SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF BETA-BLOCKERS ATENOLOL AND BISOPROLOL FUMARATE RESIDUES IN SENEGAL NATURAL WATERS

A spectrofluorimetric method was developed to determine residues of two P-blockers, atenolol (AT) and bisoprolol fumarate (BF), in Senegal's natural waters. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectral properties of both P-blockers were investigated in several organic solvent mixtures [e.g., MeOH/H2O (60/40 v/v), cyclodextrins (P-cyclodextrin, HP-P-CD], and in the presence of surfactants (SDS, Triton X, Tween 80). After optimization, satisfactory analytical figures of merit were obtained for the determination of both P-blockers: concentration linear dynamic range of over one to two orders of magnitude, limits of detection (LODs) from 1.3 to 5.4 ng/ml for BF and from 1.2 to 3.7 ng/ml for AT, limits of quantification (LOQs) from 4.5 to 18.1 ng/ml for BF and from 4.0 to 12.5 ng/ml for AT. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 2.1 and 5.3 %, according to the P-blockers. The spectrofluorimetric method was applied to the analysis of fortified river water and wastewater (effluent) collected in Senegal and France and spiked with both P-blockers. It yielded good recovery values, from 93.3 to 107.8 % for AT and from 97.4 to 108.9 % for BF. Our results demonstrated the simplicity, rapidity, and sensitivity of the spectrofluorimetric method to quantify residues of P-blockers in environmental waters.

Automated summary

A spectrofluorimetric method was developed to determine the residues of atenolol and bisoprolol fumarate, two P-blockers, in Senegal's natural waters. The method showed satisfactory analytical figures of merit, including a linear dynamic range of over one to two orders of magnitude, low limits of detection and quantification, and low relative standard deviations. The method was successfully applied to analyze fortified river water and wastewater samples, demonstrating its simplicity, rapidity, and sensitivity in quantifying P-blocker residues in environmental waters.