Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jeremy J. Baumberg
Summary: This article introduces the discovery and significance of sub-nanometer-scale optical cavities. We develop simple models for these picocavities and discuss what is known and unknown in this field, as well as the challenges faced in developing comprehensive theories. We also provide simple analytic expressions for key properties and discuss the importance of picocavities in various applications.
Article
Oncology
Ketevan Ghambashidze, Ramaz Chikhladze, Tamar Saladze, P. Jack Hoopes, Fridon Shubitidze
Summary: The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a significant impact on cancer development and metastasis. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of modifying the TME using E. coli phagelysate (EcPHL) to enhance the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (mNP) by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yong Zhao, Yingqiang Wang, Fei He, Zhonghua Yao, Zhaojin Rong, Yong Wei
Summary: The telescope pointing model is crucial for characterizing and correcting inaccuracies in pointing accuracy. It employs mathematical models to understand discrepancies at different positions and orientations. A simplified pointing model was developed and validated on the PAST telescope, showing azimuth and altitude axis errors of 6.8 arcs and 3.8 arcs, respectively, using two-dimensional surface fitting method.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biology
Melissa Berthet, Camille Coye, Guillaume Dezecache, Jeremy Kuhn
Summary: This article discusses the linguistic capacities and communication research in animals, introduces the concepts and methods of animal linguistics, and proposes criteria to determine whether animals have linguistic capacities.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
M. Schneider, K. Kremmer, W. Fuerbeth, S. Lederer, R. Sottor
Summary: This study investigates the incorporation of nanosized ceramic particles (sepiolite) into the oxide layer of magnesium alloy AZ31 through plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The sepiolite particles have a true surface area of 300 m2 g-1 and remain electrostatically stable in the electrolyte for at least 27 days. Using a current controlled pulse regime, the particles are incorporated into the oxide layer through electrophoresis. The deposited sepiolite particles are fixed through sintering caused by the heat development of plasma discharge events.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Kilian E. Salerno, Soumyajit Roy, Cathy Ribaudo, Teresa Fisher, Ravi B. Patel, Esther Mena, Freddy E. Escorcia
Summary: The article aims to provide an introduction to radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) for radiation oncologists based in the United States. It defines RPT, reviews data on its current and anticipated indications, and discusses regulatory considerations for incorporating it into clinical practice. RPT allows radiation oncologists to utilize their expertise in therapeutic radiation therapy and oncology in collaboration with nuclear medicine and medical oncology colleagues. While not every radiation oncologist will use RPT in their day-to-day practice, understanding its role and appropriate use in select patients is important.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Peter Zeidman, Karl Friston, Thomas Parr
Summary: This article introduces an approximate Bayesian inference scheme called Variational Laplace (VL), which has been widely used in neuroimaging studies for the past 15 years. VL offers a generic method for fitting linear or non-linear models and enables Bayesian model comparison. The article provides code examples and detailed pseudocode, making it accessible to experimenters and modellers without previous experience in variational Bayes or machine learning.
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Alexander Derry, Martin Krzywinski, Naomi Altman
Summary: Nature is usually concealed, occasionally conquered, rarely eradicated.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristine Korzow Richter, Maria C. Codlin, Melina Seabrook, Christina Warinner
Summary: Collagen peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF-MS, also known as ZooMS, is a rapidly growing analytical technique in the fields of archaeology, ecology, and cultural heritage. It enables rapid taxonomic identification of large bone assemblages and cultural heritage objects. However, there are limitations that need to be addressed for future advancements.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Erik D. Fagerholm, Zalina Dezhina, Rosalyn J. Moran, Federico E. Turkheimer, Robert Leech
Summary: Entropy is a property of both a system and an observer, measuring the hidden information in a system due to the observer's limitations. This article provides a theory of entropy based on statistical mechanics and toy models of neural systems. It explains the distinction between micro and macrostates, the characteristics of entropy for capturing hidden information, and the mathematical form of entropy derived from arrangements of discrete-state neurons. The article also discusses the increase in entropy over time in neural systems due to limitations in neuroimaging resolution. It aims to support using entropy as a method for characterizing neuroimaging timeseries and making inferences about brain states.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Camillo Padoa-Schioppa
Summary: Logistic regressions, originally developed in economics, have become important in decision neuroscience. They can be used to quantify various behavioral traits, such as relative subjective value, choice accuracy, risk attitudes, and choice biases. More complex logistic models can handle choices between multiple options and nonlinear value functions. Additionally, logistic models offer a valid alternative to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses for quantifying the explanatory power of neuronal activity on choices.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prashant Chauhan, Arathi Nair, Ashok Patidar, Jagneshwar Dandapat, Arup Sarkar, Bhaskar Saha
Summary: Cytokines are pleiotropic polypeptides that play a crucial role in controlling the development and responses of immune cells. Their classification is based on target receptors, structural features of receptors, and receptor composition. Imbalance among cytokines can lead to complex networks affecting homeostasis and diseases.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucas P. Carlstrom, Ahmed Eltanahy, Avital Perry, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Benjamin D. Elder, Jonathan M. Morris, Fredric B. Meyer, Christopher S. Graffeo, Iben Lundgaard, Terry C. Burns
Summary: The complex and dynamic system of fluid flow through the perivascular and interstitial spaces of the central nervous system (CNS) has implications for various neurological diseases. The glymphatic system, supported by astrocytes, plays a crucial role in directing extracellular fluid and removing waste products in order to optimize neurological function. Dysfunction in this system has been linked to CNS aging, neurodegenerative diseases, CNS injuries, and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Understanding the pathophysiology of glymphatics could lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peter Kedron, Sarah Bardin, Tyler D. Hoffman, Mehak Sachdeva, Matthew Quick, Joseph Holler
Summary: This research replicates a study conducted in New York City by DiMaggio et al. (2020) to investigate the associations between positive COVID-19 tests and demographic, socioeconomic, and racial characteristics. The study found that the proportion of Hispanic residents is a key predictor of positive COVID-19 testing in Phoenix, Arizona.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Zancla, Pamela Mozetic, Monica Orsini, Giancarlo Forte, Alberto Rainer
Summary: TFM is a versatile technique used for measuring single-cell-generated forces, but issues with data analysis may limit its wider adoption. This review summarizes the latest advances in TFM research, emphasizing the importance of data analysis and providing a list of free data analytics tools.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)