-Abadal, Bingtian Ye, Francisco Machado, Jack Kemp, Kritsana Srakaew, Simon Hollerith, Jun Rui, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Norman Y. Yao, Immanuel Bloch, Johannes Zeiher
Summary: Researchers experimentally investigated the relaxation of domain walls in spin chains in a cold-atom quantum simulator and found that it is governed by the KPZ dynamical exponent. They also discovered that the occurrence of KPZ scaling requires both integrability and a nonabelian SU(2) symmetry. Additionally, they used a quantum gas microscope to measure an observable based on spin-transport statistics and observed the nonlinearity characteristic of KPZ universality.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Bellitti, Chris R. Laumann, Boris Z. Spivak
Summary: This theoretical study examines the excitation of Higgs oscillations in superconductors using incoherent short pulses of light with frequency much larger than the superconducting gap. The amplitude of the Higgs mode is determined by a single parameter linked to the total number of quasiparticles excited by the pulse, reflecting the universality of the shape of the light-induced quasiparticle cascade at certain energy ranges.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pavel E. Dolgirev, Shubhayu Chatterjee, Ilya Esterlis, Alexander A. Zibrov, Mikhail D. Lukin, Norman Y. Yao, Eugene Demler
Summary: We propose the use of isolated single-spin qubits as a nanoscale magnetometry probe for superconductivity in two-dimensional materials. By studying the magnetic field noise due to current and spin fluctuations, we can obtain useful information about the transition to a superconducting phase and the pairing symmetry of the superconductor. Surprisingly, the dominant contribution to the magnetic noise at low temperatures comes from longitudinal current fluctuations, allowing us to probe collective modes such as monolayer plasmons and bilayer Josephson plasmons. Additionally, we can characterize the noise due to spin fluctuations to probe the spin structure of the pairing wave function. Our results provide a noninvasive approach to studying the rich physics of two-dimensional superconductors.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shubhayu Chatterjee, Pavel E. Dolgirev, Ilya Esterlis, Alexander A. Zibrov, Mikhail D. Lukin, Norman Y. Yao, Eugene Demler
Summary: This paper investigates the relationship between a single-spin qubit placed near the surface of a conductor and the magnetic noise created by electric current fluctuations in the material. The technique is analyzed as a wireless probe of superconductivity in atomically thin two-dimensional materials. The noise scaling with temperature allows for the detection of metal-to-superconductor transitions and investigation of the symmetry of the superconducting gap function. The noise scaling with sample-probe distance provides insights into the nonlocal quasistatic conductivity of superconductors.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
