Trends of ‘Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Virtual Reality and Radiomics in Urolithiasis’ over the last 30 years (1994–2023) as published in the literature (PubMed): a Comprehensive review.

Summary: The interest in the application of AI in PCNL procedures has increased over the past 30 years. In the last decade, there has been a significant rise in research, particularly in the areas of automated targeting, outcome prediction, and virtual reality simulation.

Summary: The study identified and analyzed 441 published errata in neurosurgical journals, mostly published within the last 6 years with an average time of 6.72 months between original publication date and erratum. Authorship was the most common reason for published errata, followed by text content, figures, and tables. The average published error rate from 2014 to 2019 was 0.81%. Overall, errors are infrequently observed in neurosurgical journals and improvements in tracking and correcting errors are still needed.

Summary: Radiomics is a method for quantitatively analyzing medical images to create diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive models. It utilizes sophisticated image analysis tools and statistical methods to extract hidden information in medical images, but caution is needed to avoid overenthusiastic claims and scientific pollution.