Article
Education & Educational Research
Jaeho Jeon, Seongyong Lee
Summary: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is evolving to be applicable in various fields, blurring boundaries and expanding its capabilities. The release of ChatGPT, a generative AI chatbot powered by a large language model, marks a significant step in this direction. However, the impact of this technology on education, particularly the role of teachers, remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between ChatGPT and teachers, highlighting the complementary roles they play in education. Through interviews and analysis of interaction logs, four ChatGPT roles and three teacher roles are identified. The findings emphasize the importance of teachers' pedagogical expertise in utilizing AI tools and provide implications for the future use of LLM-powered chatbots in education.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ilan S. Schwartz, Katherine E. Link, Roxana Daneshjou, Nicolas Cortes-Penfield
Summary: Large language models (LLMs) trained by deep learning algorithms are AI systems that can process natural language and generate text responses. Although they have limitations, understanding and utilizing LLMs is crucial due to the rapid improvement in technology and increasing calls for clinical integration.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Giovanni Maria Iannantuono, Dara Bracken-Clarke, Charalampos S. Floudas, Mario Roselli, James L. Gulley, Fatima Karzai
Summary: The development of large language models (LLMs) has been successful in the field of generative artificial intelligence (AI), with the ability to perform various natural language processing tasks. There has been an increasing number of studies assessing the potential applications of LLMs in medicine, including cancer care. Although ChatGPT, an advanced language model, can provide helpful information, it also has a significant error rate and a risk of providing outdated data, highlighting the need for an accurate verification process.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zhi Wei Lim, Krithi Pushpanathan, Samantha Min Er Yew, Yien Lai, Chen-Hsin Sun, Janice Sing Harn Lam, David Ziyou Chen, Jocelyn Hui Lin Goh, Marcus Chun Jin Tan, Bin Sheng, Ching-Yu Cheng, Victor Teck Chang Koh, Yih-Chung Tham
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of three large language models (LLMs) in delivering accurate responses to myopia-related queries. The findings highlight the potential of LLMs, particularly ChatGPT-4.0, to provide accurate and comprehensive answers. However, continuous strategies and evaluations are needed to improve the accuracy of LLMs.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Luigi De Angelis, Francesco Baglivo, Guglielmo Arzilli, Gaetano Pierpaolo Privitera, Paolo Ferragina, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Caterina Rizzo
Summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained attention due to the release of ChatGPT, a user-centered chatbot by OpenAI. This perspective article discusses the evolution of LLMs and the impact of ChatGPT in the field of artificial intelligence. LLMs offer multiple opportunities in scientific research, particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, the use of LLMs, including ChatGPT, presents ethical and practical challenges, especially in the medical field, where it has the potential to impact public health and exacerbate the spread of misinformation.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Janne Cadamuro, Federico Cabitza, Zeljko Debeljak, Sander De Bruyne, Glynis Frans, Salomon Martin Perez, Habib Ozdemir, Alexander Tolios, Anna Carobene, Andrea Padoan
Summary: ChatGPT, a tool based on NLP, has attracted much attention for its potential applications in healthcare. However, its ability to interpret laboratory test results is limited, as it can only provide superficial interpretations on a test-by-test basis, without offering meaningful suggestions for follow-up diagnostics.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Palak Handa, Deepti Chhabra, Nidhi Goel, Sri Krishnan
Summary: The rapid advancement of AI in medical image analysis has shown various applications, but its real-time use is still hindered by factors like lack of clinical trials, diverse datasets, model generalization, interpretability, and biases. The introduction of ChatGPT has created both opportunities and challenges in this field. This editorial explores the role of ChatGPT in medical image analysis through an analysis of its responses to questions related to the field.
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL
(2023)
Letter
Engineering, Biomedical
Wenbo Li, Yinxu Zhang, Fengmin Chen
Summary: Colorectal surgery, specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions impacting the colon, rectum, and anus, has shown interest in utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot developed by OpenAI, has the potential to improve healthcare quality by providing accurate information to patients and healthcare professionals. This paper investigates the potential application of ChatGPT in colorectal surgery, discusses advantages and challenges, and addresses socio-ethical implications. Findings suggest that ChatGPT can revolutionize colorectal surgery by providing personalized information, reducing errors, and improving patient outcomes.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ming Liang Oon, Nicholas L. Syn, Char Loo Tan, Kong-Bing Tan, Siok-Bian Ng
Summary: ChatGPT's diagnostic ability in histopathology is not as good as that of experts, and its help to experts is limited. However, it is recognized by experts as an advanced search engine.
Editorial Material
Psychology, Educational
Enkelejda Kasneci, Kathrin Sessler, Stefan Kuechemann, Maria Bannert, Daryna Dementieva, Frank Fischer, Urs Gasser, Georg Groh, Stephan Guennemann, Eyke Huellermeier, Stepha Krusche, Gitta Kutyniok, Tilman Michaeli, Claudia Nerdel, Juergen Pfeffer, Oleksandra Poquet, Michael Sailer, Albrecht Schmidt, Tina Seidel, Matthias Stadler, Jochen Weller, Jochen Kuhn, Gjergji Kasneci
Summary: Large language models are a significant advancement in AI, and despite criticism and bans, they are here to stay. This commentary discusses the potential benefits and challenges of using these models in education, emphasizing the need for competencies, critical thinking, and strategies for fact checking. Teachers and learners must understand the technology and its limitations, and educational systems need clear strategies and pedagogical approaches to maximize the benefits. Challenges such as bias, human oversight, and potential misuse can provide insights and opportunities for early education on societal biases and risks of AI applications.
LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie Mitchell, David C. Krakauer
Summary: The article surveys a heated debate in the AI research community regarding whether large pretrained language models can understand language and the situations it encodes in a humanlike sense. Arguments for and against this understanding are described, along with key questions for the broader sciences of intelligence. The article argues for the development of an extended science of intelligence to understand different modes of understanding, their strengths and limitations, and the challenge of integrating diverse forms of cognition.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
William Rojas-Carabali, Carlos Cifuentes-Gonzalez, Xin Wei, Ikhwanuliman Putera, Alok Sen, Zheng Xian Thng, Rajdeep Agrawal, Tobias Elze, Lucia Sobrin, John H. Kempen, Bernett Lee, Jyotirmay Biswas, Quan Dong Nguyen, Vishali Gupta, Alejandra de-la-Torre, Rupesh Agrawal
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of an AI-based chatbot in the diagnosis and management of uveitis, showing that ophthalmologists outperformed the AI in diagnostic accuracy, although the AI showed some improvement. There was a moderate agreement between ophthalmologists and AI in diagnosis and treatment plans.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Riaz Qureshi, Daniel Shaughnessy, Kayden A. R. Gill, Karen A. Robinson, Tianjing Li, Eitan Agai
Summary: In this commentary, the researchers discuss the potential use of ChatGPT in systematic reviews. They highlight the current limitations of the technology and the need for further development. Although ChatGPT shows promise in aiding in SR-related tasks, caution should be exercised by non-content experts in using these tools due to the presence of erroneous outputs.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Liesbet Van Bulck, Philip Moons
Summary: ChatGPT is a new AI system that revolutionizes information seeking and obtaining. In this study, 20 experts in the field of congenital heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, or cholesterol evaluated the trustworthiness, value, and danger of ChatGPT-generated responses to virtual patient questions. The experts generally considered the responses trustworthy and valuable, with a minority finding them dangerous. Forty percent of the experts found ChatGPT responses more valuable than Google. The experts appreciated the sophistication and nuances in the responses but also recognized their incompleteness and occasional misleading nature.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lucas Prado Osco, Eduardo Lopes de Lemos, Wesley Nunes Goncalves, Ana Paula Marques Ramos, Jose Marcato Jr
Summary: Recent advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) coupled with deep learning-based computer vision techniques have shown substantial potential for automating various tasks. Visual Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Visual ChatGPT, can revolutionize different fields by processing images based on textual inputs. This paper explores the potential of Visual ChatGPT in remote sensing image processing and highlights its limitations and future prospects.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nansi Lopez-Valverde, Antonio Lopez-Valverde, Bruno Macedo de Sousa, Cinthia Rodriguez, Ana Suarez, Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Summary: The use of probiotics for treating oral halitosis needs further clinical trials to establish real evidence of efficacy, although some studies have provided support for their beneficial effects.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Victor Diaz-Flores Garcia, Yolanda Freire, Susana David Fernandez, Beatriz Tomas Murillo, Margarita Gomez Sanchez
Summary: This study analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of an intraoral scanner for measuring dental wear and evaluated patient satisfaction with its use. The results showed that the intraoral scanner can be used as a diagnostic tool and received high satisfaction ratings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nansi Lopez-Valverde, Bruno Macedo de Sousa, Antonio Lopez-Valverde, Ana Suarez, Cinthia Rodriguez, Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Summary: Some research suggests an association between periodontal diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection, but there is currently no clear evidence that H. pylori in the oral cavity causes gastric infection.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ana Suarez, Alberto Adanero, Victor Diaz-Flores Garcia, Yolanda Freire, Juan Algar
Summary: The study involved dental students interacting with an artificially intelligent chatbot recreating a virtual patient. Most students were satisfied with the interaction, with fifth-year students showing higher satisfaction levels. Students who reached a correct diagnosis rated the technology more positively, indicating potential benefits for incorporating this technology into dental curricula.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Michele Di Cosola, Salvatore Sembronio, Mario Dioguardi, Massimo Robiony, Victor Diaz-Flores Garcia, Resi Pucci, Marco Della Monaca, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Francesca Spirito, Edoardo Brauner, Katherine A. Piacentile, Riccardo Nocini, Chiara Copelli
Summary: Cocaine abuse can lead to oral and maxillo-facial lesions, including nasal septa perforations and cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL) characterized by centrofacial midline necrosis. The pathophysiology involves ischemia of cartilage and mucosa caused by cocaine, as well as inflammation and ulceration caused by powdered substances. CIMDL is an important differential diagnosis in developed countries for centrofacial destructive processes.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Yolanda Freire, Margarita Gomez Sanchez, Ana Suarez, Gerardo Joves, Marlen Nowak, Victor Diaz-Flores Garcia
Summary: The use of social media in dental practice can influence patients' decision to change their practice, particularly among those who have changed practice in the last few years. Dental practices should consider using social media as communication and marketing tools.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maria Leon-Lopez, Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera, Jenifer Martin-Gonzalez, Victor Diaz-Flores, Victoria Areal-Quecuty, Isabel Crespo-Gallardo, Paloma Montero-Miralles, Juan J. Segura-Egea
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of root-filled teeth (RFT) among diabetic patients. The results showed that the prevalence of RFT among diabetic patients is 5.5%, and more than 40% of diabetics have at least one RFT. In clinical practice, dentists should consider the possibility of undiagnosed diabetes when observing multiple RCT failures in the same patient.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Michele Di Cosola, Francesca Spirito, Piermichele Saracino, Vito C. Caponio, Victor Diaz-Flores Garcia, Gabriele Madonna, Paolo Ascierto, Lorenzo Lo Muzio
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to report on the oral immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors. The study analyzed the medical history and clinical data of patients treated with anti-PD1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and identified oral lesions as adverse effects, including stomatitis, xerostomia, candidiasis, and taste disturbances. The incidence of oral lesions did not significantly differ between the two drugs investigated.
MINERVA DENTAL AND ORAL SCIENCE
(2022)
