Review
Cell Biology
Kenta Mosallanejad, Jonathan C. Kagan
Summary: cGAS is a protein found in mammalian cells that plays a role in defending against infection and other threats to the host. It detects the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm, which is not normal in healthy cells, and synthesizes cGAMP, activating the protein STING and leading to immune responses. Further research is needed to understand how cGAS functions within cells and how it distinguishes self and non-self DNA.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ibrahim M. Sayed, Stella-Rita Ibeawuchi, Dominique Lie, Mahitha Shree Anandachar, Rama Pranadinata, Manuela Raffatellu, Soumita Das
Summary: The host engulfment protein ELMO1 interacts with WxxxE effectors like SifA, influencing intestinal inflammation and bacterial pathogenicity. The ELMO1-WxxxE effector interaction plays a crucial role in regulating bacterial colonization, dissemination, and induction of inflammatory cytokines. It has been found that the interaction between ELMO1 and WxxxE motif-containing effectors, such as SifA, not only affects the pathogenicity of enteric pathogens but also plays a role in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular activities.
Review
Immunology
Zhijie Jian, Rui Ma, Ling Zhu, Huidan Deng, Fengqin Li, Jun Zhao, Lishuang Deng, Siyuan Lai, Xiangang Sun, Huaqiao Tang, Zhiwen Xu
Summary: This article reviews the strategies used by Arteriviruses to antagonize IFN production and thwart IFN-activated antiviral signaling, emphasizing the significance of this research in understanding the pathogenesis of arthritis virus and developing vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ricardo Cardoso Castro, Relber Aguiar Goncales, Fabiana Albani Zambuzi, Fabiani Gai Frantz
Summary: The Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses during infections, influencing cell fate, hematopoiesis, tissue self-renewal, and immune system function. Establishing an approach based on this pathway can help predict the outcomes of infectious diseases.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoxia Tian, Kathleen Nanding, Xueyao Dai, Qian Wang, Junyu Wang, Morigen, Lifei Fan
Summary: Small GTPases, such as Rif, play critical roles in regulating cell morphology, movement, and adhesion. This study reveals that Rif is necessary for NF-kappa B activation in primary immune cells, and its absence impairs immune responses and reduces inflammation. Additionally, Rif is involved in TLR signaling and is activated by Src tyrosine kinases in bacterial and viral immune responses.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hella Pasmans, Magdalena A. Berkowska, Annieck M. Diks, Bas de Mooij, Rick J. Groenland, Lia de Rond, M. Alina Nicolaie, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Fiona R. M. van der Klis, Anne-Marie Buisman
Summary: A study comparing immune responses in women vaccinated with bivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccines found consistent expansion of plasma cells and monocytes, but varied responses in other immune cells. Antibody levels and memory B and T-cell responses also differed between the two vaccine groups.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mingzhi Li, Xiaojun Huang, Jiajia Wen, Shikang Chen, Xincheng Wu, Wanning Ma, Steve W. Cui, Mingyong Xie, Shaoping Nie
Summary: This study investigates the law and mechanism of the interaction between polysaccharides and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The results reveal that activation of TLR4 signal transduction by glucomannans requires the involvement of TLR4, MD2, and CD14. The recognition of glucomannans by PRRs involves non-covalent interactions between multiple receptors, triggering complex signal cascades. This study provides important insights into the functioning of the immune system.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Carlos J. M. Silva, Sonia Beleza, Diana Campos, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Ana L. Patricio Silva, Joao L. T. Pestana, Carlos Gravato
Summary: This study found that ingestion of polyethylene microplastics by Chironomus riparius larvae triggered a significant increase in basal PO activity at concentrations of 5 and 20 g PE-MPs kg-1, by 26% and 29% respectively, while total PO increased significantly by 48%, indicating de novo synthesis of proPO by organisms. The activation of the immune response is likely linked to damage in the epithelial cells of the gut lumen.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chen-Yang Liao, Cao-Qi Lei, Hong-Bing Shu
Summary: PCBP1 is an important factor in promoting cGAS activation and binding to viral DNA. Deficiency of PCBP1 can inhibit the innate immune response triggered by cytosolic DNA and DNA viruses.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jack Chun-Chieh Hsu, Maudry Laurent-Rolle, Joanna B. Pawlak, Craig B. Wilen, Peter Cresswell
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 shuts down host innate immune responses through the translation inhibition activity of NSP14, revealing insights into the pathogenesis of the virus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Margaux Vienne, Marion Etiennot, Bertrand Escaliere, Justine Galluso, Lionel Spinelli, Sophie Guia, Aurore Fenis, Eric Vivier, Yann M. Kerdiles
Summary: NK cells are known to have cytotoxic effects on tumor cell lines, but their specific roles in primary tumor detection and elimination remain unclear. ILC1 play an active role in inhibiting the antitumoral immune response, suggesting the need to evaluate the tumor infiltration of ILC1 and NK cells to optimize immune harnessing in cancer therapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xing Du, Yunsheng Ou, Muzi Zhang, Kai Li, Wei Huang, Dianming Jiang
Summary: This study found that the mevalonate pathway promotes osteosarcoma metastasis by regulating YAP1 activity, and inhibiting this pathway may be an effective strategy for treating osteosarcoma metastasis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahisa Kouwaki, Tasuku Nishimura, Guanming Wang, Reiko Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Oshiumi
Summary: Post-translational modification of LGP2 fine-tunes antiviral innate immune responses by promoting late-phase expression of type I interferons, while attenuating other antiviral proteins.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Cristina Valeria Bulgaru, Daniela Eliza Marin, Gina Cecilia Pistol, Ionelia Taranu
Summary: ZEA is an estrogenic fusariotoxin that affects reproductive health and immune response. It can cause reproductive disorders and impact immune response, with studies showing effects on different types of immune cells and immune organs. Despite the increasing research on the mechanisms of ZEA in modulating immune response, data are currently insufficient and further investigation is needed.
Article
Fisheries
Liyuan Yang, Weiwei Zheng, Xing Lv, Shiying Xin, Yuena Sun, Tianjun Xu
Summary: In this study, miR-144 was investigated as a regulator of I kappa B alpha, promoting the activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. The findings suggest that miR-144 can promote p65 activation by inhibiting I kappa B alpha, thus affecting the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Maxwell R. Mumbach, Jeffrey M. Granja, Ryan A. Flynn, Caitlin M. Roake, Ansuman T. Satpathy, Adam J. Rubin, Yanyan Qi, Zhaozhao Jiang, Shadi Shams, Bryan H. Louie, Jimmy K. Guo, David G. Gennert, M. Ryan Corces, Paul A. Khavari, Maninjay K. Atianand, Steven E. Artandi, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, William J. Greenleaf, Howard Y. Chang
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mona Motwani, Sudesh Pawaria, Jennifer Bernier, Stephanie Moses, Kate Henry, Terry Fang, Linda Burkly, Ann Marshak-Rothstein, Katherine A. Fitzgerald
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Letter
Oncology
Christin Karlsson, Murali K. Akula, Anna Staffas, Jaroslaw Cisowski, Volkan Sayin, Mohamed X. Ibrahim, Per Lindahl, Martin O. Bergo
News Item
Genetics & Heredity
Fiachra Humphries, Katherine A. Fitzgerald
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shiuli Agarwal, Tim Vierbuchen, Sreya Ghosh, Jennie Chan, Zhaozhao Jiang, Richard K. Kandasamy, Emiliano Ricci, Katherine A. Fitzgerald
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natalia Jaeger, Ramya Gamini, Marina Cella, Jorge L. Schettini, Mattia Bugatti, Shanrong Zhao, Charles V. Rosadini, Ekaterina Esaulova, Blanda Di Luccia, Baylee Kinnett, William Vermi, Maxim N. Artyomov, Thomas A. Wynn, Ramnik J. Xavier, Scott A. Jelinsky, Marco Colonna
Summary: Crohn's disease is a chronic transmural inflammation in the gut caused by dysregulated interaction between microbiome and gut immune system. Studies have shown that T cells from intestinal epithelium and lamina propria in CD patients exhibit unique subsets and altered phenotypes during inflammation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Susan MacLauchlan, Katherine A. Fitzgerald, Ellen M. Gravallese
Summary: Evidence has shown that DNA plays a unique role in distinguishing between endogenous and foreign DNA, posing a challenge in disease discrimination. Autoinflammatory diseases resulting from gene mutations or DNA sensing pathway activation provide insight into the role of DNA in inflammation. This review discusses the current understanding of intracellular DNA sensing and its relevance to various diseases, as well as the development of therapies targeting these pathways.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kendi Okuda, Miriam Maria Silva Costa Franco, Ari Yasunaga, Ricardo Gazzinelli, Michel Rabinovitch, Sara Cherry, Neal Silverman
Summary: Leishmania parasites utilize virulence mechanisms to invade and replicate in macrophages, inhibiting host defenses and altering gene expression to enhance their survival and replication.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Scott A. Jelinsky, Merel Derksen, Eric Bauman, Carla S. Verissimo, Wies T. M. van Dooremalen, Jamie Lee Roos, Celia Higuera Baron, Celia Caballero-Franco, Bryce G. Johnson, Michelle G. Rooks, Johanna Pott, Bas Oldenburg, Robert G. J. Vries, Sylvia F. Boj, Marion T. Kasaian, Farzin Pourfarzad, Charles Rosadini
Summary: In this study, the researchers analyzed molecular and cellular features of various intestinal organoid models and found differences in differentiation and functional characterization between control and IBD patient-derived samples. They also demonstrated the establishment of a functional epithelial barrier in these models. These findings support the potential use of patient-derived organoids for the development of targeted therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lu Wang, Lauren Tracy, Weijia Su, Fu Yang, Yu Feng, Neal Silverman, Z. Z. Zhao Zhang
Summary: Activation of mdg4 retrotransposons during Drosophila metamorphosis can educate the host's innate immune system and provide long-term protection against viral infections.
Review
Cell Biology
John S. S. Mattick, Paulo P. P. Amaral, Piero Carninci, Susan Carpenter, Howard Y. Y. Chang, Ling-Ling Chen, Runsheng Chen, Caroline Dean, Marcel E. E. Dinger, Katherine A. A. Fitzgerald, Thomas R. R. Gingeras, Mitchell Guttman, Tetsuro Hirose, Maite Huarte, Rory Johnson, Chandrasekhar Kanduri, Philipp Kapranov, Jeanne B. B. Lawrence, Jeannie T. T. Lee, Joshua T. T. Mendell, Timothy R. R. Mercer, Kathryn J. J. Moore, Shinichi Nakagawa, John L. L. Rinn, David L. L. Spector, Igor Ulitsky, Yue Wan, Jeremy E. E. Wilusz, Mian Wu
Summary: Genes encoding lncRNAs are abundant in complex organisms and are transcribed by RNA polymerase I, II, and III, as well as processed introns. The classification and annotation of lncRNAs are challenging due to their various functions, isoforms, and interactions with other genes. These lncRNAs evolve rapidly, are cell type-specific, and regulate multiple cellular processes, including gene expression and translation control.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Michelle A. Kelliher, Katherine A. Fitzgerald
Summary: Resistance mechanisms have hindered the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapies, but inhibition of TBK1 can restore their efficacy by sensitizing tumors to RIPK1 kinase-dependent cell death.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Kevin MingJie Gao, Katherine A. Fitzgerald
Summary: Endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation of the adaptor STING by SEL1L-HRD1 regulates steady-state STING levels to limit STING-driven inflammation, according to the study by Jie et al.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Jonathan J. J. Miner, Katherine A. A. Fitzgerald
Summary: Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the field of genetics and has allowed for the discovery of rare autoinflammatory diseases and their corresponding mutations. This has opened up opportunities for personalized medicine and has shed light on more common forms of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The rapid and cost-effective sequencing of individual genomes is changing the practice of rheumatology.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ravi Bharadwaj, Madison V. Anonick, Swati Jaiswal, Siavash Mashayekh, Ashley Brown, Kimberly A. Wodzanowski, Kendi Okuda, Neal Silverman, Catherine L. Grimes
Summary: NOD1 and NOD2 innate immune sensing is a critical host response, but the subcellular trafficking and transport mechanisms by which muropeptides access these cytosolic innate immune receptors are not well understood. This study synthesized and validated alkyne-modified muropeptides for use in click-chemistry reactions, providing valuable tools to decipher the underlying cell biology and biochemistry of NOD1 and NOD2 innate immune sensing.