Review
Pediatrics
Denis J. Donovan, Joanna E. Nelson, Michael A. Monaco
Summary: The purpose of this review is to discuss sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes, the different preparticipation screening recommendations, and recent evidence and current practice. SCD in young athletes is primarily caused by underlying cardiac disease. There are various preparticipation screening recommendations globally with the goal of identifying at-risk youth and reducing SCD rates.
CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stefano Palermi, Elena Cavarretta, Flavio D'Ascenzi, Silvia Castelletti, Fabrizio Ricci, Marco Vecchiato, Alessandro Serio, Luna Cavigli, Eduardo Bossone, Giuseppe Limongelli, Alessandro Biffi, Emanuele Monda, Andre La Gerche, Aaron Baggish, Antonello D'Andrea
Summary: Athlete's heart is a spectrum of changes that occur in individuals who engage in regular and long-term intense physical activity, which may overlap with structural and electrical cardiac diseases. It is important to avoid overdiagnosis and identify underlying cardiac disorders to prevent sudden cardiac death. A step-by-step multimodality approach, including personal and family history evaluation, clinical evaluation, and various diagnostic tests, is crucial in distinguishing between physiological adaptations and cardiac pathology in athletes.
REVIEWS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Braeden Hill, Nicholas Grubic, Matthew Williamson, Dermot M. Phelan, Aaron L. Baggish, Paul Dorian, Jonathan A. Drezner, Amer M. Johri
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the psychological implications of cardiovascular preparticipation screening (PPS) in athletes. The findings indicated that most athletes had positive reactions to screening and would recommend it to others. Psychological distress was mainly reported among athletes with pathological cardiac conditions and true-positive screening results. However, athletes with false-positive screening results still reported an increased feeling of safety while participating in sport and were satisfied with PPS. Overall, most athletes did not experience psychological distress before, during, or after PPS, regardless of the screening modality used or accuracy of results.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Christa Miliaresis, Priya Misra, Deborah Friedman, Robin Altman, Michael Gewitz
Summary: This project examines the utilization of a 14-element physical evaluation in screening pediatric patients for sports participation. By employing quality improvement methodology, the utilization of the evaluation increased and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest was reduced.
Article
Pediatrics
Zane J. Blank, Robert L. Spicer, Jeffrey A. Robinson
Summary: This study investigated the utilization of screening elements for preparticipation physical evaluations (PPE) in US states before high school athletics. The results showed that only 27% of states included all 14 recommended screening elements by the American Heart Association, while others included varying numbers of screening elements.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jennie Han, Andrea Lalario, Enzo Merro, Gianfranco Sinagra, Sanjay Sharma, Michael Papadakis, Gherardo Finocchiaro
Summary: Exercise has numerous benefits for cardiovascular and general health, but even seemingly healthy athletes can experience sudden cardiac death (SCD). The causes of SCD in athletes vary depending on age, with older individuals commonly affected by atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, while younger individuals are more likely to have primary cardiomyopathies and ion channelopathies. Preventing SCD in athletes requires early identification of arrhythmogenic diseases through cardiac screening and effective resuscitation measures such as widespread use of automatic external defibrillators and CPR training. This review discusses the epidemiology, causes, and preventive strategies for SCD in athletes.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cecil A. Rambarat, Fred Reifsteck, James R. Clugston, Eileen M. Handberg, Matthew W. Martinez, Robert Hamburger, Joan M. Street, Breton Asken, Yasmeen Taha, Matthew Kelling, Michelle Dimza, Osama Dasa, Carl J. Pepine, Katherine M. Edenfield
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in cardiovascular parameters among female collegiate athletes based on classification of sport and race, emphasizing the importance of considering these categorizations in interpreting cardiac screening data for female athletes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Anna Palmisano, Fatemeh Darvizeh, Giulia Cundari, Giuseppe Rovere, Giovanni Ferrandino, Valeria Nicoletti, Francesco Cilia, Silvia De Vizio, Roberto Palumbo, Antonio Esposito, Marco Francone
Summary: The article discusses the challenges in diagnosing athlete's heart, emphasizing the differentiation between physiological and pathological remodeling, and highlights the importance of using CCTA and CMR to describe the structural characteristics of the heart.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cinzia Crescenzi, Alessandro Zorzi, Teresina Vessella, Annamaria Martino, Germana Panattoni, Alberto Cipriani, Manuel De Lazzari, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Armando Fusco, Luigi Sciarra, Fabio Sperandii, Emanuele Guerra, Eliana Tranchita, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Patrizio Sarto, Leonardo Calo, Domenico Corrado
Summary: By evaluating the characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias in athletes, it was found that the number and morphology of premature ventricular beats on 12-lead 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring, as well as the response to exercise testing, could predict the presence of concealed myocardial abnormalities on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bogna Jiravska Godula, Otakar Jiravsky, Petra Pesova, Libor Jelinek, Marketa Sovova, Katarina Moravcova, Jaromir Ozana, Miroslav Hudec, Roman Miklik, Jan Hecko, Libor Sknouril, Eliska Sovova
Summary: The prevalence and predictors of positive family history (FH) of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Czech athletes were assessed using four preparticipation screening (PPS) systems. It was found that the prevalence of positive FH was 1.28% and it was significantly associated with the maximum heart rate at the peak of the exercise test. The study also revealed differences in detection rates between PPS protocols, suggesting the need for further research to determine the optimal method of FH collection.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giulia Brunetti, Alberto Cipriani, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Manuel De Lazzari, Barbara Bauce, Chiara Calore, Ilaria Rigato, Francesca Graziano, Riccardo Vio, Domenico Corrado, Alessandro Zorzi
Summary: Premature ventricular beats (PVBs) are not uncommon in athletes, and the risk depends on whether there is an underlying myocardial substrate that predisposes to sudden cardiac death. The standard diagnostic work-up for athletes with PVBs includes family and personal history, ECG, 24-hour ambulatory ECG, exercise testing, and echocardiography. Echocardiography has limited sensitivity in detecting non-ischemic left ventricular scars, which can be revealed through more in-depth studies, such as CMR imaging. The morphology, complexity, and exercise inducibility of PVBs can help estimate the likelihood of underlying heart disease. CMR imaging may be indicated even when echocardiography is normal.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junichi Sugita, Katsuhito Fujiu, Yukiteru Nakayama, Takumi Matsubara, Jun Matsuda, Tsukasa Oshima, Yuxiang Liu, Yujin Maru, Eriko Hasumi, Toshiya Kojima, Hiroshi Seno, Keisuke Asano, Ayumu Ishijima, Naoki Tomii, Masatoshi Yamazaki, Fujimi Kudo, Ichiro Sakuma, Ryozo Nagai, Ichiro Manabe, Issei Komuro
Summary: It has been demonstrated that cardiac resident macrophages are crucial regulators of cardiac impulse conduction through the production of Amphiregulin, contributing significantly to the prevention of sudden death.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
G. Riva, J. Hollenberg
Summary: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major cause of death in the Western world. Initiating CPR is key to improving survival rates, with early CPR and prompt defibrillation being important factors that influence survival rates.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Orianne Weizman, Jean-Philippe Empana, Marieke Blom, Hanno L. Tan, Martin Jonsson, Kumar Narayanan, Mattias Ringh, Eloi Marijon, Xavier Jouven
Summary: This study assessed the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of women presenting with sudden cardiac arrest during sports (Sr-SCA) using data from 3 European registries. The results showed a significantly lower risk of Sr-SCA in women compared with men, emphasizing the need to consider this in future preparticipation screening strategies.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Nathan R. Riding, Dan-Mihai Dorobantu, Craig A. Williams, Graham Stuart, Peter Fritsch, Mathew G. Wilson, Elias Mossialos, Guido Pieles
Summary: This article systematically reviews and evaluates the quality of cardiovascular screening policies for athletes in the context of pediatric population. It finds that there is a lack of specific recommendations for pediatric athletes and the overall quality of the policies is moderate.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jose Miguel Viegas, Pedro Garcia Bras, Isabel Cardoso, Silvia Aguiar Rsoa
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jose Miguel Viegas, Isabel Cardoso, Pedro Rio, Ana Galrinho
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andre Grazina, Antonio Fiarresga, Ruben Ramos, Jose Viegas, Isabel Cardoso, Barbara Lacerda Teixeira, Lidia de Sousa, Duarte Cacela, Rui Cruz Ferreira
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of ICE-guided LAAO procedures. The results showed that ICE-guided LAAO was a safe and effective therapeutic strategy in a high embolic and bleeding risk population.
REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pedro Garcia Bras, Silvia Aguiar Rosa, Isabel Cardoso, Luisa Moura Branco, Ana Galrinho, Antonio Valentim Goncalves, Boban Thomas, Jose Miguel Viegas, Antonio Fiarresga, Goncalo Branco, Ricardo Pereira, Mafalda Selas, Filipa Silva, Ines Cruz, Luis Baquero, Rui Cruz Ferreira, Luis Rocha Lopes
Summary: Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is correlated with microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Myocardial work is associated with left ventricular ischemia and has incremental value to global longitudinal strain in HCM patients. Impaired myocardial work is significantly correlated with the extent of ischemia in cardiac magnetic resonance, independently of the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis, with a higher predictive power than global longitudinal strain.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jose Miguel Viegas, Vera Ferreira, Tiago Pereira-da-Silva, Rui Cruz Ferreira
Summary: This article presents a case of iatrogenic coronary artery dissection after percutaneous coronary intervention. The use of double-wiring technique with intracoronary imaging guidance successfully treated the multifenestrated dissection and enabled stent implantation.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS
(2023)
