Review
Cell Biology
Andrew J. Neumann, Rytis Prekeris
Summary: The regulation of machinery involved in cell migration is crucial for maintaining proper organism function. Among the various structures involved, the actin cytoskeleton plays a vital role in providing the forces necessary for cells to migrate. While the Rho family of GTPases are considered the major regulators, other proteins such as the Rab40 family have also been identified as modulators of actin structures and cell migration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Sebastian Hernandez-Toledano, Libia Vega
Summary: The non-cholinergic molecular targets of organophosphate compounds, including malathion and its dialkylphosphate metabolites, have been shown to affect the cytoskeleton components and organization of cells. These compounds induce changes in actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to morphological alterations and increased cell migration. The activation of cytoskeletal regulators, such as Cdc42, plays a key role in these effects. Understanding the non-cholinergic targets of organophosphates is important in elucidating their role in the development of non-neurological diseases.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Beatriz Almaran, Guillem Ramis, Silvia Fernandez de Mattos, Priam Villalonga
Summary: In this study, the functional crosstalk between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and Rho GTPases was analyzed, with a focus on the specific contribution of Rnd3 to the invasive phenotype of glioblastoma cells. RTK inhibition decreased cell motility and invasion, and activated the RhoA/ROCK pathway for actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Rnd3 depletion had similar effects to RTK inhibition, suggesting its crucial role in regulating the invasive phenotype of glioblastoma cells through actin cytoskeletal reorganization.
Article
Cell Biology
Kathryn N. Becker, Krista M. Pettee, Amanda Sugrue, Kevin A. Reinard, Jason L. Schroeder, Kathryn M. Eisenmann
Summary: Targeting mDia is an effective strategy against invasion and tumor microtube networking, while inhibiting ROCK is contraindicated for treating brain cancer.
Article
Cell Biology
Chao Mei, Chong Liu, Ying Gao, Wen-Ting Dai, Wei Zhang, Xi Li, Zhao-Qian Liu
Summary: This study revealed that eIF3a is overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues, and its high expression is associated with tumor metastasis and overall survival. Downregulation of eIF3a significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration of malignant cells. Mechanistically, eIF3a regulates Cdc42 and RhoA expression to promote actin cytoskeleton remodeling, facilitating cancer cell migration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Pontus Aspenstrom
Summary: For many years, the role of RHO GTPases in cancer has been overlooked, but recent studies have shown that they are altered in many cancer types and may have oncogenic effects. This review article summarizes the current knowledge of these mutant RHO GTPases, focusing on how their kinetics can contribute to cancer progression.
Article
Microbiology
Adam Haines, Jordan Wesolowski, Nathan M. Ryan, Tiago Monteiro-Bras, Fabienne Paumet
Summary: Chlamydia trachomatis manipulates host actin and microtubule networks to survive intracellularly, with the effector InaC playing a key role in coordinating these processes. The interaction between ARF1 and RhoA mediated by InaC regulates the stability and formation of microtubule and actin scaffolds, shedding light on new cellular signaling pathways exploited by this clinically significant pathogen.
Article
Neurosciences
Pamela J. Urrutia, Felipe Bodaleo, Daniel A. Borquez, Yuta Homma, Victoria Rozes-Salvador, Cristopher Villablanca, Cecilia Conde, Mitsunori Fukuda, Christian Gonzalez-Billault
Summary: The acquisition of neuronal polarity is a complex process depending on cytoskeletal dynamics and membrane traffic regulation. A positive feedback loop between Rab8a and Cdc42, coupled by Tuba, plays a crucial role in ensuring single axon generation. These findings suggest Tuba coordinates vesicular traffic and cytoskeleton dynamics during neuronal polarization.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Annika Hunziker, Irina Glas, Marie O. Pohl, Silke Stertz
Summary: This study investigates the signaling cascades induced by influenza virus receptor engagement and discovers that the virus induces the formation of filopodia through Cdc42 signaling, which enhances virus endocytosis. The host cell counteracts this mechanism with cortactin, a regulator of actin polymerization, to limit filopodia formation and virus uptake.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Vallejo, Carolina B. Lindsay, Christian Gonzalez-Billault, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
Summary: The study demonstrates that Wnt5a regulates the phosphorylation of Cofilin in neurons through Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 and cell division cycle 42, depending on subcellular compartment and extracellular calcium levels. Moreover, Wnt5a increases dendritic spine density and promotes maturation through Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, requiring the combined activation of small Rho GTPases to enhance filamentous actin levels and promote actin filament stability.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Michaela Melzer, Janina Burk, Deborah J. J. Guest, Jayesh Dudhia
Summary: The Rho/ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 had no effect on proliferation activity and cell senescence in equine ASC and BMSC, as shown by the study.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junyan Yan, Yaxin Tang, Xin Zhong, Huarong Huang, Haonan Wei, Yulei Jin, Yanjiang He, Jinqiao Cao, Lifang Jin, Baowei Hu
Summary: Exposure to carbon blacks (CBs) can activate the RhoA/ROCK pathway in mice lungs, leading to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. However, treatment with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 can attenuate this activation and inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. Hackl, E. Nuesken, J. Voggel, S. E. D. Abo Zed, J. Binz-Lotter, D. Unnersjoe-Jess, C. Mueller, G. Fink, K. Bohl, E. Wiesner, P. Diefenhardt, C. Dafinger, H. Chen, M. Wohlfarth, R. -u. Mueller, M. J. Hackl, B. Schermer, K. -d. Nuesken, L. T. Weber
Summary: The study found that mycophenolate mofetil can ameliorate podocyte damage by restoring the Ca2+-actin cytoskeleton axis, thereby improving proteinuria and nephritis. These findings are of great importance for enhancing the therapeutic effect of proteinuric glomerulopathies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jing Xu, Federica Simonelli, Xiaoyun Li, Angelo Spinello, Sara Laporte, Vincent Torre, Alessandra Magistrato
Summary: The study successfully reduced the infiltration propensity of GBM by using inhibitors of two small Rho GTPases, with all-atom simulations elucidating the molecular basis of their inhibition mechanism and providing valuable information for future drug discovery studies.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Zena Miranda, Zsuzsanna Lichner, Katalin Szaszi, Andras Kapus
Summary: A lesser known downstream effect of Rho family GTPases is the regulation of gene expression through the organization of the cytoskeleton. The key transcription factor MRTF plays a central role in this process, affecting various cellular functions related to cytoskeleton remodeling, contractility, and other processes. Additionally, MRTF is involved in the pathobiology of kidney disease, particularly in fibrotic processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kun He, Mengyi Xie, Weifeng Hong, Yonghe Li, Yaolin Yin, Xiaojin Gao, Yi He, Yu Chen, Chuan You, Jingdong Li
Summary: Centromere protein L (CENPL) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Upregulation of CENPL promotes tumor proliferation and glycolysis in HCC cells by activating the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yingzi Wang, Haozhong Huang, Huimin Weng, Chunsen Jia, Bin Liao, Yang Long, Fengxu Yu, Yongmei Nie
Summary: Talin protein plays a crucial role in transmitting mechanical forces by connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. It converts mechanical signals into biochemical signals and serves as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic indicators in diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hema Saranya Ilamathi, Marc Germain
Summary: Mitochondria are the central metabolic hubs in cells, relying on proteins encoded by nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for their function. The maintenance and distribution of mtDNA are crucial for proper mitochondrial function and are associated with mitochondrial diseases. mtDNA is organized into nucleoids that dynamically move and interact with each other. The replication and distribution of mtDNA nucleoids are regulated by the complex interplay of mitochondrial dynamics, ER-mitochondria contact sites, and cytoskeletal networks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
K. K. Sruthi, Sirisha Natani, Ramesh Ummanni
Summary: The overexpression of TPD52 is associated with the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). TPD52 activates the NF-kappa B - STAT3 axis to induce neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostate cancer cells. Therapeutic targeting of TPD52 is important for the treatment of prostate cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cui Li, Feifan Xiang, Yuqi Gong, Yi Fu, Ge Chen, Zhi Wang, Zhong Li, Daiqing Wei
Summary: Our study demonstrates the significant role of tumor-derived microparticles (T-MPs) in osteosarcoma metastasis and immune response. T-MPs promote macrophage polarization and stimulate migration and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells, thereby affecting the progression of osteosarcoma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2024)