Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Sylvain Audibert, Evi Soutoglou
Summary: The nuclear envelope plays a role in regulating DNA repair by employing a nuclear envelope-localized nuclease, NUMEN/ENDOD1. This nuclease inhibits DNA end resection and aberrant recombination, thus guiding the choice of DNA repair pathway and ensuring genome stability.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Allison P. Siegenfeld, Shelby A. Roseman, Heejin Roh, Nicholas Z. Lue, Corin C. Wagen, Eric Zhou, Sarah E. Johnstone, Martin J. Aryee, Brian B. Liau
Summary: The authors developed a new method, LIMe-Hi-C, to simultaneously measure chromosome conformation, DNA methylation, and nuclear lamina positioning. They found that H3K27me3 plays an essential role in sub-compartment segregation and lamina association. Inhibition of PRC2 promotes lamina association and constitutive heterochromatin spreading into H3K27me3-marked regions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bianca Striednig, Ulrike Lanner, Selina Niggli, Ana Katic, Simone Vormittag, Sabrina Brulisauer, Ramon Hochstrasser, Andres Kaech, Amanda Welin, Antje Flieger, Urs Ziegler, Alexander Schmidt, Hubert Hilbi, Nicolas Personnic
Summary: Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, replicates in a distinct compartment within amoebae and macrophages. The pathogen switches between replicative, non-virulent and non-replicating, virulent/transmissive phases. Individual motile and virulent L. pneumophila cells emerge in the cluster of non-growing bacteria within the Legionella-containing vacuole at late stages of infection, with distinct proteomes and phenotypic heterogeneity. The emergence and spreading of a subpopulation of transmissive L. pneumophila at the LCV periphery at the end of an infection cycle are regulated by the Legionella quorum sensing system.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tobias Jerabek, Florian Klingler, Nadja Raab, Nikolas Zeh, Jens Pfannstiel, Kerstin Otte
Summary: The production of biopharmaceuticals relies on robust cell systems, such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), that can produce proteins at high levels and survive in stressful environments. The study conducted pathway enrichment analysis of the CHO surfaceome and observed enrichment of growth/survival pathways, providing novel insights into how cell surface receptors and ligand-mediated signaling enable cells to grow and survive in a bioprocess environment. This research can serve as a foundation for future studies and optimization strategies to enhance cellular growth and survival.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Atash Gurbanov, Maxim L. Kuznetsov, Giuseppe Resnati, Kamran T. Mahmudov, Armando J. L. Pombeiro
Summary: Ligands with intramolecular RAHB and RAChB were used to form Cu(II), Ag(I), and Cd(II) metal complexes. Despite not directly involving these interactions, both interactions underwent significant changes upon ligand binding to the metal.
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
A. A. Syssoev, D. I. Iudin
Summary: This study proposes a new mechanism based on the ionization and electron drifting processes at the negative corona streamer burst boundary to explain the formation of space stem precursors. Under the influence of strongly inhomogeneous stochastic electric field, electric field fluctuations formed by clusters of negative charge are transported into the negative corona volume to complete the formation process of space stems.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Zahra Hussain, Paul V. McGraw
Summary: This study investigated the effects of stimulus separation and eccentricity on positional judgments in patients with strabismic amblyopia. Results showed that strabismic amblyopes had higher spread and bias at small separations, with the largest difference in performance between groups observed at the smallest separation.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bohong Chen, Tianyu Ge, Meiqi Jian, Liutao Chen, Zhengwen Fang, Zibin He, Chengjing Huang, Yan An, Shanshan Yin, Yuanyuan Xiong, JingKai Zhang, Ruofei Li, Miaoman Ye, Yubing Li, Feng Liu, Wenbing Ma, Zhou Songyang
Summary: Through a genome-wide CRISPR synthetic viability screen for PARP-inhibitor resistance, Chen and Ge et al. identified a transmembrane nuclease (NUMEN) that facilitates compartmentalized and non-homologous end joining-dependent repair of double-stranded DNA breaks at the nuclear periphery. NUMEN generates short 5' overhangs through its endonuclease and 3'->5' exonuclease activities, promotes the repair of DNA lesions-including heterochromatic lamina-associated domain breaks as well as deprotected telomeres-and functions as a downstream effector of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. These findings highlight the role of NUMEN in DNA repair pathway choice and genome-stability maintenance, with implications for research on genome instability disorders.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Gaurav Singh, Morgane Batzenschlager, Denisa Tomkova, Etienne Herzog, Elise Hoffmann, Guy Houlne, Anne-Catherine Schmit, Alexandre Berr, Marie-Edith Chaboute
Summary: This study investigates the role of inner nuclear membrane proteins and nuclear pore-associated components in maintaining genetic stability in plants. The gamma-tubulin complex component 3-interacting protein (gip1gip2) double mutants with defective nuclear shaping were used as a model. The results show that GIP1 and GIP2 play redundant roles in maintaining genome stability, with defects in these proteins leading to constitutive DNA damage and activation of the DNA damage response. Furthermore, the expression of GIP1-GFP in the mutants rescues the cellular response to DNA damage and promotes the colocalization of RAD51 and gamma-H2AX foci, suggesting the involvement of GIPs in the spatio-temporal recruitment of RAD51 at the nuclear periphery.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Nicholas Marano, James M. Holaska
Summary: This study found that the functional interaction between emerin and HDAC3, EZH2, and G9a is crucial for myogenic differentiation. By using emerin mutant cell lines and small molecule inhibitors, the researchers discovered that these interactions play a regulatory role in the process of muscle differentiation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaojun Yin, Nannan Sun, Ting Sun, Hongguang Shen, Roopesh Kumar Mehra, Junlong Liu, Ying Wang, Bo Yang, Ke Zeng
Summary: This study investigated the impact of a high energy ignition system on SI engines, which improved fuel economy and shortened ignition delay and flame propagation period at high EGR rates. It was found that NOx emissions were more sensitive to spark discharge energy than HC and CO emissions, with a 26.9% increase in NOx emissions as spark discharge energy increased.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Margaux L. C. Depaermentier, Ben Krause-Kyora, Irka Hajdas, Michael Kempf, Thomas Kuhn, Norbert Spichtig, Peter-Andrew Schwarz, Claudia Gerling
Summary: The multi-isotope and aDNA analyses of the Basel-Waisenhaus burial community in Switzerland suggest that the burial ground was occupied by a local family around AD 400, contradicting previous assumptions of immigrant Alamans. This finding supports the idea of long-lasting occupation at the Roman periphery in the Upper and High Rhine region, rather than a replacement by immigrated populations.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Wei Wang, Christopher Spencer, Manoj K. Pandit, Yuan-Bao Wu, Jun-Hong Zhao, Jian-Ping Zheng, Xiao-Ping Xia, Gui-Mei Lu
Summary: River sand detrital zircons from the Peninsular Indian cratons were analyzed for their U-Pb, Lu-Hf, and O isotopes to understand the crustal evolution of the Indian Shield and its role in supercontinent cycles. The zircon samples exhibit distinct age peaks and isotopic compositions, indicating a discrete evolutionary history for the Indian Shield. The study suggests that the Indian Shield occupied a peripheral paleo-position during the assembly of Precambrian supercontinents, and experienced collision events and subduction systems. The analysis also reveals variations in isotopic signatures and oxygenation levels, suggesting changes in sedimentary reservoirs and the role of continental crust addition during the supercontinent cycle.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Virology
Tristan R. Grams, Terri G. Edwards, David C. Bloom
Summary: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) utilizes a long noncoding RNA called the latency-associated transcript (LAT) to silence the virus in neurons. This study demonstrates that LAT binds both the cellular transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43) and HSV-1 genomes in human neurons, resulting in the localization of the viral genomes to the nuclear periphery and repression of viral transcription. Additionally, TMEM43 appears to play a similar role in regulating cellular genes.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Liliana Gil
Summary: Based on ethnographic research of a public laboratory of digital fabrication in Brazil, this article challenges the hegemonic understandings of innovation and calls for more attention to overlooked tech practices in order to imagine fairer and more solidary forms of innovation.
AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST
(2022)