Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Francisco M. Martin-Zamora, Billie E. Davies, Rory D. Donnellan, Kero Guynes, Jose M. Martin-Duran
Summary: Our understanding of gene expression modulation in animals is biased towards a few model species, but investigating gene regulation in the diverse animal clade Spiralia is crucial for understanding ancestral and derived features in genome functioning, with significant societal impact. While certain fields such as single-cell transcriptomics are advancing, the study of chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and genome architecture is still in its early stages. Efforts to generate chromosome-scale reference genomes and optimize research approaches will bridge the knowledge gaps in functional genomics in Spiralia.
BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael C. Corballis
Summary: Humans belong to the bilateria clade with bilateral symmetry, but exceptions to symmetry have arisen in internal organ arrangement and brain asymmetries. Asymmetries in brain networks are associated with language, emotion, and conditions such as dyslexia and autism, but may ultimately stem from molecular level asymmetries in internal organs.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Allan Martin Carrillo-Baltodano, Oceane Seudre, Kero Guynes, Jose Maria Martin-Duran
Summary: The study demonstrates that Owenia fusiformis undergoes equal spiral cleavage and forms a feeding trochophore-like larva through gastrulation by invagination. The nervous system of the larva develops earlier and more elaborately than previously recognized, from anterior to posterior.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Jakovlic, Hong Zou, Tong Ye, Hong Zhang, Xiang Liu, Chuan-Yu Xiang, Gui-Tang Wang, Dong Zhang
Summary: Parasitic species and those with low locomotory capacity exhibit faster mitogenomic evolutionary rates, suggesting that these variables play a major role in calibrating the mitochondrial molecular clock in bilaterian animals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Truchado-Garcia, Kimberly J. Perry, Florencia Cavodeassi, Nathan J. Kenny, Jonathan Q. Henry, Cristina Grande
Summary: Asymmetries are crucial for the proper organization and function of organ systems. The Nodal/Smad2 pathway has been shown to play a key role in the establishment of body asymmetries in bilaterians. In this study, the orthologs of the egf-cfc gene, a master regulator of the Nodal pathway, were identified in invertebrate species, providing evidence of its presence in non-deuterostomes. The functional experiments revealed that egf-cfc does not contribute to the establishment of left-right asymmetry in gastropods, but a mutation in this gene in the common ancestor of chordates was found to induce a gain of function in LRA regulation.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Anne-Catherine De la Hamette, Stefan L. Ludescher, Markus P. Mueller
Summary: In the quantization of gauge theories and quantum gravity, treating reference frames as internal quantum subsystems rather than idealized external classical relata is crucial. By studying the quantitative correspondence between the entanglement in the invariant state on the reference frame and the asymmetry in the corresponding conditional state, we shed light on the mechanism of establishing asymmetry in a fully symmetric quantum world.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Alessio Alesci, Angelo Fumia, Marco Albano, Emmanuele Messina, Roberta 'Angelo, Angelica Mangano, Anthea Miller, Nunziacarla Spano, Serena Savoca, Gioele Capillo
Summary: The internal defense system of mollusks involves various immune processes and the presence of specialized cells known as hemocytes, which play a crucial role in the defense against pathogens and parasites. However, the exploration of hemocytes in mollusks is limited. This study aimed to investigate the hemocytes of the gastropod Aplysia depilans using morphological techniques and microscopy, and it identified two distinct hemocyte populations based on size and the presence/absence of granules. Immunohistochemistry analysis also revealed the presence of Toll-like receptor 2, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit on the surface of sea hare hemocytes, providing important insights into the immune system of mollusks and the evolution of defense response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Satabdi Bera, Sanhita Sarkar, Juthi Pal, Rajarshi Samanta
Summary: A rhodium(III)-catalyzed Satoh-Miura type oxidative annulation of N-aryl 2-pyridone derivatives using internal alkyne as a coupling partner is described. The weakly coordinating carbonyl group of the 2-pyridone ring is utilized for this transformation, allowing for a broad scope and wide functional group tolerance. The solvent plays an important role in providing a different class of annulated product. Preliminary investigation of the photophysical properties of the obtained polyarylated N-naphthyl 2-pyridones was also conducted.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Pengda Liang, Bei Lv, Ke Chen, Wenrui Qiao, Dawei Li
Summary: In this study, a single biosensor integrating CRISPR/Cas12a and HCR technology was developed for ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions. The biosensor showed high sensitivity and stability, and demonstrated reliability in environmental water sample detection.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Oceanography
Yankun Gong, Jieshuo Xie, Jiexin Xu, Zhiwu Chen, Yinghui He, Shuqun Cai
Summary: This study investigates the generation and evolution processes of local nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) near the Lombok Strait. High-resolution numerical simulations and idealized numerical simulations reveal that barotropic semidiurnal tides predominantly determine the generation of NLIWs, while barotropic diurnal tides significantly modulate it. Additionally, the study finds that NLIWs are influenced by wave modulation during propagation, and energy fluxes are larger in the east-central area of the crest line. The study also highlights the northward asymmetry of NLIWs and attributes it to the asymmetric water depth and slope steepness in the Lombok Strait.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Guiyoung Son, Yaeri Kim
Summary: This study introduced the Korean continuous emotional database and investigated brain activity during watching movie clips with different emotions, as well as verifying and classifying emotion-related channels using SVM. The study ultimately selected eight emotion-related channels and achieved high accuracy in classification.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matteo Garzia, Paolo Manottini, Daniele Salvi, Giulia Furfaro
Summary: The Mediterranean marine biodiversity, particularly nudibranchs, is underestimated due to the difficulty in identifying taxa with limited morphological characters. Molecular assessments using mitochondrial markers have helped reveal cryptic diversity within nudibranchs. This study demonstrates the effective use of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) in delimiting species in eolid nudibranchs, providing a valuable complement to traditional genetic markers.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christina E. Weinberg, V. Janett Olzog, Iris Eckert, Zasha Weinberg
Summary: Self-cleaving ribozymes are catalytic RNAs that cut themselves at specific inter-nucleotide linkages. Although there are hundreds of known examples of most structural classes of self-cleaving ribozymes, only four unique examples of the hairpin ribozyme class have been discovered. By bioinformatically predicting 941 unique hairpin ribozymes of a different permuted form, this study has significantly expanded the diversity and potential biological relevance of natural hairpin ribozymes. Moreover, the discovery of novel hairpin ribozymes in metatranscriptomes suggests a previously untapped universe of viruses or other organisms hidden within these sequences.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lei Zhao, Ting Zhu, Li Wei, Qianwen Wang, Jumei Zhao, Shixiong Yi, Jun Wang
Summary: The spinning solution of PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) was used as the research object for spiral spinning. Under laminar flow theory, the macromolecules were straightened and aligned by a spiral spinning needle, which controlled their twisting. TEM was used to photograph the motion trajectory of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in nanofibers, confirming the feasibility of the spiral spinning principle. The number of spiral spinning needles influenced the tightness of spiral arrangement and crystallinity of the nanofibers, while the diameter of the nanofibers had a relationship with the number of spinning needles. Optimal tensile and bursting properties were observed with 13 spinning needles, while optimal pore structure, electrical resistance, and antibacterial properties were observed with 19 spinning needles.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Guanyu Yang, Dou He, Yijun Zhu, Weiwei Zhu, Yang Tan, Xingwen Long, Jinqiao Wan, Zhicai Shi, David Schuman, Pratik Chheda, Nicholas Simmons, Guansai Liu
Summary: Two cholesterol-modified oligonucleotides were developed and used as internal controls in a study on DNA-encoded chemical library synthesis. These oligonucleotides, which are chromatographically separable and directly monitored by mass spectrometry, showed promising results in monitoring reaction progress and providing quality control information. The study suggests that the use of cholesterol-modified oligonucleotides as regular controls can significantly improve the quality of DNA-encoded chemical library productions.
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2021)
