Article
Oncology
Yen-Yun Wang, Amos C. Hung, Steven Lo, Ya-Ching Hsieh, Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
Summary: MRE11 plays a crucial role in DNA damage response and its expression in cancer cells is linked to radioresistance, making it a potential marker for radiosensitization strategies. Elevated MRE11 in tumor tissues has been associated with poor survival in radiotherapy patients, although recent findings of ionizing radiation-induced truncation of MRE11 may explain some conflicting observations. Advancements in understanding the biological modulation of MRE11 expression and the potential application of inhibitors for enhancing radiosensitivity are discussed, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between nuclease and non-nuclease activities of MRE11 in cancer cells treated with ionizing radiation.
Article
Cell Biology
Halil Ibrahim Toy, Gokhan Karakulah, Panagiota I. Kontou, Hani Alotaibi, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, Athanasia Pavlopoulou
Summary: Radioresistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment, and understanding the genes related to cancer cell radioresistance could be beneficial for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Through a bioinformatics approach, 36 potential biomarkers were identified, primarily involved in DNA damage repair, oxidative stress, cell pro-survival, and apoptotic pathways, with potential applications in enhancing cancer cell susceptibility to radiation therapy in laboratory and clinical settings.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Elena Di Nisio, Giuseppe Lupo, Valerio Licursi, Rodolfo Negri
Summary: This review article explores the role of histone lysine methylation changes in regulating the response to radiation-induced genotoxic damage in mammalian cells. It also discusses the effects of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) on radio-sensitivity of different cell lines, and provides a bioinformatic analysis of mRNA levels of known HMTs and HDMs under different irradiation conditions.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jessica Honorato Ribeiro, Nazlican Altinisik, Nicholas Rajan, Mieke Verslegers, Sarah Baatout, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Roel Quintens
Summary: DNA-damaging agents and endogenous DNA damage continuously threaten genome integrity. The DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms play a crucial role in repairing lesions and preventing mutations, especially in brain development. Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to neurological disorders such as microcephaly. Genetic mutations, exposure to ionizing radiation, and intrauterine infections can cause microcephaly by impairing DNA repair pathways. This review discusses the importance of DDR in normal brain development and the mechanisms and exposures that can result in microcephaly.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankang Hu, Wanyi Zhou, Zhen Wu, Hui Zhang, Junli Li, Rui Qiu
Summary: Repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation is essential for cell response, and the kinetics of repair greatly influences the cell fate and biological effects. In this study, a new repair module and a p53 system model were introduced to simulate the influences of different LET radiations on the cell response. It was found that the kinetics of double-strand break (DSB) repair plays a crucial role in determining the cell fate, with a large number of DSBs and slow repair process leading to severe biological consequences.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhangjian Chen, Shuo Han, Jiahe Zhang, Pai Zheng, Xiaodong Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Guang Jia
Summary: This study identified potential biomarkers of occupational exposure to low concentrations of TiO2 NPs in urine samples of workers through metabolomics analysis. A total of 1760 differentially expressed metabolites were found, with 60 confirmed as potential biomarkers. Among these biomarkers, 10 showed good sensitivity and specificity, including compounds like dibenzyl ether and quassimarin. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant alterations in the metabolic pathway related to long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency. These findings provide insights into early health effects of TiO2 NPs exposure.
Article
Cell Biology
Huaping Xiao, Fanghua Li, Emil Mladenov, Aashish Soni, Veronika Mladenova, Bing Pan, Rositsa Dueva, Martin Stuschke, Beate Timmermann, George Iliakis
Summary: The load of DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation plays a key role in determining the repair pathway choice in higher eukaryotes. The integration of DNA-PKcs into resection regulation suggests a mechanism adaptively facilitating resection. Mutations in DNA-PKcs result in hyper-resection, ruling out the competition between c-NHEJ and HR as the cause of increased resection.
Article
Oncology
Jae Hee Lee, Byeongwook Jeon, Mijeong Park, Jimin Ha, Soo Jung Kim, Mi Kwon Son, Seungho Wang, Joo Han Lee, Youn Kyoung Jeong
Summary: The study showed that BR101801, a DNA-PK inhibitor, can effectively enhance genomic instability induced by ionizing radiation and increase sensitivity in human solid cancer cells through multiple pathways. It affects factors in both the non-homologous end-joining repair pathway and homologous recombination.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Akram Hamidi, Alexandra Wolf, Rositsa Dueva, Melanie Kaufmann, Kirsten Goepelt, George Iliakis, Eric Metzen
Summary: This study established an in vitro model of murine hepatocyte derived cells and analyzed the role of HIF-1 alpha in apoptosis induction, DNA damage repair, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The results showed that HIF-1 alpha deficiency increased radiation sensitivity and affected DNA repair.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hyunju Kim, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Kari E. Wong, Lawrence J. Appel, Josef Coresh, Casey M. Rebholz
Summary: The study investigates the similarity of urine metabolomic markers of the DASH diet and found that 9 out of 10 predictive metabolites of the DASH-high sodium and DASH-low sodium diets are identical. Most candidate biomarkers from the DASH trial replicated in urine, including N-methylproline, chiro-inositol, stachydrine, and theobromine. Replicated influential metabolites are likely to be objective biomarkers of the DASH diet.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neslihan Sarigul, Leyla Bozatli, Ilhan Kurultak, Filiz Korkmaz
Summary: This study investigates the diagnostic potential of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The results show differences in urine components between children with ASD and typically developing children, suggesting that ATR-FTIR can serve as a practical method for screening ASD.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Torin P. Thielhelm, Stefania Goncalves, Scott M. Welford, Eric A. Mellon, Erin R. Cohen, Aida Nourbakhsh, Cristina Fernandez-Valle, Fred Telischi, Michael E. Ivan, Christine T. Dinh
Summary: Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are tumors that originate from Schwann cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve, causing hearing loss and dizziness. Though radiation therapy is common, some tumors are radioresistant, necessitating additional treatment. Understanding VS radiobiology is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simonetta Pazzaglia, Barbara Tanno, Francesca Antonelli, Paola Giardullo, Gabriele Babini, Prabal Subedi, Omid Azimzadeh, Zohaib N. Khan, Kateryna Oleksenko, Fabian Metzger, Christine von Toerne, Damien Traynor, Dinesh Medipally, Aidan D. Meade, Munira Kadhim, Fiona M. Lyng, Soile Tapio, Anna Saran, Mariateresa Mancuso
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential contribution of non-targeted radiation effects to hippocampal damage, indicating similarities and differences in molecular and histological changes induced by different irradiation doses and methods. It suggests that both targeted and non-targeted radiation effects may play a role in the pathogenesis of hippocampal radiation injury, with implications for human health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shenghui Qin, Xiaoyuan He, Houmin Lin, Bradley A. Schulte, Mingfeng Zhao, Kenneth D. Tew, Gavin Y. Wang
Summary: The study reveals that radiation can activate Nrf2 signaling, which counteracts the killing effect of radiation on cancer stem cells. Inhibiting the activation of Nrf2 can enhance the killing effect of radiation on therapy-resistant cancer stem cells.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sera Jung, Kwang Min Koo, Jaihyunk Ryu, Inwoo Baek, Soon-Jae Kwon, Jin-Baek Kim, Joon-Woo Ahn
Summary: The study revealed that CrPRPS plays a crucial role in the response to DNA damage in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with overexpression leading to increased cell growth and survival rates. Additionally, overexpression of CrPRPS enhances the expression of genes associated with DNA damage response.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cynthia M. Simbulan-Rosenthal, Yogameenakshi Haribabu, Sahar Vakili, Li-Wei Kuo, Havens Clark, Ryan Dougherty, Ryyan Alobaidi, Bonnie Carney, Peter Sykora, Dean S. Rosenthal
Summary: This study investigates the underlying mechanisms of CD133's anti-apoptotic activity in malignant melanoma, revealing that CD133 activates a survival pathway and contributes to drug resistance. Targeting the CD133, AKT, or BCL-2 survival pathways shows potential for more effective treatments for high-risk melanoma patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evan L. Pannkuk, Evagelia C. Laiakis, Guy Garty, Shivani Bansal, Brian Ponnaiya, Xuefeng Wu, Shanaz A. Ghandhi, Sally A. Amundson, David J. Brenner, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: This study compared the metabolite signatures in urine and serum after exposing mice to different dose rates of radiation. The results showed that individuals exposed to radiation could be distinguished at 1 day post-irradiation, but not at 7 days. The identical metabolite panels were able to identify exposed individuals regardless of dose rate.
Review
Biology
Omid Azimzadeh, Simone Moertl, Raghda Ramadan, Bjorn Baselet, Evagelia C. Laiakis, Soji Sebastian, Danielle Beaton, Jaana M. Hartikainen, Jan Christian Kaiser, Afshin Beheshti, Sisko Salomaa, Vinita Chauhan, Nobuyuki Hamada
Summary: This review explores the omics studies on radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the past 20 years and their applicability to the proposed adverse outcome pathway for CVD. The results show promising omics data in providing information for key events of CVD, such as oxidative stress, alterations of energy metabolism, extracellular matrix, and vascular remodeling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kamendra Kumar, Bo-Hyun Moon, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Shubhankar Suman
Summary: This study examines the status of mammary cancer-associated preneoplasia markers in mice exposed to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and gamma-ray irradiation. The findings suggest that mice exposed to GCR have a higher risk of mammary cancer compared to those exposed to gamma-rays, as indicated by increased ductal outgrowth and cell proliferation in mammary tissues.
LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shubhankar Suman, Albert J. Fornace Jr
Summary: Using a GI cancer mouse model approach, researchers have gained insights into the risks of space-radiation-induced GI cancer and tested potential medical countermeasures (MCMs). This review provides an update on MCM testing, lessons learned, and a perspective on using senescence signaling targeting as a strategy to protect against space radiation-induced GI carcinogenesis.
LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Janice L. Huff, Floriane Poignant, Shirin Rahmanian, Nafisah Khan, Eleanor A. Blakely, Richard A. Britten, Polly Chang, Albert J. Fornace, Megumi Hada, Amy Kronenberg, Ryan B. Norman, Zarana S. Patel, Jerry W. Shay, Michael M. Weil, Lisa C. Simonsen, Tony C. Slaba
Summary: For missions to the moon or Mars, space explorers will face a complex radiation field with various ion species and energies. The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) has developed an innovative galactic cosmic ray simulator (GCRsim) to simulate the space radiation environment and study biological risks. The GCRsim consists of 33 ion beams that simulate the primary and secondary GCR fields encountered in space. A recent virtual workshop assessed the status of the GCRsim, discussing its design and beam selection strategies. This information is important for advancements in space radiobiology.
LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Evan L. Pannkuk, Nicole A. S. -Y. Dorville, Shivani Bansal, Sunil Bansal, Yvonne A. Dzal, Quinn E. Fletcher, Kaleigh J. O. Norquay, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Craig K. R. Willis
Summary: This study investigates the lipidomic changes in bats with white-nose syndrome (WNS) and suggests that oxidative stress occurs in the early stages of WNS before fat depletion, but not inflammatory response. The study compared WNS-susceptible Myotis lucifugus to WNS-resistant Eptesicus fuscus and found altered splenic lipid levels only in M. lucifugus.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Santosh Kumar, Shubhankar Suman, Bo-Hyun Moon, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Kamal Datta
Summary: This study reveals that radiation exposure induces long-term oxidative stress in colonic epithelial cells, which is associated with colon carcinogenesis. The NADPH oxidase pathway may play a critical role in propagating this oxidative stress after radiation exposure.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shubhankar Suman, Bo-Hyun Moon, Kamal Datta, Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: The study shows that the quality of space radiation affects the incidence of colonic inflammation and associated cancer. Heavy-ion radiation exposure increases the risk of colitis-associated cancer. It is important to recognize the potential hazards of space radiation on gastrointestinal health.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lewis Y. Y. Geer, Joel Lapin, Douglas J. J. Slotta, Tytus D. D. Mak, Stephen E. E. Stein
Summary: By using a neural network to predict complete spectra, we created predicted spectral libraries that were used to rescore sequence search results, resulting in improved peptide identification accuracy and increased number of identifications, particularly for modified and phosphorylated peptides.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Elaina Kwiatkowski, Shubhankar Suman, Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Santosh Kumar
Summary: This study assessed the expression of multiple stem cell markers in premalignant tumors after low- and high-LET radiation. The results showed a correlation between increased levels of stemness markers and fi-catenin activation in premalignant tumors, particularly in tumors induced by high-LET radiation. The study highlights the complex relationship between radiation types and stem cell phenotypes, and their potential influence on carcinogenesis processes.
Review
Oncology
Kamendra Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Kamal Datta, Albert J. J. Fornace Jr, Shubhankar Suman
Summary: High-energy heavy ions can cause DNA damage, leading to cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest, cell death, and cellular senescence. Prolonged exposure to high-energy ions in space radiation increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) carcinogenesis. Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) can result in gene mutations and pro-inflammatory, pro-oncogenic signaling, accelerating adenoma-to-carcinoma progression during radiation-induced GI cancer development.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Renxiang Chen, Yun-Tien Lin, Albert J. Fornace, Heng-Hong Li
Summary: The increasing number of compounds and chemicals that require safety assessments pose a serious challenge for regulatory agencies. In vitro screening using toxicogenomic biomarkers has been proposed as a solution, and a highly automated, multiplexed, and high-throughput genotoxicity testing assay has been developed to increase screening efficiency.
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
C. F. M. Menck, R. S. Galhardo, A. Quinet
Summary: Studies have shown that xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) patients have mutations in the POLH gene, resulting in a high frequency of skin tumors. However, it is paradoxical that the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase eta (Pol η) in these patients can actually suppress mutations, and the mechanism behind this is still unclear. Recent evidence suggests that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) play an instructional role for Pol η, enabling accurate replication of these lesions, and the mutagenic effects induced by UV radiation are caused by the deamination of C-containing CPDs. This process leads to C>T transitions, which are the most common mutations in skin cancers. The delayed replication in XP-V cells amplifies the deamination of C in CPDs and increases the burden of C>T mutations through the activity of backup TLS polymerases.
MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
(2024)
