Article
Behavioral Sciences
Carolien Torenvliet, Annabeth P. Groenman, Tulsi A. Radhoe, Joost A. Agelink van Rentergem, Wikke J. Van Der Putten, Hilde M. Geurts
Summary: The study replicated difficulties in Theory of Mind and verbal fluency in adults with autism, indicating that these challenges persist with age. Additionally, the research found that cognitive aging patterns in autistic adults parallel those in non-autistic adults, with no evidence of protective effects against cognitive decline in autism.
Article
Neurosciences
Georgette Argiris, Yaakov Stern, Christian Habeck
Summary: This study used task-based fMRI to investigate changes in activation and behavior across the lifespan in a cohort. Results revealed differences between cross-sectional and longitudinal measurements in various domains and age brackets, with processing speed showing the steepest declines and increased activation observed in posterior regions in the old age bracket. The findings emphasize the importance of focusing on longitudinal measurements of age-related changes, which differ significantly from cross-sectional approximations.
Article
Pediatrics
Sergio Serrada-Tejeda, Maria-Luz Cuadrado, Rosa Ma Martinez-Piedrola, Nuria Maximo-Bocanegra, Patricia Sanchez-Herrera-Baeza, Lucia Rocio Camacho-Montano, Marta Perez-de-Heredia-Torres
Summary: This study aims to expand and provide a detailed definition of the sensory profile of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) and examine its relationship with adaptive behavior. The findings show that almost 75% of PMS patients have an atypical sensory profile, which is correlated with limitations in general adaptive behaviors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Masahide Yagi, Masashi Taniguchi, Hiroshige Tateuchi, Tetsuya Hirono, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Momoko Yamagata, Ryusuke Nakai, Yosuke Yamada, Misaka Kimura, Noriaki Ichihashi
Summary: This study used MRI to investigate the iliocapsularis muscle (IC) in healthy individuals and found that it could be identified in 85% to 95% of people. The study also revealed that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the IC is only associated with sex and not age. However, the CSA of other lower-limb muscles was found to be associated with both sex and age.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tobias Braun, Johanna M. Doerr, Laura Peters, Maxime Viard, Iris Reuter, Mario Prosiegel, Susanne Weber, Mesut Yeniguen, Marlene Tschernatsch, Tibo Gerriets, Martin Juenemann, Hagen B. Huttner, Samra Hamzic
Summary: Oropharyngeal sensitivity plays a vital role in the swallowing reflex, and both taste and smell functions tend to decline with age. The aim of this study was to provide oral sensitivity data in healthy participants for future studies and analyze the age-related changes and their interdependence. The results showed a decline in oral sensitivity, taste, and smell in older adults compared to younger participants.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Bjorn Herrmann, Burkhard Maess, Molly J. Henry, Jonas Obleser, Ingrid S. Johnsrude
Summary: Listening in everyday life requires the dynamic deployment of attention in order to conserve mental resources, especially for older adults. This study used electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography to investigate the neural and behavioral mechanics of attention regulation during listening and how aging affects these processes. The results showed that younger and older adults employ different neural control strategies to regulate attention in time under listening challenges, with a notable difference in the sources of alpha activity between age groups.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Christopher J. Davis, Eric D. Musselman, Warren M. Grill, Nicole A. Pelot
Summary: This study used computational models to uncover the mechanisms behind the higher activation thresholds in larger fascicles in nerve stimulation therapies. The results showed that the increase in perineurium thickness, fiber diameter, and endoneurial diameter contributed to higher activation thresholds. Additionally, the size of neighboring fascicles and the fiber diameter had the greatest impact on activation thresholds.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sendy Caffarra, Mikel Lizarazu, Nicola Molinaro, Manuel Carreiras
Summary: Longitudinal and cross-sectional MEG studies show that children gradually establish audiovisual correspondences between letters and speech sounds while learning to read, indicating reading-specific brain plasticity and recruitment of pre-existing brain circuits for audiovisual analysis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Zoology
William D. Hopkins, Mary C. Mareno, Sarah J. Neal Webb, Steven J. Schapiro, Mary A. Raghanti, Chet C. Sherwood
Summary: Research on 213 captive chimpanzees revealed that chimpanzees show age-related decline in cognition, with younger and older individuals performing more poorly than middle-aged ones. The oldest chimpanzees at the time of the first test showed the greatest decline in cognition, although the effect was mild. Further investigation into whether the observed cognitive decline is associated with Alzheimer's disease pathologies in chimpanzees would be valuable in understanding the comparative biology of aging and neuropathology in primates.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Mohamed A. Abdel Ghafar, Osama R. Abdelraouf, Abdelgalil A. Abdelgalil, Mohamed K. Seyam, Rafik E. Radwan, Amira E. El-Bagalaty
Summary: This study aimed to investigate sensory integration and balance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study found that ASD children showed increased postural sway under all tested conditions, especially when visual and somatosensory inputs were disrupted.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Marco Tofani, Lucia Scarcella, Giovanni Galeoto, Federica Giovannone, Carla Sogos
Summary: There is increasing literature suggesting that the presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may vary depending on the sex of the patient. A study analyzing the results of Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R) in a group of 56 preschool children diagnosed with ASD found significant differences between genders in restricted and repetitive behavior.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Yajing Sun, Xue Li, Lingzi Xu, Zenghui Ma, Yulu Yang, Tingni Yin, Zilin Gao, Xiaoyun Gong, Lei Li, Qinyi Liu, Xinzhou Tang, Jing Liu
Summary: Adolescents with autism exhibit more health-related risky behaviors compared to neurotypical adolescents, with factors such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, low IQ score, low ToM test score, increasing age, and communication disorder identified as risk factors for these behaviors. It is important to pay attention to the emotional state, self-esteem, cognitive function, and communication levels of autistic adolescents with health-related risky behaviors.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rebecca J. Levy, Katherine W. Timothy, Jack F. G. Underwood, Jeremy Hall, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Sergiu P. Pasca
Summary: Mutations in CACNA1C gene can cause both central nervous system and cardiac disorders, manifesting as developmental delay, incoordination, hypotonia, autism spectrum disorder, and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. These findings suggest the crucial role of calcium channels in neural development and emphasize the importance of screening and treating these symptoms.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ting-Ting Liu, Shao-Jie Pang, Shan-Shan Jia, Qing-Qing Man, Yu-Qian Li, Shuang Song, Jian Zhang
Summary: Phospholipids play a crucial role in age-related cognitive impairment, with specific changes in plasma phospholipid species showing significant associations with MoCA scores. Reduced levels of certain phospholipids containing LC-PUFA and increased levels of LPLs are strongly linked to cognitive decline, while variations in plasma PC, PS, and SM levels accompanying cognitive decline may be attributed to changes in lipidemia and inflammatory levels.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Federico Abate Daga, Marco Panzolini, Ruben Allois, Luca Baseggio, Samuel Agostino
Summary: This study investigated hamstring flexibility among prepubertal soccer players and found that older and more experienced players are less flexible than younger players. It suggests including appropriate stretching protocols in prepubertal soccer training to prevent excessive hamstring tightness.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)