Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Leo, Elena Tremoli, Letizia Ferroni, Barbara Zavan
Summary: Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, associated with inflamed and defective adipose tissue. Extracellular vesicles, involved in insulin resistance, diabetes, and CVDs, play a role in the onset and development of these pathologies. Inflammation triggers the transition of adipose tissue secretome, leading to an increase in pro-inflammatory mediators.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Kaviyarasi Renu, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Rama Jayaraj, Abhijit Dey, Balachandar Vellingiri, Raja Ganesan
Summary: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat deposit that is morphologically and physiologically connected to the myocardium and coronary arteries. It has cardioprotective characteristics, but under clinical processes, it can impact the heart and coronary arteries by secreting proinflammatory cytokines. The factors affecting this equilibrium are still not fully understood. This review focuses on the physiological and pathophysiological dimensions of EAT and its various clinical utilities.
Review
Biology
Il-Kwon Kim, Byeong-Wook Song, Soyeon Lim, Sang-Woo Kim, Seahyoung Lee
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and obesity is a known risk factor. Epicardial adipose tissue has been identified as an important factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes differentially expressed miRNAs in human epicardial adipose tissue under pathologic conditions, focusing on their targets and roles in tissue regulation. The study suggests that epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs have potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cardiovascular diseases, but further research is needed to understand their overall impact and potential risks.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cheng Li, Xinyu Liu, Binay Kumar Adhikari, Liping Chen, Wenyun Liu, Yonggang Wang, Huimao Zhang
Summary: In recent decades, the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been extensively studied for its various roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Under physiological conditions, EAT acts as a cushion and protects the coronary arteries and myocardium. However, under pathological conditions, EAT dysfunction promotes the progression of various CVDs. EAT might serve as an early predictor and a potential therapeutic target for CVD management.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentina A. Rossi, Martin Gruebler, Luca Monzo, Alessandro Galluzzo, Matteo Beltrami
Summary: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an endocrine and paracrine organ that can exert both protective and harmful effects in heart failure. Its role may differ depending on the type of heart failure, but it has the potential to be a therapeutic target.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew Lin, Nathan D. Wong, Aryabod Razipour, Priscilla A. McElhinney, Frederic Commandeur, Sebastien J. Cadet, Heidi Gransar, Xi Chen, Stephanie Cantu, Robert J. H. Miller, Nitesh Nerlekar, Dennis T. L. Wong, Piotr J. Slomka, Alan Rozanski, Balaji K. Tamarappoo, Daniel S. Berman, Damini Dey
Summary: Metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and AI-based EAT measures are predictors of long-term MACE risk in asymptomatic individuals, with potential for improving cardiovascular risk stratification in routine reporting of CAC scoring CT.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noura N. Ballasy, Anshul S. Jadli, Pariya Edalat, Sean Kang, Ali Fatehi Hassanabad, Karina P. Gomes, Paul W. M. Fedak, Vaibhav B. Patel
Summary: The study found that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) treated with high glucose, high palmitate, and lipopolysaccharide released a large amount of proinflammatory cytokines, which may lead to EAT inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, causing coronary artery endothelial cell dysfunction.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juliana Perez-Miguelsanz, Vanesa Jimenez-Ortega, Pilar Cano-Barquilla, Marta Garaulet, Ana Esquifino, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Pilar Fernandez-Mateos
Summary: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) originates early in embryonic development and goes through five stages including angiogenesis and the appearance of adipocytes. Factors such as maternal health and nutrition may influence the early development of EAT, which has clinical implications for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Auriane C. Ernault, Veronique M. F. Meijborg, Ruben Coronel
Summary: Obesity is a significant risk factor for arrhythmic cardiovascular death. A review investigates the influence of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on arrhythmogenesis, highlighting its impact on atrial and ventricular conduction delay, structural cross talk with the heart, and secretion of substances that influence cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. The interaction between EAT and cardiomyocytes facilitates arrhythmias via activation delay, conduction slowing, and increased risk of block.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Iokfai Cheang, Xu Zhu, Xin Yue, Yuan Tang, Yujie Gao, Xinyi Lu, Shi Shi, Shengen Liao, Wenming Yao, Yanli Zhou, Haifeng Zhang, Yinsu Zhu, Yi Xu, Xinli Li
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic values of ventricle epicardial fat volume (EFV) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) using cardiac magnetic resonance. A total of 516 CHF patients were recruited, and 136 (26.4%) of them experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within a median follow-up of 24 months. The study found that EFV was significantly associated with MACE and showed promising predictive ability for MACE at different time points.
Article
Biology
Michal Konwerski, Aleksandra Gasecka, Grzegorz Opolski, Marcin Grabowski, Tomasz Mazurek
Summary: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and may impact the course of COVID-19. Novel therapies targeting EAT could revolutionize the prognosis in CVDs.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thembeka A. Nyawo, Carmen Pheiffer, Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje, Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu, Tawanda M. Nyambuya, Bongani B. Nkambule, Hanel Sadie-Van Gijsen, Hans Strijdom, Luca Tiano, Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
Summary: Excessive epicardial adiposity is emerging as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and reducing epicardial fat thickness is crucial for attenuating CVD risk in the setting of metabolic disease. Physical exercise can reduce epicardial fat and decrease CVD risk in conditions of metabolic disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kultigin Turkmen, Hakan Ozer, Mariusz Kusztal
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death for patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), a visceral fat depot of the heart, has been linked to coronary artery disease and is considered a novel cardiovascular risk factor, affecting morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Elisa Doukbi, Astrid Soghomonian, Coralie Sengenes, Shaista Ahmed, Patricia Ancel, Anne Dutour, Benedicte Gaborit
Summary: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is in direct contact with the heart and coronary arteries and its secreted molecules can affect the metabolism of the heart and arteries. Recent studies have shown that EAT exhibits beige fat-like features, but this thermogenic potential can be lost with age, obesity, and CAD.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cong Liu, Milena Schonke, Enchen Zhou, Zhuang Li, Sander Kooijman, Mariette R. Boon, Mikael Larsson, Kristina Wallenius, Niek Dekker, Louise Barlind, Xiao-Rong Peng, Yanan Wang, Patrick C. N. Rensen
Summary: FGF21 plays a role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism, improving hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic lesions. It accelerates the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT, leading to decreased levels of non-HDL cholesterol and severity of hepatic steatosis.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)