Review
Immunology
Han Wu, Fei Wang, Dongdong Tang, Daishu Han
Summary: Mumps orchitis, caused by the mumps virus, commonly affects young adult men and leads to testis pain and swelling. Vaccination has been effective in reducing mumps incidence, but recent studies have highlighted the threat of outbreaks and high rates of orchitis on male fertility.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Josien Lanfermeijer, Marieke M. Nuehn, Maarten E. Emmelot, Martien C. M. Poelen, Cecile A. C. M. van Els, Jose A. M. Borghans, Debbie van Baarle, Patricia Kaaijk, Jelle de Wit
Summary: Decrease in MuV-specific humoral response after vaccination may contribute to recent mumps outbreaks, but CD8(+) T cells could play a key role in the immune response against MuV. The frequency of MuV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the blood declines within 9 months post-infection, although the TCR beta analysis reveals a stable MuV-specific T-cell repertoire over time.
Article
Immunology
Megumi Hara, Rie Koshida, Takashi Nakano
Summary: The study found that the mumps vaccination rate was 55.6%, with the most common reason for parents not vaccinating their children being that it is not a routine vaccine. Factors influencing mumps vaccination among parents included knowledge of adverse reaction types, sources of vaccination recommendations, reading vaccination guidelines, previous experience with other voluntary vaccines or gastroenteritis treatment, and having a deep understanding of vaccination.
Article
Microbiology
Fumihiro Kato, Yuichiro Nakatsu, Keiko Murano, Aika Wakata, Toru Kubota, Takayuki Hishiki, Toshiyuki Yamaji, Minoru Kidokoro, Hiroshi Katoh, Makoto Takeda
Summary: Efforts to discover antiviral drug candidates against the mumps virus (MuV) continue, with a recent study showing that the retinoid acid receptor agonist CD437 exhibits anti-MuV activity by targeting a late step in the virus's life cycle. CD437 also inhibits replication of other paramyxoviruses and does not require induction of the retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I for its antiviral activity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Deirdre Jane Foley, Anna Rose Connell, Gabriel Gonzalez, Jeff Connell, Timothy Ronan Leahy, Cillian De Gascun, Jaythoon Hassan
Summary: Despite the widespread use of the mumps vaccine, outbreaks still occur in highly vaccinated populations. This study found that mumps cases had higher levels of mumps-specific antibodies compared to controls, but the levels decreased with age. The antigenic differences between the vaccine strain and circulating mumps viruses may decrease the cross-neutralization capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies, potentially leading to breakthrough infections.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaojie Zhang, Sindhuja Sridhran, Levgeniia Zagoriy, Christina Eugster Oegema, Cyan Ching, Tim Pflaesterer, Herman K. H. Fung, Isabelle Becher, Ina Poser, Christoph W. Mueller, Anthony A. Hyman, Mikhil M. Savilski, Julia Mahamid
Summary: Researchers have discovered that cellular stress can disrupt the equilibrium of persistent infection and induce replication of the mumps virus. They found that persistent viral replication factories are dynamic condensates and identified the viral phosphoprotein as a key driver in their assembly. Under stress, phosphorylation of the phosphoprotein at its interaction interface with the viral polymerase increases, leading to the formation of a stable replication complex. By obtaining atomic models for the authentic mumps virus nucleocapsid, the researchers elucidated a concomitant conformational change that exposes the viral genome to its replication machinery. These events represent a stress-mediated switch within viral condensates that support increased viral replication.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tadanobu Takahashi, Yuuki Kurebayashi, Kazumasa Tani, Mika Yamazaki, Akira Minami, Hideyuki Takeuchi
Summary: Research has shown that catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess antiviral effects against mumps virus infection. Unlike influenza viruses, catechins inhibit viral fusion activity rather than receptor binding and sialidase activities in mumps virus. This suggests that catechins could be a valuable food-derived antiviral agent against mumps virus.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Leah Shepersky, Mona Marin, John Zhang, Huong Pham, Mariel A. Marlow
Summary: Despite a >99% reduction in US mumps cases after the introduction of mumps vaccine in 1967, outbreaks involving vaccinated children and adolescents have occurred since 2006. Most pediatric cases reported from 2007-2019 had previously received MMR vaccine. During 2015-2019, a significant proportion of pediatric cases were associated with international travel.
Review
Virology
Jasmine Rae Frost, Saba Shaikh, Alberto Severini
Summary: Several studies have examined amino acid variations between circulating wild-type mumps strains and vaccine strains, focusing on the HN and F mumps surface glycoproteins. These variations may have potential effects on viral infection and immune responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deven Gokhale, Tobias S. Brett, Biao He, Aaron A. King, Pejman Rohan
Summary: In the past two decades, countries with high vaccine coverage have experienced resurgent outbreaks of mumps, especially among those who have completed the recommended vaccination schedule. Possible reasons for vaccine failure include gradual waning of vaccine-derived immunity and the introduction of novel viral genotypes. Using statistical modeling based on age-structured epidemiological, demographic, and vaccine uptake data, it has been shown that the data supports the hypothesis of waning immunity. This study helps explain the shift in mumps incidence towards older individuals, the recurrence of outbreaks, and the high proportion of cases among vaccinated individuals.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cristiana Ferrari, Marco Trabucco Aurilio, Andrea Mazza, Antonio Pietroiusti, Andrea Magrini, Ottavia Balbi, Matteo Bolcato, Luca Coppeta
Summary: Healthcare workers are at higher risk for mumps infection, and Italy does not follow ACIP recommendations to offer a third dose of MMR vaccine to unprotected individuals. A substantial percentage of childhood vaccine recipients lack protective mumps titers, with females having higher serological protection.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dong Li, Hairong Zhang, Na You, Zhifei Chen, Xiuhui Yang, Hangsu Zhang, Yong Zhou, Ningxuan Zheng, Weiyi Pan
Summary: The one-dose mumps-containing vaccine schedule in Fujian does not provide sustained and stable mumps immunity. To reduce the risk of mumps, it is recommended to provide supplementary vaccination to children without a history of receiving at least one mumps-containing vaccine dose or who are seronegative at 10-15 years of age.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hiraku Sasaki, Tomoko Fukunaga, Ai Asano, Kansuke Yamanaka, Kota Oikawa, Nobuto Shibata
Summary: In Japan, the coverage rate of monovalent mumps virus (MuV) vaccine among 18-20 year old participants was only 48%. Those with a medical history and more than two doses of vaccination had significantly higher antibody titers. Seropositivity against MuV infection was over 50% regardless of the number of vaccinations.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hong Shan, Xin Su, Tianhao Li, Yuqi Qin, Na Zhang, Liuyan Yang, Linsha Ma, Yun Bai, Lei Qi, Yunhui Liu, Qing-Tao Shen
Summary: The study describes high-resolution structures of the Nucleoprotein in two different oligomeric states and four different higher-order helical structures. The structural rearrangements required to transition between the different helical assemblies obtained are highlighted, providing a basis for the structural plasticity among different MuV nucleocapsids.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Marie Kubota, Takao Hashiguchi
Summary: The mumps virus is an important human pathogen causing various diseases, with sporadic outbreaks occurring even in highly vaccinated populations. It not only causes systemic infection but also has specific tropism to glandular tissues and the central nervous system. The understanding of viral tropism involves various factors such as viral entry, host factor interactions, and host-cell immune responses.